Interactive 3D Research Articles

Room-Temperature Magneto-Photoresponse in All-2D Optoelectronic Devices for In-Sensor Vision Systems.

Interplay between magnetism and photoelectric properties introduces the effective control of photoresponse in optoelectronic devices via magnetic field, termed as magneto-photoresponse. It enriches the application scenarios and shows potential to construct in-sensor vision systems for artificial intelligence with gate-free architecture. However, achieving a simultaneous existence of room-temperature magnetism and notable photoelectric properties in semiconductors is a great challenge. Here, the room-temperature magneto-photoresponse is accomplished in all-2D optoelectronic devices, employing 2D ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 as the source and drain, with WSe2 forming the channel. The interplay between room-temperature magnetism and photoelectric properties is realized by introducing the unique magneto-band structure effect from 2D interface, resulting in magneto-tunable charge transfer between Fe3GaTe2 and WSe2. The photocurrent in this 2D optoelectronic device exhibits robust response to both the direction and amplitude of external magnetic fields. Utilizing constructed 2D optoelectronic devices with magneto-photoresponse, traditional gate-controlled phototransistors are replaced and a prototype in-sensor vision system with visual adaptation, significantly improving the recognition accuracy to over four times in low-contrast environments is established. These findings pave a way for achieving high-temperature magneto-photoresponse, thereby guiding the construction of robust in-sensor vision systems toward high performance and broad applications.

Precision Agriculture: MXene-Based 3D Biosensors for Early Detection of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows

INTRODUCTION Mastitis, inflammation of mammary glands, is caused by pathogens like Streptococcus and Staphylococci, posing an economic challenge in the US dairy industry. Subclinical mastitis (SCM), asymptomatic and hard to detect, leads to prolonged milk yield declines. SCM costs the US over $2 billion annually. Current tests include somatic cell count, California Test, and Wisconsin Mastitis Test, but they offer periodic, qualitative measurements with moderate sensitivities (less than 90%) and specificities (85%). Consequently, there is a pressing need for reliable, early, continuous, and on-site detection of SCM to enhance milk yield, control the spread of infection, and health management, and improve the well-being of dairy cows.Herein, we developed a 3D-printed MXene sensor for the detection of mastitis, providing a high sensitivity and a ≤1 min response time. This tool can aid US livestock farmers in dairy herd management. SENSOR FABRICATION Device manufacturing comprises three steps. First, the CAD design of the sensor (Figure 2) guides printing using a 25 μm resolution extrusion-based 3D printer. A UV-curable epoxy resin forms the sensor base, with unique microstructures enhancing surface area (Figure 3). The sensor geometry incorporates a ~280 μm periodic lateral pattern for increased surface area and a 3D geometric diffusion interface. Uncontrollably, a random microfold pattern emerges due to the epoxy resin's photo-sensitivity. These microstructures, acting as microelectrodes, amplify the sensor's surface area, boosting analytical sensitivity.Next, a 100nm gold layer is applied to the sensor base using an e-beam evaporator with a shadow mask. Sensing materials are then drop-casted onto each electrode. The NAGase sensing electrode is coated with Ti3C2 nanosheets (MXene) decorated with anti-NAGase. The pH sensing electrode modified with poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and is covered by a hydrogen ion-selective membrane (H-ISM). The reference electrode (RE) is constructed by applying Ag/AgCl paste onto grooves around each working electrode (Figure 2). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION First, surface morphologies and electrochemical characterizations were conducted. FE-SEM images depict the lateral pattern and micro-folds of the sensor base (Figure 3). EDS and mapping analyses confirm uniform MXene distribution on the gold surface. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) explores electrode electrochemical behavior in different media. CV of MXene with ferro/ferricyanide shows distinctive peaks for mediator oxidation and reduction. CV without a mediator reveals characteristic MXene oxidation peaks, highlighting the sensor's mediator-free capability for direct applications in dairy farms without need for mediator solution.For pH sensing, open circuit potentiometry (OCP) was used. Figure 4 shows OCP response rising with increasing pH values. The calibration graph in Figure 4 establishes a linear correlation between pH values and OCP, aligning with the Nernstian equation for ion-selective electrodes. The pH sensor successfully measures milk sample pH, demonstrating remarkable selectivity in the complex milk matrix.The NAGase biosensor employs two sensing modalities for laboratory and field applications. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with a mediator generates Nyquist plots for calculating charge transfer resistance (Rct) in the presence of NAGase. Figure 5 displays a calibration graph with a linear correlation between Rct and the logarithmic concentration of NAGase. The NAGase-anti-NAGase interaction forms immunocomplexes on the MXene surface, increasing resistance to the mediator's redox reaction. This feature serves as the sensing mechanism for NAGase, a potential biomarker in mastitis.Due to MXene's self-oxidation tendency without a mediator, CV technique used as a mediator-free alternative for practical field applications. In Figure 6, voltammograms show decreasing oxidative and reductive currents with increasing NAGase concentration. Oxidative peak currents used as the signal, exhibiting a negative correlation with NAGase concentration. The immunocomplexes formation acts as an insulative shield, impeding redox reactions. This innovative sensor aims to reduce time and effort in detecting mastitis in dairy cows, controlling pathogen spread. Figure 1

(Invited) Insights from the Interplay of the Electrode Structure and the Microenvironment for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) represents a critical approach toward the carbon-neutral generation of hydrocarbons. However, despite intense research efforts, the need remains to increase the selectivity and activity of electrocatalysts for CO2RR. Thus, there has been increasing interest in optimizing the microenvironment to boost the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic sites for CO2 conversion.This presentation discusses several strategies that are being pursued in my research group to optimize the microenvironment for CO2 conversion based on a detailed understanding of model systems for electrochemical CO2 conversion to C2+ products on Cu. Here, microenvironment-level insights from two model systems will be discussed: The effect of localization of Ag co-catalysts in Cu nanowire arraysThe impact of the 3D interface on the microenvironment within model Cu nanowire array cathodes to boost C2 product activity Overall, these insights can aid in the rational design of electrodes for electrochemical CO2 conversion. Figure 1

Beyond Dynamic Drawings: Restoring and Reusing Interactive 3D Visualizations in a Humanities Context

Beyond Dynamic Drawings: Restoring and Reusing Interactive 3D Visualizations in a Humanities Context

Gel Polymer Electrolyte Enables Low-Temperature and High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries via Bionic Interface Design.

Traditional ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes constrain the applications of silicon carbon (Si-C) anodes under fast-charging and low-temperature conditions due to sluggish Li+ migration kinetics and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, inspired by the efficient water purification and soil stabilization of aquatic plants, a stable SEI with a 3D desolvation interface is designed with gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), accelerating Li+ desolvation and migration at the interface and within stable SEI. As demonstrated by theoretical simulations and experiment results, the resulting poly(1,3-dioxolane) (PDOL), prepared by in situ ring-opening polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), creates a 3D desolvation area, improving the Li+ desolvation at the interface and yielding an amorphous GPE with a high Li+ ionic conductivity (5.73 mS cm-1). Furthermore, more anions participate in the solvated structure, forming an anion-derived stable SEI and improving Li+ transport through SEI. Consequently, the Si-C anode achieves excellent rate performance with GPE at room temperature (RT) and low temperature (-40°C). The pouch full cell coupled with LiFePO4 cathode obtains 97.42 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 5 C/5 C. This innovatively designed 3D desolvation interface and SEI represent significant breakthroughs for developing fast-charging and low-temperature batteries.

Acetylene Hydrogenation Processes Studied Using CFD in a Packed Bed Reactor

AbstractAcetylene hydrogenation reactions (AHR) are typically carried out in fixed bed reactors (FBRs) with high diameter‐to‐particle diameter (D/d). In this study, first, a real catalyst bed was built using the discrete element method, and the suitability of the bed was assessed using empirical equations. Second, a discrete element method‐computational fluid dynamics (DEM‐CFD) model was developed using CFD in conjunction with the reaction mechanism to simulate the AHR in the FBR and was compared with the experimental results. The results show that the DEM‐CFD can well predict the 3D interactions of velocity, temperature, and species for different D/d. The results can provide favorable theoretical guidance for the optimization of FBR and process intensification.

An interactive 3D atlas of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer developed using SPECT/CT

BackgroundThe identification and assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer is important for optimised patient management. The aim of this study was to develop an interactive 3D breast SLN atlas and to perform statistical analyses of lymphatic drainage patterns and tumour prevalence.MethodsA total of 861 early-stage breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT were included. Lymphatic drainage and tumour prevalence statistics were computed using Bayesian inference, non-parametric bootstrapping, and regression techniques. Image registration of SPECT/CT to a reference patient CT was carried out on 350 patients, and SLN positions transformed relative to the reference CT. The reference CT was segmented to visualise bones and muscles, and SLN distributions compared with the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) clinical target volumes (CTVs). The SLN atlas and statistical analyses were integrated into a graphical user interface (GUI).ResultsDirect lymphatic drainage to the axilla level I (anterior) node field was most common (77.2%), followed by the internal mammary node field (30.4%). Tumour prevalence was highest in the upper outer breast quadrant (22.9%) followed by the retroareolar region (12.8%). The 3D atlas had 765 SLNs from 335 patients, with 33.3–66.7% of axillary SLNs and 25.4% of internal mammary SLNs covered by ESTRO CTVs.ConclusionThe interactive 3D atlas effectively displays breast SLN distribution and statistics for a large patient cohort. The atlas is freely available to download and is a valuable educational resource that could be used in future to guide treatment.

Research on Information Fusion Method for Human Computer Interaction Interface of Command and Control System in MR Environment

In response to the challenge of high cognitive pressure and difficulty for commanders in cross-layer operations during the transition from traditional two-dimensional command and control system interfaces to mixed reality human-computer interaction interfaces, this paper conducts research on the information fusion display method for the human-computer interaction interface of the mixed reality command and control system. First, based on the findings of previous research, we developed a five-layer human-computer interaction interface for a mixed reality command and control system in typical combat scenarios. An evaluation experiment was designed and the resulting data analyzed. This analysis revealed that there are problems with low work efficiency and high cognitive load in the information acquisition process in cross-layer interaction operations. Consequently, we conducted research into the methods of integrating and displaying interactive interface information, integrating and displaying interactive and display interface information, and integrating and displaying complex situation interface information. The research findings indicate that: (1) The optimal display ratio for mixed reality 2D interface integration is 3:2. (2) The optimal display scheme for mixed reality 2D interface fusion is a combination of the main and secondary interfaces, with the main interface table displaying global information and the secondary interface displaying accurate information. (3) The optimal display scheme for mixed reality 2D and 3D interface fusion is the display of overall class information in 2D and the accurate identification of class information in 3D. The findings of this research can be applied to the design of human-computer interaction interfaces for mixed reality command and control systems in complex battlefield environments.

Application of artificial intelligence in turbomachinery aerodynamics: progresses and challenges

Turbomachinery plays a vital role in energy conversion systems, with aerodynamic issues being integral to its entire lifecycle, spanning the period of design, validation, and maintenance. Conventionally, the reliance on skilled aerodynamic engineers has been pivotal in the successful development of turbomachines. However, in the current era of burgeoning artificial intelligence (AI) technology, researchers are increasingly turning to AI to replace human expertise and decision-making in these aerodynamic issues and to solve previously intractable aerodynamic problems. This paper presents a systematic literature review of the latest advancements in applying AI to turbomachinery aerodynamics, encompassing the design, validation, and maintenance of compressors and turbines. It underscores how AI is revolutionizing the research paradigm of turbomachinery aerodynamics. AI’s powerful learning capability facilitates more precise and convenient aerodynamic analyses and inspires innovative aerodynamic design ideas that go beyond the capabilities of classical design techniques. Additionally, AI’s autonomous decision-making capability can be employed for aerodynamic optimization and active flow control of turbomachines, generating optimal aerodynamic solutions and complex control strategies that surpass human brains. As a main contribution, we provide a detailed exposition of the future intelligent turbomachinery research and development (R &D) system, along with highlighting potential challenges such as physics embedding, interactive 3D design optimization, and real-time prognoses. It is anticipated that harnessing AI’s full potential will lead to a comprehensive AI-based turbomachinery R &D system in the future.

Rosolic acid as a novel activator of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity: An in silico study

Male reproductive toxicity as a result of arsenic exposure is linked with oxidative stress and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It leads to an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defense mechanisms ultimately resulting in male infertility. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that responds to cellular stressors controlling the oxidative state, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and proteostasis. This study aims to investigate the potential of Rosolic acid (ROA) to act as a novel Nrf2 activator by mitigating oxidative stress to combat arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity. The protein and ligands were prepared in the BIOVIA Discovery Studio, followed by protein-ligand docking using auto dock vina integrated with the PyRx-Virtual Screening Tool. Then the ADME properties were analyzed using the SwissADME tool to get a clear idea about the physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, water solubility, pharmacokinetics, and drug likeliness of ROA. It was followed by molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) studies using GROMACS. The 3D and 2D interaction maps revealed the interactions of Keap 1 with ROA. Keap1-ROA complex was found to have a binding energy of −7.8 kcal/mol. ROA showed 0 violations for Lipinski and 0 alerts each for PAINS and Brenk and a bioavailability score of 0.55. The BOILED-Egg representation showcases that ROA is predicted as passively crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The MDS described 2FLU-ROA as a stable system. This work portrays that ROA can be a potent Nrf2 activator by exhibiting an inhibitory activity against the Keap1 protein and thus mitigating oxidative stress in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity.

Stereointerface Structure Drives Ferroelectricity in BaZrO3 Films.

Interfacial strain engineering can induce structural transformation and introduce new physical properties into materials, which is an effective method to prepare new multifunctional materials. However, interfacial strain has a limited spatial impact size. For example, in 2D thin films, the critical thickness of biaxial strain is typically less than 20 nm, which is not conducive to the maintenance of a strained structure and properties in thick film materials. The construction of a 3D interface can solve this problem. The large lattice mismatch between the BaZrO3 thin film and the substrate can induce the out-of-phase boundary (OPB) structure, which can extend along the thickness direction with the stacking of atoms. The lattice distortion at the OPB structure can provide a clamping effect for each layer of atoms, thus expanding the spatial influence range of biaxial strain. As a result, the uniform in-plane strain distribution and strain-induced ferroelectricity (Pr = 13 μC/cm2) are maintained along the thickness direction in BaZrO3 films.

Tunneling nanotube-driven complete regeneration of murine fetal skin

This study investigated the three-dimensional (3D) cellular interactions and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) during fetal mouse skin regeneration on embryonic days 13 (E13) and 15 (E15). We aimed to understand spatial relationships among cell types involved in skin regeneration and assess the potential role of TNTs. Full-thickness skin incisions were performed in E13 and E15 embryos. Wound sites were collected, embedded in epoxy resin, processed for 3D reconstruction (1 μm thickness sections), and subjected to whole-mount immunostaining. We conducted in vitro co-culture experiments with fetal macrophages and fibroblasts to observe TNT formation. To assess the effect of TNTs on skin regeneration, an inhibiting agent (cytochalasin B) was administered to amniotic fluid. Results revealed that E13 epidermal keratinocytes interacted with dermal fibroblasts and macrophages, facilitating skin regrowth. TNT structures were observed at the E13-cell wound sites, among macrophages, and between macrophages and fibroblasts, confirmed through in vitro co-culture experiments. In vitro and utero cytochalasin B administration hindered those formation and inefficient skin texture regeneration at E13 wound sites. This emphasizes the necessity of 3D cellular interactions between epidermal and dermal cells during skin regeneration in mouse embryos at E13. The prevalence of TNT structures indicated their involvement in achieving complete skin texture restoration.

Comparison of EEVEE and Cycles Rendering Performance in Blender 3.5 in the Context of Interactive Visuals for 3D Animation

This research aims to compare the performance of two rendering engines, namely EEVEE and Cycles, available in Blender 3.5, in the context of developing interactive visual 3D animation. The rendering engine is a key element in 3D animation production, and the right choice between EEVEE and Cycles can have a significant impact on the final animation result. In this research, we conducted a series of experiments and analyzes to evaluate rendering speed, the quality of the resulting images, and the ability to achieve the visual effects desired by the animator. The results of this research provide deep insight into the strengths and limitations of each rendering engine in interactive 3D animation scenarios. These findings can help animators, game developers, and similar creative professionals make more informed choices when choosing a rendering engine that suits their project needs. Thus, this research contributes to the development of rendering techniques in the growing 3D animation industry.

Media Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis AR

The integration of augmented reality (AR) technology in education is advancing, as seen in a project at Atisa Dipamkara School. This project developed a chemistry learning application using Unity, Android XR Plugin, and ARCore to address laboratory limitations. The app uses interactive 3D visualizations to help students grasp complex chemistry concepts. Blackbox testing showed that all main modules work well, except for a bug in the compound reset module. The app effectively improves students' understanding, interest, and motivation in chemistry, making abstract concepts more tangible. This application is both a learning aid and an educational innovation, promoting a more interactive and enjoyable learning experience.

Applied Research on Interactive 3D Virtual Environment Design for Supporting Interior Refurbishment

Building interior design based on 2D diagrams and renderings will cause clients lack of understandings, which will lead to poor information coordination, thus the quality and efficiencies of decision-making will be affected, therefore, a new method need to be proposed for filling this gap. This research has studied the theories of interaction design and has explored the methods of interaction technologies base on the information demand in interior design projects to propose a workflow for developing interaction system. The proposed workflow and the developed interaction system follows BIM paradigm under ISO 19650 regarding to information management. The workflow and the system has been tested in a real project for making evaluation, which achieves good results for guiding future interior design projects.

Cohesin-mediated 3D contacts tune enhancer-promoter regulation.

Enhancers are key drivers of gene regulation thought to act via 3D physical interactions with the promoters of their target genes. However, genome-wide depletions of architectural proteins such as cohesin result in only limited changes in gene expression, despite a loss of contact domains and loops. Consequently, the role of cohesin and 3D contacts in enhancer function remains debated. Here, we developed CRISPRi of regulatory elements upon degron operation (CRUDO), a novel approach to measure how changes in contact frequency impact enhancer effects on target genes by perturbing enhancers with CRISPRi and measuring gene expression in the presence or absence of cohesin. We systematically perturbed all 1,039 candidate enhancers near five cohesin-dependent genes and identified 34 enhancer-gene regulatory interactions. Of 26 regulatory interactions with sufficient statistical power to evaluate cohesin dependence, 18 show cohesin-dependent effects. A decrease in enhancer-promoter contact frequency upon removal of cohesin is frequently accompanied by a decrease in the regulatory effect of the enhancer on gene expression, consistent with a contact-based model for enhancer function. However, changes in contact frequency and regulatory effects on gene expression vary as a function of distance, with distal enhancers (e.g., >50Kb) experiencing much larger changes than proximal ones (e.g., <50Kb). Because most enhancers are located close to their target genes, these observations can explain how only a small subset of genes - those with strong distal enhancers - are sensitive to cohesin. Together, our results illuminate how 3D contacts, influenced by both cohesin and genomic distance, tune enhancer effects on gene expression.

Hybrid Haar wavelet and meshfree methods for hyperbolic double interface problems: Numerical implementations and comparative performance analysis

This paper introduces a variety of approaches for solving 2D and 3D hyperbolic double interface problems. The methods are based on the Haar wavelet method, multiquadric radial basis function method, and integrated multiquadric radial basis function method. Temporal derivatives are handled using the second central difference and the Houbolt method. Various numerical approaches based on these methods are developed, and their implementations are discussed in complete detail. The paper evaluates and compares the performances of these approaches using both linear and nonlinear 2D and 3D double interface hyperbolic problems. Error analysis, conducted using the L-infinity norm, and efficiency assessments measured through CPU times contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the applicability and comparative effectiveness of the proposed methods. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners dealing with the challenges posed by interface problems in general.

Reconstructing Soft Robotic Touch via In‐Finger Vision

Incorporating authentic tactile interactions into virtual environments presents a notable challenge for the emerging development of soft robotic metamaterials. In this study, a vision‐based approach is introduced to learning proprioceptive interactions by simultaneously reconstructing the shape and touch of a soft robotic metamaterial (SRM) during physical engagements. The SRM design is optimized to the size of a finger with enhanced adaptability in 3D interactions while incorporating a see‐through viewing field inside, which can be visually captured by a miniature camera underneath to provide a rich set of image features for touch digitization. Employing constrained geometric optimization, the proprioceptive process with aggregated multi‐handles is modeled. This approach facilitates real‐time, precise, and realistic estimations of the finger's mesh deformation within a virtual environment. Herein, a data‐driven learning model is also proposed to estimate touch positions, achieving reliable results with impressive R2 scores of 0.9681, 0.9415, and 0.9541 along the x, y, and z axes. Furthermore, the robust performance of the proposed methods in touch‐based human–cybernetic interfaces and human–robot collaborative grasping is demonstrated. In this study, the door is opened to future applications in touch‐based digital twin interactions through vision‐based soft proprioception.

Ni/Ni4N nanoparticles anchored on 3D necklace-like carbon framework as free-standing bifunctional host for practical Li-S full cells

Inhibiting the shuttle effect, accelerating sulfur redox kinetics and controlling lithium homogeneous deposition are significant to achieve the flexible lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells with high energy density and safety. In this study, we successfully synthesized a three-dimensional (3D) free-standing necklace-like fabric consisting of heterostructured Ni/Ni4N nanoparticles confined into hollow carbon cages implanted with N-doped carbon nanofibers (Ni/Ni4N@NCC). This unique 3D necklace-like framework and interface electronic structure of Ni/Ni4N@NCC could effectively addresses the challenges associated with both sulfur cathode and lithium anode in Li-S cells. Combine with experimental tests and DFT simulations, Ni/Ni4N@NCC not only strengthened chemical anchoring and accelerated lithium polysulfides conversion, but also induced Li uniform deposition and growth due to its excellent lithiophilicity and low Li diffusion energy barrier. For the anode, the lithium foil coating with Ni/Ni4N@NCC interlayer (denoted as Li-Ni/Ni4N@NCC anode) showed exceptional long-term cycling stability over 1000 h at the high current density of 5 mA cm−2 for high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2. The S-Ni/Ni4N@NCC||Li-Ni/Ni4N@NCC cell with sulfur loading (6.8mg cm−2) exhibited high areal capacities of 6.11 mAh cm−2. The synergetic effect of fascinating necklace-like structure and heterogeneous interface offer instruction for the practically viable design of high-performance flexible Li-S full cells.

Luth Badila's Learning Time

Learning media play a crucial role in enhancing the student learning process, with various types of media being employed to engage students and facilitate better understanding. Posters are one such medium that can significantly enhance students' attention and interest during learning sessions. However, traditional posters often lack elements that make them interactive and engaging enough to substantially impact speaking skills and teamwork. This study aims to introduce and evaluate the effectiveness of a novel learning medium, known as Luth-Badila’s Learning Time, which utilizes uniquely designed 3D posters incorporating subject materials, quizzes, and a rotating clock embedded in a robot's head to attract students' attention and improve their speaking skills and teamwork. The implementation of Luth-Badila’s Learning Time in classrooms has shown promising results, with a noticeable increase in student engagement, improved speaking skills, and enhanced teamwork. The novelty of this learning medium lies in its interactive 3D design and the integration of multiple educational elements into a single poster, which is a significant departure from traditional 2D posters. The findings suggest that incorporating such innovative and interactive learning media in educational settings can lead to better student outcomes, particularly in terms of speaking skills and collaborative abilities. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing evidence of the benefits of using advanced, interactive posters in educational contexts, thereby encouraging educators to adopt similar approaches to enhance learning experiences. Highlights: Innovative Design: Luth-Badila’s Learning Time uses 3D posters with quizzes and a rotating clock to captivate students. Improved Skills: This medium significantly boosts speaking skills and teamwork among students. Educational Impact: Interactive posters lead to higher student engagement and better learning outcomes. Keywords: 3D Poster, Learning Media, Speaking Skills, Student Engagement