Interaction Of Gravitational Waves Research Articles

Possible detection of high frequency gravitational waves in storage rings: speculation on future applications

The effects induced by the interaction of gravitational waves (GWs) with ultra-relativistic bunches of particles in storage rings are analysed. Using a system of high precision beam monitors, each individual bunch of particles can be monitored and its oscillations, at relatively high frequencies, measured. We speculate on the possible use of storage rings equipped with refined monitors to be used as GW detectors. The noise induced by ground motion at low frequencies limits the possibility to measure any effect for GW frequencies bellow 100 Hz, where the ground motion spectral power density is too high; however, the level of ground motion noise is low at high frequencies, increasing the signal to noise ratio and the possibility to detect a cosmic background of gravitational radiation.

Detection of gravitational waves in storage rings: Speculation on future applications

The effects induced by the interaction of gravitational waves (GWs) with ultra-relativistic bunches of particles in storage rings are analysed. Using a system of high precision beam monitors, each individual bunch of particles can be monitored and its oscillations, at relatively high frequencies measured. The noise induced by ground motion at low frequencies limits the possibility to measure any effect for GW frequencies bellow 100 Hz, where the ground motion spectral power density is too high, however, the level of ground motion noise is low at high frequencies, increasing the signal to noise ratio and the possibility to detect a cosmic background of gravitational radiation.

Coherent interaction of a monochromatic gravitational wave with both elastic bodies and electromagnetic circuits

The interaction of a gravitational wave with a system made of an RLC circuit forming one end of a mechanical harmonic oscillator is investigated. We show that, in some configurations, the coherent interaction of the wave with both the mechanical oscillator and the RLC circuit gives rise to a mechanical quality factor increase of the electromagnetic signal. When this system is used as an amplifier of gravitational periodic signals in the frequency range 50-1000 Hz, at ultracryogenic temperatures and for sufficiently long integration times (up to 4 months), a sensitivity of 10^(-24)-10^(-27) on the amplitude of the metric could be achieved when thermal noise, shot noise and amplifier back--action are considered.

Computational Cosmology: from the Early Universe to the Large Scale Structure.

In order to account for the observable Universe, any comprehensive theory or model of cosmology must draw from many disciplines of physics, including gauge theories of strong and weak interactions, the hydrodynamics and microphysics of baryonic matter, electromagnetic fields, and spacetime curvature, for example. Although it is difficult to incorporate all these physical elements into a single complete model of our Universe, advances in computing methods and technologies have contributed significantly towards our understanding of cosmological models, the Universe, and astrophysical processes within them. A sample of numerical calculations addressing specific issues in cosmology are reviewed in this article: from the Big Bang singularity dynamics to the fundamental interactions of gravitational waves; from the quark-hadron phase transition to the large scale structure of the Universe. The emphasis, although not exclusively, is on those calculations designed to test different models of cosmology against the observed Universe.

Physical and Relativistic Numerical Cosmology.

In order to account for the observable Universe, any comprehensive theory or model of cosmology must draw from many disciplines of physics, including gauge theories of strong and weak interactions, the hydrodynamics and microphysics of baryonic matter, electromagnetic fields, and spacetime curvature, for example. Although it is difficult to incorporate all these physical elements into a single complete model of our Universe, advances in computing methods and technologies have contributed significantly towards our understanding of cosmological models, the Universe, and astrophysical processes within them. A sample of numerical calculations addressing specific issues in cosmology are reviewed in this article: from the Big Bang singularity dynamics to the fundamental interactions of gravitational waves; from the quark-hadron phase transition to the large scale structure of the Universe. The emphasis, although not exclusively, is on those calculations designed to test different models of cosmology against the observed Universe.

Gravitational Wave Interaction with Normal and Superconducting Circuits

The interaction, in the long-wavelength approximation, of normal and superconducting electromagnetic circuits with gravitational waves is investigated. We show that such interaction takes place by modifying the physical parameters R, L, C of the electromagnetic devices. Exploiting this peculiarity of the gravitational field we find that a circuit with two plane and statically charged condensers set at right angles can be of interest as a detector of periodic gravitational waves.

Propagation and interaction of gravitational waves in some expanding backgrounds.

An explicit class of solutions is given which represents a family of expanding gravitational waves with distinct wave fronts propagating into a variety of backgrounds, including vacuum Kasner and FRW fluid models with a stiff equation of state. Complete global solutions are given, and it is indicated how solutions describing the collision of such waves may be constructed. Since the solutions obtained are regular apart from the initial singularity, it is concluded that this class of colliding gravitational waves do not introduce singularities into the space-time.

Quantum mechanics and linearized gravitational waves.

The interaction of classical gravitational waves (GW) with matter is studied within a quantum mechanical framework. The classical equations of motion in the long wave-length limit is quantized and a Schroedinger equation for the interaction of GW with matter is proposed. Due to its quadrapole nature, the GW interacts with matter by producing squeezed quantum states. The resultant hamiltonian is quite different from one would expect from general principles, however. The interaction of GW with the free particle, the harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom is then studied using this hamiltonian.

The collision of gravitational waves in a stiff perfect fluid

Exact solutions are presented which describe the collision and interaction of gravitational waves in a stiff fluid medium. The background region ahead of each wave is conformally flat, and the gravitational waves have constant and aligned polarization. Behind the waves the gravitational field is algebraically general, reflecting the fact that each wave is backscattered as it propagates through the fluid.

Weber-type gravitational wave antenna with two resonant transducers: A new tool for gravitational wave signal identification.

We propose a simple new configuration of measurements for the detection of gravitational waves using a Weber-type gravitational wave antenna. The detection scheme is characterized by three normal modes of vibration; one of them is uncoupled to the gravitational wave interaction, and it is available as an anticoincidence veto for signals of different origin, such as those due to cosmic rays interacting with the antenna. Moreover, on the basis of a simplified analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio of this setup, we show that it is easier to approach the final sensitivity limit of a linear detection scheme of measurements.

Numerically generated black-hole spacetimes: Interaction with gravitational waves.

In this paper we present results from a new two-dimensional numerical relativity code used to study the interaction of gravitational waves with a black hole. The initial data correspond to a single black hole superimposed with time-symmetric gravitational waves (Brill waves). A gaugeinvariant method is presented for extracting the gravitational waves from the numerically generated spacetime. We show that the interaction between the gravitational wave and the black hole excites the quasinormal modes of the black hole. An extensive comparison of these results is made to black-hole perturbation theory. For low-amplitude initial gravitational waves, we find excellent agreement between the theoretically predicted $\ensuremath{\ell}=2$ and $\ensuremath{\ell}=4$ wave forms and the wave forms generated by the code. Additionally, a code test is performed wherein the propagation of the wave on the black-hole background is compared to the evolution predicted by perturbation theory.

Interaction of gravitational waves with a superconducting cylindrical antenna

In this paper we investigate the effects of gravitational waves (GW) on a superconducting cylindrical antenna (S-antenna). We suggest that the electric fields induced by GW of dimensionless amplitudeh ∼- 10−24 in the interior of existing cylindrical antenna might be detectable.

Some exact solutions of gravitational waves coupled with fluid motions

Some exact solutions of Einstein’s equations are found which represent the interaction of gravitational waves with a perfect fluid in which the velocity of sound equals the velocity of light. These solutions, unlike the solutions representing the collision of impulsive gravitational waves, are bounded by a space–time singularity and have some resemblance to cosmological solutions: every time-like trajectory, extended into the past, encounters the singularity. Moreover, in the generic case, matter may be considered as being created at the singularity.

Effect of periodic bottom roughness on gravitational waves in a liquid

The effect of a rigid bottom of periodic form on small periodic oscillations of the free surface of a liquid is considered with the assumption of low amplitude roughness. The methodologically most significant study in this direction, [1], will be utilized. In [1] the steady-state problem for flow over an arbitrarily rough bottom was studied. Other studies have recently appeared on small free oscillations above a rough bottom. Essentially these have considered the effect of underwater obstacles and cavities on surface waves in the shallow-water approximation (for example, [2], [3]). Liquid oscillations in a layer of arbitrary depth slowly varying with length were considered in [4]. However, these results cannot be applied to the study of resonant interaction of gravitational waves with a periodically curved bottom.

Nonlinear gravitational waves in plasma

An exact solution is obtained for the relativistic collisionless kinetic equations describing a test plasma in the field of a strong plane gravitational wave. The gravitational wave induces in the plasma a longitudinal electric current whose amplitude is maximum at temperatures Te ip mec2. The interaction of gravitational waves with a system consisting of Boltzmann ions and degenerate electrons is also considered.

Interaction of a gravitational wave with an elastic body

The problem concerning the interaction of a weak gravitational wave with an elastic body in the general theory of relativity is solved by the use of the theory of elasticity composed earlier by the author on the basis of a gravitoinertial system of reference (GISR).

Some Aspects of the Minimum-Energy Problem in General Relativity

It has been shown that the energy of a charged point mass is positive-definite, and that its metric expressed in isotropic coordinates represents a minimum-energy state. In this paper it is found that for an electric field about this particle which can be derived from a scalar potential, this energy is stationary regardless of the form of gravitational wave interaction, in first approximation (small-perturbation theory). Thus, it is expected that for certain metrics, such a state has lower energy, in first order, than one in which any weak external gravitation is included.