Field Interaction Research Articles

Inspection of Liner Wall Thinning and Interface Debonding in Bimetallic Lined Pipes Using Pulsed Eddy Current Testing.

Bimetallic lined pipe (BLP) has been increasingly used in offshore and subsea oil and gas structures, but how to identify the invisible inner defects such as liner wall thinning and interface debonding is a challenge for future development. A nondestructive testing (NDT) method based on pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) has been proposed to face these difficulties. The inspection of the BLP specimen (AISI1020 base tube and SS304 liner) is implemented from outside of the pipe by using a transmitter-receiver-type PECT probe consisting of two induction coils. By simplifying the BLP specimen to stratified conductive plates, the electromagnetic field interaction between the PECT probe and specimen is analytically modeled, and the probe inspection signals due to liner wall thinning and interface debonding are calculated. In order to highlight the weak response (in microvolts) from the liner, the inspection signals are subtracted by the signal, which is calculated in the case of only having a base tube, yielding differential PECT signals. The peak voltage of the differential signal is selected to characterize the liner wall thinning and interface debonding due to its distinguishable and linear variation. Experiment verification is also carried out on a double-walled specimen simulated by a combination of a Q235 casing pipe and SS304 tubes of different sizes. The experimental results basically agree with the analytical predictions. The peak value of the PECT signal has an ascending and descending variation with the increase in the remaining liner wall thickness and debonding gap, respectively, while the negative peak value shows opposite changes. The peak value exhibits a larger sensitivity than the negative peak value. The proposed method shows potential promise in practical applications for the evaluation of the inner defects in BLP lines.

Inbred rat heredity and sex affect oral oxycodone self-administration and augmented intake in long sessions: correlations with anxiety and novelty-seeking.

Oxycodone abuse begins with prescription oral oxycodone, yet vulnerability factors determining abuse are largely undefined. We evaluated genetic vulnerability in a rat model of oral oxycodone self-administration (SA): increasing oxycodone concentration/session (0.025-0.1mg/ml; 1,4,16-h) followed by extinction and reinstatement. Active licks and oxycodone intake were greater in females than males during 4-h and 16-h sessions (p< 0.001). Each sex increased intake during 16-h vs 4-h sessions (p<2e-16), but a subset of strains dramatically augmented intake at 16-h (p=0.0005). Heritability (h 2) of active licks/4-h at increasing oxycodone dose ranged from 0.30-0.53. Under a progressive ratio schedule, breakpoints were strain-dependent (p<2e-16). Cued reinstatement was greater in females (p<0.001). Naive rats were assessed by elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF) and novel object interaction (NOI). We correlated these behaviors with 28 parameters of oxycodone SA. Anxiety-defining EPM traits were most associated with SA in both sexes, whereas more OF and NOI traits were SA-associated in males. Sex and heredity are major determinants of motivation to take and seek oxycodone; intake augments dramatically during extended access in specific strains; and pleiotropic genes affect anxiety and multiple SA parameters.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical response of micro-deformation diffusion bonding Ti-6Al-4V with designed interface morphology

This study explicates the microstructural evolution and mechanical response of the Ti-6Al-4 V joints diffusion-bonded with a micro-deformation less than 1%, assisted by pre-designed interface morphology. The interfaces composed of interfacial voids and bonded zones were developed, exhibiting varying bond rates. The interfacial voids evolved from valleys of bonding surfaces, and the bonded zones were derived from comparatively deformed ridges mainly depending on dynamic recrystallization, strain-induced migration of grain boundaries, and diffusion mechanism. The recrystallized α grains was generated due to the nucleation and rotation of sub-grains driven by pile-up of dislocations. Additionally, the diffusion of elements was significantly activated at the deformed zones (herein, referring to the bonded zones), promoting the metallurgical bonding of α / β phase interfaces. The formation of bonded zones supported for sound joining equivalent to the substrate in mechanical properties, confirmed by the void-free joint. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the joints were decreased when interfacial voids led to premature failure, and deteriorated more severely with narrowing void spacing. The concentration of stress and strain at void tips induced untimely initiation of cracks, and propagation guided by the trajectory of high stress. The interaction of stress field surrounding adjacent voids was enhanced under narrow spacing (less than 4 times of void length), leading to acceleration of crack initiation and propagation.

Effects of classical drivings on the power broadening of atomic lineshapes

In the framework of the Jaynes–Cummings model, we investigate how atomic lineshapes are affected by coherently driving the atom–field interaction. We pay particular attention to the two-level atom interaction with a thermal cavity field when both are influenced by external classical fields. Adopting a density matrix formalism, we calculate the average atomic inversion and demonstrate how the corresponding lineshapes vary as a function of the average number of thermal photons and the atom–field classical coupling. Furthermore, we compare these results with those obtained from the standard Jaynes–Cummings model and validate our findings through numerical calculations.

Theoretical Insights into the Vibrational Structure of Carbon Dioxide Rare-Gas Complexes.

Two new flexible-monomer two-body ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the neon and krypton van der Waals complexes with carbon dioxide were developed, extending our previous work on the Ar-CO2 molecule. The accuracy of the PESs was validated by their agreement with the vibrational spectrum of the rare-gas complexes. The intermolecular and intramolecular vibrational excitation energies were computed at the vibrational self-consistent field and vibrational configuration interaction levels of theory. Overall, the agreement between theory and experiment is excellent throughout the vibrational spectra. The observed slight splitting of the bending modes, resulting from their nondegeneracy in the complexes, is confirmed by our computations, and the results qualitatively agree with the experiment. The splitting increases with increasing polarizability of the rare-gas atom. Additionally, we explain a discrepancy in the mode assignment in the intermolecular region of the neon complex with our VCI character assignment.

Quantum field theory at finite temperature for 3D periodic backgrounds

The one-loop quantum corrections to the internal energy of some lattices due to the quantum fluctuations of the scalar field of phonons are studied. The band spectrum of the lattice is characterised in terms of the scattering data, allowing to compute the quantum vacuum interaction energy between nodes at zero temperature, as well as the total Helmholtz free energy, the entropy, and the Casimir pressure between nodes at finite non-zero temperature. Some examples of periodic potentials built from the repetition in one of the three spatial dimensions of the same punctual or compact supported potential are addressed: a stack of parallel plates constructed by positioning δδ′ -functions at the lattice nodes, and an ‘upside-down tiled roof’ of parallel two-dimensional Pöschl–Teller wells centred at the nodes. They will be called generalised Dirac comb and Pöschl–Teller comb, respectively. Positive one-loop quantum corrections to the entropy appear for both combs at non-zero temperatures. Moreover, the Casimir force between the lattice nodes is always repulsive for both chains when non-trivial temperatures are considered, implying that the primitive cell increases its size due to the quantum interaction of the phonon field.

Spin-1 Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Model Including Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction

The spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model was investigated by the introduction of spin operators on a square lattice in terms of a mean-field approximation (MFA). The bilinear exchange interaction parameters Jx and Jz, the crystal field interactions Dx and Dz, and the external magnetic field components Hx and Hz along the x- and z-axes were all incorporated in the model Hamiltonian. The effects of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), ∆m, were also included along the y-axis, i.e. containing the spin components only along the x- and z-axis. Various phases of the model, including ferromagnetic (FM), antiferromagnetic (AFM), and random (R) were identified by studying the thermal variations of the order-parameters, susceptibilities, specific heats, and free energy of the sublattices. The second-order phase transition temperatures between these phases were identified, in addition to the existence of first-order phase transitions. Numerous critical points, including the three-phase coexistence, were observed on the phase diagrams. The reentrant behavior was also seen for appropriate values of the system parameters.

Modelling and simulation of radiofrequency electromagnetic field interaction with a human urogenital system

Modelling and simulation of radiofrequency electromagnetic field interaction with a human urogenital system

Analysis of the Interaction Effects of Electromagnetic Fields with Major Living Tissues—One Health Concept Numerical Evaluation Strategy

The well-being and sociability of individuals have always been part of modernity. The development of new technologies that meet these aspirations is receiving increasing attention. Thus, strengthening the desired objectives of these technologies and minimizing their undesirable side effects is the subject of growing commitment. The present contribution aims, in this context, to evaluate and analyze the desired and undesirable effects of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with living tissues in general. These are routines based on mathematical modeling reinforcing the expected functions as well as those of control and protection against undesirable effects. These adverse effects correspond to the “One Health” concept, which encompasses the health of animals, plants and humans, as well as ecological disorders created by human activity. First, in this article, the interactions of electromagnetic fields with tissues are analyzed, involving their thermal biological effects of desired and undesired exposures. The roles of blood and sap fluids in bio-affected tissues are then analyzed. Secondly, the equations governing electromagnetics and bio-heat, as well as their coupled solution are studied. Third, the thermal behavior of tissues and the adverse effects of exposure are examined. Next, monitoring and defending the effects of exposures are discussed. This contribution, supported by a review of the literature, illustrates routines for mathematical modeling of the generalized interaction of electromagnetic fields with living tissues.

Spin-dependent dwell time in a magnetic nanostructure with zero average magnetic fields

ABSTRACT We calculate the dwell time for electron in a magnetic nanostructure with zero average magnetic fields, which is obtained by fabricating three nanosized ferromagnetic stripes on top or bottom of InAs/Al x In1–x As. A spin-dependent dwell time is found thanks to the spin–field interaction, which can be used to separate electron-spins in time dimension. Spin-polarised dwell time can be improved by properly patterning ferromagnetic stripes. Such a novel magnetic nanostructure can serve as a temporal spin splitter in the area of semiconductor spintronics.

Design insights into a junctionless nanosheet FET (JL-NSFET) for switching and Analog/RF applications: Device to circuit level assessment

- The advent in semiconductor technology paved the way for electronic industry to place in front row. The nanosheet (NS) device is a type gate all around (GAA) architecture provides an excellent gate electrostatic to suppress the short channel effects (SCEs) and scale it further below sub-7nm technology node. This paper provides a complete design insight from device to circuit of a two sheet NSFET with geometrical variations. All digital and analog/RF parameters are extracted and analyzed based on gate length (LG), sheet thickness (TNS), sheet width (WNS), and spacer material variations. As LG is varied from 8 nm to 12 nm, ION/IOFF is enhanced from 0.249 × 108 to 2.86 × 108 due to improved gate control over the channel region which is also reflected in DIBL to 40.82 % whereas, at lower LG analog/RF metrics are better. The TNS play a vital role in device characteristics, as TNS decreases the chance of interaction of electric field from source to drain decreases owing to full volume conduction and thereby ameliorated performance of JL NSFET. As TNS is varied from 7 nm to 5 nm, all electrical characteristics are improved and analog/RF parameters gm, Av, fT, TFP and GTFP are improved to 10.3 %, 18.4 %, 12.1 % 18.5 % and 54.04 %, respectively. Increase in WNS from 10 nm to 20 nm results into increased effective width of a device, it leads to higher ION current which further impacts on electrical and analog/RF parameters. The DIBL, gm, fT, GFP, TFP and GTFP are enhanced to 63.7 %, 37.9 %, 34.9 %, 9.7 %, 33.5 %, 9.1 %, respectively. The spacer materials are varying from Al2O3 (k = 18), HfO2 (k = 22), ZrO2 (k = 25) to TiO2 (k = 44), the electrical characteristics are better at higher-k whereas analog/RF performances are superior at lower-k. Further, digital circuit elements NOT, NAND and NOR gates are designed, simulated and the delays are examined as 4.25ps, 6.45ps and 5.12ps, respectively. The NML and NMH of NOT gate are noticed as 295 mV and 280 mV at 0.7 V of supply voltage. Furthermore, a common source (CS) amplifier is also simulated and gain of 3.3 is noticed. The aforementioned analysis revels the JL NSFET is best suitable candidate for future nanoscale applications.

Signs of dynamic nonlinearity of the coal dielectrics depolarization upon excitation in electric and magnetic field

The authors conducted a series of experiments on samples treated immediately before measurements with a constant magnetic field of a neodymium magnet and/or an alternating electric field. The experiment has shown complex dynamics of electric potential with alternating polarity relative to the base exponential depolarization curve. The variety of responses to different types of excitation, and the irregular and unpredictable nature of fluctuations suggest that these are varieties of the same phenomenon – the nonlinear dynamics of ferroelectric domains. The applied methods of statistical processing of the cumulative data array suggest that the invariance of the relaxation dynamics of the accumulated electric potential after excitation can be characterized by three related nonlinear differential equations of the first order. The impact of an alternating electric field may consist in bringing the dipoles of ferroelectric domains in the molecular coal structure into a state of unstable equilibrium with their slow return to their original position. The impact of a constant magnetic field is determined by the interaction of the external magnetic field with the magnetization induced due to time-varying electric polarization. In any case, the observed fluctuations are due to changes in the domain structure topology of the condenser with coal matter.

Examination of Magnetic Field Signatures and Local Plasma Distribution Variations in Jupiter's Magnetosphere

AbstractSpinning disk of plasma results in deformation of Jupiter's magnetic field from a dipole to a magnetodisc configuration with significant radial and azimuthal components. Polar orbit of the Juno spacecraft enables a comprehensive in situ observation of Jupiter's plasmadisc at different latitudes. Observations from magnetometer and plasma distribution instruments on Juno mission were used to examine interaction of magnetic field and heavy ions in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere. Power spectrum analysis was used to evaluate magnetic fluctuations inside and outside of the plasmadisc. Extensive radial maps of magnetic activity in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere are presented. Comprehensive examination of magnetic fluctuations enable to identify local plasma density variations that correlate with plasma distribution count rate fluctuations. Observations of magnetic signatures together with examination of plasma distribution are used to detect features that point to plasma transport inside and outside of Jupiter's plasmadisc. This work shows that plasma in Jupiter's magnetosphere is contained near centrifugal equator and is not a subject to curvature drift that could generate ring currents. Signatures described as current sheet crossings were investigated. On close inspection these signatures show attributes that belong to stand alone formations rather than a single current sheet structure. This work shows that current flow is not an adequate mechanism to explain deformation of Jupiter's magnetic field.

Magnetic-induced chiral dynamics in an extended two-leg bosonic ladder

The realization and detection of chiral physics with ultracold atomic gases provide a unique path for the exploration of topological phases. Here, we show that the interplay of magnetic field and interacting particles in an extended two-leg ladder leads to rich chiral Bloch dynamics. Considering both the on-site contact interaction and nearest-neighbor interactions, the ground state and Bloch dynamics of the system are studied analytically and numerically. When the system is in the ground state, the threshold and phase diagram for the transition between zero-momentum state and plane-wave state are analytically obtained, showing the nearest-neighbor interactions along the legs and rungs have opposite impact on the ground state transition, providing new opportunity to manipulate the ground state transition. When the ladder is perturbated under an external linear force, chiral dephasing of Bloch oscillations (BOs), i.e. symmetry breaking damped BOs (the damping rate of BOs on one leg is larger than the other), are observed. This chirality is absent for vanishing the magnetic field and atomic interaction. Particularly, the chirality of damped BOs is inversed when the magnetic field (chiral current) is inversed. In addition, the damping of BOs induced by different types of atomic interactions is different, and the strength and damping rate of BOs initialized in different ground states are distinct, offering dynamic ways to detect the different ground states. Furthermore, the persistent chiral Bloch oscillations observed in single particle case is predicted analytically, which is a crucial requirement for observation and application of chiral BOs in nonlinear regime. Our results provide an interesting path towards the exploration of topological atomic superfluids.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SPORTS SOCIALIZATION

The article presents the theoretical foundations of researching the development of social interaction through sports socialization. Research methods such as systematization, generalization, and analysisof the main provisions of the «self-determination theory» and «flow theory» were used, including their comparison in the social and sports spheres. The main aspects of forming intrinsic motivation of individuals and its influence on societal well-being are discussed. Preconditions of «psychological immersion» are identified and described, wherein individuals become fully immersed in activities and derive maximum satisfaction from the process itself. The peculiarities of studying intersocial interaction that satisfy the basic psychological needs of individuals are highlighted. According to the research results, the application of the «self-determination theory» and «flow theory» can improve the psychological climate and development of social interaction in society and the sports industry. It is found that a significant outcome of applying these theories is the emergence of a «state of flow» in individuals, characterized by complete absorption in activities and a sense of complete social wellbeing. This can be achieved by providing individuals with a sense of control over their actions and supporting their achievements. Understanding the psychological mechanisms of developing intrinsic motivation and addressing the psychological needs of individuals can enhance the work of social services and effectively engage society in important sociocultural projects.The application of the «self-determination theory» and «flow theory», according to the authors, can positively influence the psychological climate and development of social interaction in various fields, including sports and social work. Further research on the «self-determination theory» and «flow theory» will help social workers better influence the formation of social skills in individuals in various spheres and their effective interaction in society.

Dynamical interactions of the magnetic field in a binary mixture of interacting thermoelastic solids

A more focused scientific approach in the context of a mixture of thermoelastic solids would entail investigating the basic ideas guiding the behavior of the complex materials, including constitutive model development, multi-scale modeling at various length scales, and design optimization for thermoelastic solids with their precise properties. The present work is set up to study the effect of the magnetic field as an external effect on the mixture of two interacting thermoelastic solids. The fundamental mathematical equations were shown and solved by the analytical harmonic wave solution to give the solution of the descriptive functions of the discussed problem. The displacements and stresses for the mixture of the two interreacted thermoelastic solids with the mutual temperature were clarified in the 2-D and 3-D. The results are analyzed and discussed. The obtained solution for the functions is finite everywhere. The solutions for the quantities of practical interest are represented graphically with different choices of the wave number of the harmonic wave as the magnetic field with time. In addition to the numerous physical factors in the governing field equations as depicted in the figures, boundary conditions also play a role in the current damping phenomenon.

Multi-scale simulation of typhoon wind field at building scale utilizing mesoscale model with nested large eddy simulation

Based on the mesoscale WRF (Weather Research Forecast) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation), an integrated numerical simulation framework aiming to resolve typhoon wind fields around urban building blocks has been developed. The holistic multi-scale simulation spans four scales: macroscale (∼1000 km), mesoscale (∼100 km), microscale (∼1 km), and building scale (0.1–100m). By interactively sharing the meteorological data among different scales, this simulation framework addressed the challenge of downscaling typhoon effects in urban environments. Typhoon weather reanalysis and urban wind field simulation were conducted by the WRF model with nested computational domains incorporating high-resolution topography data. For the downscaled LES model with urban buildings, the wind profiles produced by the WRF model were used at the interface with provided turbulent fluctuations in the flow. K11 building is a 270-m-tall building located in a densely built-up area of Hong Kong. Wind velocity and pressure fields surrounding the K11 building in Hong Kong during Typhoon Kammuri were obtained by the proposed framework, and the simulation results were validated by comparing with the meteorological data and full-scale measurements at the top of the K11 building. The interactions of the wind fields and building clusters resulting in vortex shedding, separation, and channeling effects have been resolved at high resolutions. Probabilistic distributions and higher-order statistics of wind pressure, i.e., skewness and kurtosis, were presented to highlight non-Gaussian characteristics of the simulated local wind pressure on the K11 building. Based on the simulated wind pressure, wind-induced vibration of the K11 building during the typhoon was analyzed and compared to the measurements.

Magnetic field impact on ferronanofluid laminar flow

A comprehensive understanding of the magnetic field interaction with the flow of ferronanofluids is essential to determine the heat transfer effect and the potential for use in industrial applications. The purpose of this work is to determine the effects of magnetic field orientation and intensity, as well as inertia forces, on heat transfer in the laminar flow of a ferronanofluid. The experiment involved the use of five permanent magnets positioned both below and above the flowing magnetite-based ferronanofluid. The analysis of the effect on heat transfer is carried out using the similarity numbers, Reynolds number (ratio of inertia and viscous forces), magnetic number (ratio of magnetic and inertia forces) and product of the two (ratio of magnetic and viscous forces).The findings indicate that the orientation of the magnetic field relative to temperature gradient-induced secondary motions plays a crucial role in either enhancing or inhibiting heat transfer. The magnet positioned below the flow leads to improved heat transfer, while placement above hinders it. To determine the magnetic field effect on heat transfer, the ratio of magnetic to viscous force introduced as MnRe is used. Taking the 5 % Nusselt number change as the threshold, the critical value for the orientation of magnet above the tube is MnRe = 24,000, while for the configuration with the magnet below, MnRe = 32,000 for Re = 109 and MnRe = 88,000 for Re = 150 and 163. The magnetic field effect is local and diminishes as the fluid flows, ultimately causing the heat transfer parameters to revert to their reference state. However, an increase in the ratio of inertia and viscosity forces enables the magnetic field interaction effect to propagate over a longer distance.

Effect of the magnetic field on the conductance and spin polarization in phosphorene superlattice

The spin-dependent conductance and spin polarization are investigated theoretically in a phosphorene superlattice in the presence of external magnetic field and Rashba interaction. It is demonstrate that, the spin-dependent conductance with and without spin-flip as well as spin polarization can be effectively controlled by changing the magnetic field strength and the number of the superlattice barriers. For small magnetic field strength, the conductance for with and without spin-flip shows an oscillating behavior as increasing the strength of the Rashba interaction, and by increasing the number of barriers, the oscillating behavior becomes prominent. Further, when the magnetic field is greater than a limit value, the spin conductance will be zero. The size of the spin-dependent transmission window in the phosphorene superlattice under external magnetic field decreases drastically. The magnitude, sign and behavior of the spin polarization can be tuned by the amount of the external magnetic field.

Emerging Technologies and Evolving Work Practices Impacting Employee Engagement: Automobile industry

Purpose: The manufacturing industry has been at the cutting-edge of technology advancements, which has improved quality and profoundly altered work practises. Technology disruptions are redefining work practices, resulting in innovation and creativity driving higher productivity and performance. Man-machine collaboration is profoundly strengthening manufacturing, increasing product quality and safety features. Robots, Cobots working alongside the shopfloor act as a substitute human workforce, increasing productivity and performance Theoretical framework: Multiple theories support employee turnover studies and the job embeddedness theory suits this study the most. JE theory clearly states that employees who feel connected to the social and professional phase within the organization are less likely to leave. Likewise, motivated and up skilled employees will tend to have better QOL and QWL. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted over three months in the automobile industry, and the design adopted a mixed method approach; primary evidence was collected from the field as an interview method, and also various scholarly evidence collaborated with our study. The research design is descriptive and deductive in nature. The methodology used in the research paved the way to answer the critical research question with the help of a theory. Findings: Adapting to new work practices results in changes to job design as employers optimize their workforces to meet the demands of the latest techniques. Implementing disruptive technologies can improve the efficiency, safety, and fulfilment of the workplace in the automobile industry. The new-age practices driven by disruptive technologies enhance skill development, productivity, and employee engagement Research, practical &amp; social implications: Disruptive technologies are improving the safety and quality parameters. Organizations focusing on employees' up skilling based on learning preferences and learning styles tremendously impact productivity, motivation, and morale, enhancing job satisfaction and employee retention. Originality/value: Data collected from the field interactions derived the factual position which was tested using various statistical tool to ensure reliability and validity. Findings added to the body of knowledge further.