Interaction Events Research Articles

FOS-Mediated PLCB1 Induces Radioresistance and Weakens the Antitumor Effects of CD8+ T Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Radioresistance and immune evasion are interactive and crucial events leading to treatment failure and progression of human malignancies. This research studies the role of phospholipase C beta 1 (PLCB1) in these events in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the regulatory mechanism. PLCB1 was bioinformatically predicted as a dysregulated gene potentially linked to radioresistance in TNBC. Parental TNBC cell lines were exposed to fractionated radiation for 6 weeks. PLCB1 expression was decreased in the first 2 weeks but gradually increased from Week 3. PLCB1 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity of the cells, as manifested by a decreased half-inhibitory dose of irradiation, reduced cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, mobility, and tumorigenesis in mice. The FOS transcription factor promoted PLCB1 transcription and activated the PI3K/AKT signaling. Knockdown of FOS similarly reduced radioresistance and T cells-mediated immune evasion. However, the radiosensitivity of TNBC cells and the antitumor effects of CD8+ T cells could be affected by a PI3K/AKT activator or by the PLCB1 upregulation. The PLCB1 or FOS knockdown also suppressed radioresistance and tumorigenesis of the TNBC cells in mice. In conclusion, FOS-mediated PLCB1 induces radioresistance and weakens the antitumor effects of CD8+ T cells in TNBC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Green rush and red warnings: Retrospective chart review of adverse events of interactions between cannabinoids and psychotropic drugs

AimOur objective was to systematically assess the prevalence and clinical features of adverse events related to interactions between cannabinoids and psychotropic drugs through a retrospective chart review.Methodology1586 adverse event reports were assessed. Cases included in the analysis showed a high probability of a causal relationships between cannabinoid-psychotropic drug interactions and adverse events. Data extracted included age, sex, psychotropic drug, cannabinoid products, other medications, and the clinical outcomes and mechanisms of these interactions.ResultsCannabinoids were involved in 8% of adverse events associated with the concomitant use of psychotropic drugs and other preparations. We identified 20 reports in which side effects presented a causal relationship with the use of psychotropic drugs and cannabinoids. Preparations containing 18% or more tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), presented significant side effects with the following antidepressants: mianserine (restless legs syndrome, urogenital pain, ventricular tachycardia), mirtazapine (pancreatitis, hyperhidrosis, arthralgia), quetiapine (myocarditis, renal failure, bradycardia, sialorrhea), haloperidol (ventricular arrhythmia, prolonged QTc), aripiprazole (prolonged QTc), ventricular tachycardia) and cariprazine (stomach pain, hepatotoxicity), sertraline (ataxia, hyperactivity, coma, hallucinations, anxiety, agitation, tachycardia, panic attacks, disorientation, headache, dizziness, blurry vision, severe emesis, xerostomia, dry eyes), trazodone (disorientation, memory impairment, sedation), fluvoxamine (tachycardia, tachypnoea, dysarthria, auditory hallucinations). Two out of 20 reports (10%) analyzed in our study was related with the simultaneous use of cannabidiol (CBD) oil and sertraline. Concomitant use of those substances was associated with the adverse events in form of diarrhea, emesis, fever and severe fatigue.ConclusionClinicians need to closely monitor adverse events resulting from the combined use of cannabinoids and psychotropic medications. The accumulation of side effects and pharmacokinetic interactions (including CYP and p-glycoprotein inhibition) between these drugs can lead to clinically significant adverse outcomes.

Zircon Coupled Dissolution–Precipitation Replacement During Melt–Rock Interaction Modifies Chemical Signatures Resulting in Misleading Ages

ABSTRACTMelt migration through Earth's crust drives well‐documented melt–rock reactions, locally changing rock assemblage and geochemistry. However, melt–zircon interaction remains understudied. We report on three zircon‐melt interaction events from the Pembroke Granulite, New Zealand. Primary zircon from gabbroic gneiss which was subject to minor post‐emplacement melt migration and primary zircon from younger dykes exhibit straightforward microstructures, microchemistry, and age data. In contrast, zircon from melt‐mediated reaction halos adjacent to the dykes and from melt‐fluxed high‐strain zones display dissolution modification of grains, micro‐porosity and blurred or truncated internal zoning typical of replacement by coupled dissolution‐precipitation. Replaced zircon domains show changed rare earth element patterns and redistributed or lost radiogenic Pb that generates ambiguous apparent spot date arrays, smeared over tens of millions of years. We conclude that the metamorphism and three melt–rock interaction events were brief, and the arrays misrepresent the true age and duration of the metamorphism. Pb‐loss persisted beyond the metamorphism, with porosity and inclusions formed during coupled dissolution‐precipitation making replaced zircon domains more susceptible to subsequent Pb‐loss compared to the structurally intact, primary magmatic zircon in the host gabbroic gneiss or dykes. We recommend conducting high‐resolution microstructural investigations upon recognition of spot date arrays observed in single samples to rule out the possibility of spurious arrays resulting from coupled dissolution‐precipitation.

Assessment of weather-driven travel behavior on a small-scale docked bike-sharing system usage

Bike-sharing systems play a crucial role in encouraging sustainable transportation, and understanding their usage characteristics is essential for enhancing their contribution to urban mobility. This research seeks to investigate how weather conditions impact the utilization of a small-scale docked bike-sharing system. The study employed Generalized Linear Mixed Effects (GLME) models to analyze interactive events, using categorized weather parameters to represent various weather conditions. Several models were developed to comprehensively understand distinct travel behaviors and identify significant weather variables affecting the frequency of bike trips for transportation and leisure purposes. The findings reveal that rain had a significant deterrent effect on leisure cycling, particularly on weekdays. Cold and hot weather conditions exhibited a more pronounced impact on weekday bike trips, while weekend bike trips appeared to be less influenced by weather variables. The fall season was found to be the least favorable for leisure trips, while winter was determined to be the most unfavorable for transportation trips. Furthermore, hot days in the summer season negatively impacted bike usage only on weekdays. These insights have important implications for the development of a more resilient bike-sharing system, particularly in small-scale contexts. They provide valuable recommendations for tailored strategies to mitigate the impact of adverse weather conditions, thereby fostering an increase in usage of bike-sharing systems for both leisure and transportation purposes.

Macrophage MAPK7/AhR/STAT3 Signaling Mediates Mitochondrial ROS Burst and Enterohepatic Inflammatory Responses Induced by Deoxynivalenol Relevant to Low-Dose Exposure in Children.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial ROS burst, and macrophage polarization. Here, we investigated the mechanism linking the above three aspects with the dose range relevant to low-level exposure in children. At 0.5 μg/kg bw/day, we found remarkable liver and gut inflammatory responses after 6-week exposure in mice age comparable to humans 7-12 years old. Through antioxidant intervention, we found that ROS played a driver role in macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses induced by DON in the liver and gut. Further bioinformatics analysis uncovered that ER stress-associated protein MAPK7 (ERK5) may bind with AhR to initiate a mitochondrial ROS burst and macrophage M1 polarization. The downstream cellular events of MAPK7-AhR interaction may be mediated by the AhR/STAT3/p-STAT(Ser727) pathway. This mechanism was further supported by DON toxicity mitigation using cyanidin-3-glucoside (C-3-G), which docks to MAPK7 oligomerization region 200-400 aa and disrupts MAPK7-AhR interaction. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and mechanism for DON-induced inflammatory responses in the liver and gut system. Our findings call attention to the health risks associated with low-level DON exposure in the prepuberty children population.

Artistic expression as a property of resonant musical experience: an interview study with upper secondary school music teachers

Background The curriculum for the courses given at the music specialization of the upper secondary school’s aesthetic program in Sweden includes the concept of artistic expression (AE). Being a criterion for assessment, no definition is provided by the National Agency of Education and there exists no consensus of how to interpret artistic expression among music teachers and music teacher students. Methods In order to explore how teachers understand, teach, and assess the concept and phenomenon of artistic expression, twelve qualitative interviews with music teachers were conducted and analyzed through an open coding process. Results The findings show that the concept of artistic expression is multifaceted and evasive. The results focus on two analytic threads: (i) situatedness and (ii) entanglement. (i) AE is situated due to context-specific parameters which underpins the meaning of the concept in this particular educational setting. (ii) Furthermore, the phenomenon of artistic expression is entangled (a) with the ongoing relationship between teacher and student, and (b) in a temporally unfolding and interactive musical event. The phenomenon of artistic expression as entangled is discussed, primarily through Hartmut Rosa’s concept of resonance, which brings into focus the intersubjective character of aesthetic experience. Doing so questions understandings of – and assessment procedures surrounding – artistic expression that relies on skill-based interpretations or reductions of entanglement. One example of such reduction is assessment of recordings of student performances which limits (a) the relational perspective (if assessed by a third person) or (b) the entanglement with the musical event. The perspective of resonance brings forth the teacher’s role during a student performance as characterized by self-efficacy and active listening, thus co-constitutive of artistic expression. Conclusions The article concludes with reflections on how the findings may contribute to the continuous discussion on how scientific grounding and proven experience may inform both the music education at upper secondary school and music teacher education. The concept of resonance provides a possibility to reframe conceptions of artistic competence in art education as being grounded in intersubjective and relational terms, rather than being reified as a set of measurable skills, an understanding which in turn risks replacing learning with criteria compliance.

Using Acanthamoeba spp. as a cell model to evaluate Leishmania infections.

Leishmaniasis represents a severe global health problem. In the last decades, there have been significant challenges in controlling this disease due to the unavailability of licensed vaccines, the high toxicity of the available drugs, and an unrestrained surge of drug-resistant parasites, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Leishmania co-infections. Leishmania spp. preferentially invade macrophage lineage cells of vertebrates for replication after subverting cellular functions of humans and other mammals. These early events in host-parasite interactions are likely to influence the future course of the disease. Thus, there is a continuing need to discover a simple cellular model that reproduces the in vivo pathogenesis. Acanthamoeba spp. are non-mammalian phagocytic amoeba with remarkable similarity to the cellular and functional aspects of macrophages. We aimed to assess whether the similarity reported between macrophages and Acanthamoeba spp. is sufficient to reproduce the infectivity of Leishmania spp. Herein, we analyzed co-cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii or Acanthamoeba polyphaga with Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania major, and Leishmania braziliensis. Light and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the flagellated promastigotes attach to the A. castellanii and/or A. polyphaga in a bipolar and or random manner, which initiates their uptake via pseudopods. Once inside the cells, the promastigotes undergo significant changes, which result in the obligatory amastigote-like intracellular form. There was a productive infection with a continuous increase in intracellular parasites. However, we frequently observed intracellular amastigotes in vacuoles, phagolysosomes, and the cytosol of Acanthamoeba spp. Our findings corroborate that Leishmania spp. infects Acanthamoeba spp. and replicates in them but does not cause their rapid degeneration or lysis. Overall, the evidence presented here confirms that Acanthamoeba spp. have all prerequisites and can help elucidate how Leishmania spp. infect mammalian cells. Future work exposing the mechanisms of these interactions should yield novel insights into how these pathogens exploit amoebae.

Teaching Linked Data Principles through Virtual Wikidata Edit‐a‐thons

ABSTRACTCataloging and metadata professionals in libraries have an interest in learning about the Semantic Web and Linked Data technologies. However, with limited release time and funding for continuing education, professional development opportunities need to be designed with learner needs in mind: free, flexible, and fun. Our regional Linked Data interest group approached this challenge by developing an annual program in the form of a five‐day edit‐a‐thon, providing training and hands‐on experience in creating and editing Wikidata. The flexible format makes use of synchronous video conferencing, detailed online documentation, independent editing days for hands‐on learning, and opt‐in community discussion via Slack. Individual and project progress was tracked with the Wikimedia Event Dashboard. This poster proposes the Wikidata edit‐a‐thon as an ideal method to fulfill a professional development need of library staff by introducing participants to the principles of Linked Data through this flexible and interactive event.

Climate Change Awareness and Policy Implementation in Canberra

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the climate change awareness and policy implementation in Canberra. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that while there is a high level of public awareness and concern about climate change among residents, translating this awareness into effective policy action remains a challenge. The local government has implemented various policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability, but gaps persist in policy enforcement and public engagement. The findings suggest that stronger collaboration between policymakers, community stakeholders, and educational campaigns is needed to bridge the gap between awareness and actionable outcomes in combating climate change in Canberra. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, framing theory & the theory of planned behavior may be used to anchor future studies on climate change awareness and policy implementation in Canberra. Educational campaigns should incorporate interactive workshops, online resources, and community events that encourage participation and foster a deeper understanding of climate policies. Policymakers should allocate funding for climate education initiatives, ensuring that they are integrated into school curricula and community learning programs, thereby institutionalizing climate education.

A Class-Incremental Learning Method for Interactive Event Detection via Interaction, Contrast and Distillation

Event detection is a crucial task in information extraction. Existing research primarily focuses on machine automatic detection tasks, which often perform poorly in certain practical applications. To address this, an interactive event-detection mode of “machine recommendation-human review–machine incremental learning” was proposed. In this mode, we study a few-shot continual class-incremental learning scenario, where the challenge is to learn new-class events with limited samples while preserving memory of old class events. To tackle these challenges, we propose a class-incremental learning method for interactive event detection via Interaction, Contrast and Distillation (ICD). We design a replay strategy based on representative and confusable samples to retain the most valuable samples under limited conditions; we introduce semantic-boundary-smoothness contrastive learning for effective learning of new-class events with few samples; and we employ hierarchical distillation to mitigate catastrophic forgetting. These methods complement each other and show strong performance. Experimental results demonstrate that, in the 5-shot 5-round class incremental-learning settings on two Chinese event-detection datasets ACE and DuEE, our method achieves final recall rates of 71.48% and 90.39%, respectively, improving by 6.86% and 3.90% over the best baseline methods.

Dyadic Isolation in Social Interactions: The Role of Depressive Symptoms

Dyadic isolation is the tendency of some individuals to be involved in pairwise interactions rather than in larger group interactions. This article investigates the interpersonal processes associated with the dyadic isolation of individuals with depressive symptoms. We hypothesize that such individuals tend to initiate more and stay longer in dyadic interactions compared to group interactions (dyadic preference hypothesis) and that individuals—irrespective of their own level of depressive symptoms—tend to join and stay longer in interactions when interaction partners have lower levels of depressive symptoms (depression avoidance hypothesis). We analyze two data sets (N = 123) of face-to-face interaction events (N = 86,915) collected with proximity badges at a social event. Hypotheses are tested using a relational event model (DyNAM-i) specifically tailored for modeling group interactions. In line with the dyadic preference hypotheses, individuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms are found to be more likely to join and stay in dyadic interactions. Post hoc analyses reveal that this result only applies to female participants. We find limited support for the depression avoidance hypotheses.

Tactile Sensing and Rendering Patch with Dynamic and Static Sensing and Haptic Feedback for Immersive Communication.

Wearable human-machine interface (HMI) with bidirectional and multimodal tactile information exchange is of paramount importance in teleoperation by providing more intuitive data interpretation and delivery of tactilely related signals. However, the current sensing and feedback devices still lack enough integration and modalities. Here, we present a Tactile Sensing and Rendering Patch (TSRP) that is made of a customized expandable array which consists of a piezoelectric sensing and feedback unit fused with an elastomeric triboelectric multidimensional sensor and its inner pneumatic feedback structure. The primary functional unit of TSRP is mainly featured with a soft silicone substrate with compact multilayer structure integrating static and dynamic multidimensional tactile sensing capabilities, which synergistically leverage both triboelectric and piezoelectric effects. Additionally, based on the air chamber created by the triboelectric sensor and the converse piezoelectric effect, it provides pneumatic and vibrational haptic feedback simultaneously for both static and dynamic perception regeneration. With the aid of the other variants of this unit, the array shaped TSRP is capable of simulating different terrains, geometries, sliding, collisions, and other critical interactive events during teleoperation via skin perception. Moreover, immediate manipulation can be done on TSRP through the tactile sensors. The preliminary demonstration of TSRP interface with a completed control module in robotic teleoperation is provided, which shows the feasibility of assisting certain tasks in a complex environment by direct tactile communication. The proposed device offers a potential method of enabling bidirectional tactile communication with enriched key information for improving interaction efficiency in the fields of robot teleoperation and training.

FRUGIVORY CAMTRAP: A dataset of plant-animal interactions recorded with camera traps.

Ecological interactions are a key component of biodiversity, essential for understanding ecosystem services and functioning. Recording and quantifying ecological interactions is challenging, frequently requiring complex logistics and substantial effort in the field. Camera traps are routinely used in ecology for various applications, and have proven to be an excellent method for passive and non-invasive sampling of plant-animal interactions. We implemented a standardized camera trap protocol to document vertebrate frugivores-fleshy fruitedplants interactions in Doñana National Park, SW Spain, with the central objective of inventorying the diversity of plant-animal ecological interactions providing seed dispersal services. From 2018 to 2023 we recorded pairwise interactions from which we obtained qualitative (presence-absence) and quantitative (frequency of visits) information. Each record in the dataset contains information of a visit by an individual animal to an individual plant, resulting in any form of fleshy-fruit use and provides information on visitation phenology, visit length, and feeding behavior. The dataset presented here includes 10,659 frugivory interaction events for 59 vertebrate species (46 birds, 13 mammals) recorded on 339 plant individuals from 13 different plant species which dominate the fleshy-fruited plant assemblage in the Doñana National Park. The most recorded animal species consuming fruits and playing a legitimate seed dispersal role was Curruca melanocephala (1678 records) among birds and Vulpes vulpes among mammals (751 records). Cervus elaphus, a fruit consumer with a marginal role as legitimate seed disperser, was the most recorded mammal species (1508 records). Avian frugivores, particularly those from the Sylviidae and Turdidae families, are widespread in the region and play a crucial role in maintaining the dispersal service for the fleshy-fruited plant populations in the area. The dataset offers highly versatile quantitative information that can be used to investigate frugivory from the highest resolution scale, the interaction event between pairs of individuals. In addition, other information that can be extracted includes the timing of interactions of animals and plants (their phenological couplings), activity periods of the animals, behavior during the events and preferences for individual plants within populations. There are no copyright restrictions on the data. When using the data from this data paper in publications, we kindly request that you cite the paper accordingly. Additionally, we encourage researchers and educators to inform us about how they are using this data, as we value feedback and would like to be aware of its various applications.

Regulating learning module for patient monitoring interactive event detecting robots

Process automation robots in smart healthcare services are reliable in providing interactive patient services. The patient requirements are identified and approached through automated learning and responses. A Regulating Learning Interaction Module (RLIM) using Sigmoid Optimized Neural Networks is designed for robots in such sensitive environments. This learning module trains the robots for various services/ user interactions over patient demands. In particular, the patient interacting features on monitoring and responses/ event triggering are induced through the learning. The miscommunicated interactions are streamlined using sigmoid optimization from the conditional neural layers for assessment. This assessment delivers the possible choices to improve event detection/ response delivery. The neural network regulates the training patterns from the user inputs, histories, and patient diagnosis data for which the events are detected. This event relates the patient with the diagnosis, assistance, and monitoring for better assistance. The performance of this proposed module is validated using interaction detection, response precision, event generation rate, and miscommunication.

Flame dynamic insights into pollutant production characteristics of NH[formula omitted]/H[formula omitted]/air combustion during turbulent flame–wall interaction

A turbulent premixed NH3/H2/air flame with Damköhler number Da = 0.004 has been simulated using direct numerical simulations (DNS) with detailed chemistry. The flame is propagating in a fully-developed turbulent channel flow with friction Reynolds number Reτ = 313. The global and local production speeds of NO, N2O and NH3 have been analyzed. Special attention is paid on the flame dynamic insights into the pollutant production characteristics during the flame–wall, flame–turbulence and flame–flame interaction process. Finally, important findings have been concluded: (1) The unburned NH3 is reduced in the turbulent case due to the smaller quenching distance; (2) The N2O consumption speed would decrease just before flame quenching on the wall in the turbulent case, due to the thickened flame thickness, which is contradictory to the laminar case; (3) Effect of flame curvature on pollutant production speeds should be combined with the effect of flame surface density; (4) Low Damköhler number flame tends to produce more N2O and less NO, due to the more frequent flame–flame interaction events. These findings would help to better understand the pollutant production characteristics of turbulent premixed NH3/H2/air flames in lab-scale burners with strong flame–wall interactions.Novelty and Significance StatementThe novelty of this research is summarized into 3 points: (1) It is, to our knowledge the first time, pollutant production characteristics are investigated in detail for the premixed NH3/H2/air flame propagating in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer; (2) The effects of flame–wall, flame–turbulence and flame–flame interactions, the underlying reasons and controlling mechanisms are investigated in detail, which has not yet been (comprehensively) done in previous studies; (3) Novel and important findings have been concluded for the wall effects, turbulence effects (including flame curvature and surface density function effects) and flame–flame interaction effects. Some of these findings have never been reported before, but important for the comprehensive understanding of the pollutant production characteristics. It is significant because understanding the turbulence and wall effects on NO, N2O and NH3 production characteristics in the premixed NH3/H2/air flames is crucial for the future clean combustion energy system design.

Rethinking Lifetime Abuse in Old Age.

Research on abuse is often piecemeal and focused on specific forms, populations, and social situations. As a result, these studies tend to ignore the web of abuse resulting from the interactive effects of various forms of abuse over the life course, together referred to as "lifetime abuse." An examination of abuse from the point of view of older adults is likely to provide a lifetime perspective based on linking child abuse to elder abuse over the life course and an assessment of its consequences. Despite the growing awareness and resulting body of knowledge regarding this phenomenon, proposed theoretical formulations about it remain limited. The present article aimed to conceptualize the multifaceted phenomenon of lifetime abuse and to gain a deeper perspective of the topic by understanding its dimensions, meanings, and experiences in older age, based on a critical review of empirical studies. A model is suggested, which can be useful for future exploration and understanding of lifetime abuse. Based on a critical review of previous studies, we suggest a theoretical framework of lifetime abuse from the perspective of older adults, identifying three key domains: (a) perception of time and life review in old age; (b) cumulative and interactive abusive life events; and (c) resilience versus vulnerability over the life course. We propose a heuristic model to explore and understand lifetime abuse. We believe our proposed model is open to reflection and elaboration and is intended to raise questions that could enhance the need for our understanding of lifetime abuse in old age.

FSRM-DDIE : few-shot learning methods based on relation metrics for the prediction of drug-drug interaction events

FSRM-DDIE : few-shot learning methods based on relation metrics for the prediction of drug-drug interaction events

Toroidal modified Miller-Turner CME model in EUHFORIA: Validation and comparison with flux rope and spheromak

Rising concerns about the impact of space-weather-related disruptions demand modelling and reliable forecasting of coronal mass ejection (CME) impacts. In this study, we demonstrate the application of the modified Miller-Turner (mMT) model implemented within EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) in forecasting the geo-effectiveness of observed coronal mass ejection (CME) events in the heliosphere. Our goal is to develop a model that not only has a global geometry, in order to improve overall forecasting, but is also fast enough for operational space-weather forecasting. We test the original full torus implementation and introduce a new three-fourths Torus version called the Horseshoe CME model. This new model has a more realistic CME geometry, and overcomes the inaccuracies of the full torus geometry. We constrain the torus geometrical and magnetic field parameters using observed signatures of the CMEs before, during, and after the eruption. We perform EUHFORIA simulations for two validation cases -- the isolated CME event of 12 July 2012 and the CME--CME interaction event of 8-10 September 2014. We performed an assessment of the model's capability to predict the most important $B_z$ component using the advanced dynamic time-warping (DTW) technique. The Horseshoe model predictions of CME arrival time and geo-effectiveness for both validation events compare well with the observations and are weighed against the results obtained with the spheromak and FRi3D models, which were already available in EUHFORIA. The runtime of the Horseshoe model simulations is close to that of the spheromak model, which is suitable for operational space weather forecasting. However, the capability of the magnetic field prediction at 1 AU of the Horseshoe model is close to that of the FRi3D model. In addition, we demonstrate that the Horseshoe CME model can be used for simulating successive CMEs in EUHFORIA, overcoming a limitation of the FRi3D model.

The Particle of Haag's Local Quantum Physics: A Critical Assessment.

Rudolf Haag's Local Quantum Physics (LQP) is an alternative framework to conventional relativistic quantum field theory for combining special relativity and quantum theory based on first principles, making it of great interest for the purposes of conceptual analysis despite currently being relatively limited as a tool for making experimental predictions. In LQP, the elementary particles are defined as species of causal link between interaction events, together with which they comprise its most fundamental entities. This notion of particle has yet to be independently assessed as such. Here, it is captured via a set of propositions specifying particle characteristics and then compared to previous particle notions. Haag's particle differs decisively with respect to mechanical intuitions about particles by lacking, among other things, even an approximate independent space-time location. This notion is thus found to differ greatly even from those of relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, which have been applied to the known elementary particles.

Composite Melt–Rock Interactions in the Lowermost Continental Crust: Insights from a Dunite–Pyroxenite–Gabbronorite Association of the Mafic Complex from the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (Italian Alps)

Abstract The processes leading to the building of the continental crust through magmatic underplating are fundamentally unknown, mainly because of the rare accessibility to deep level sections of the continental crust. The Italian Alps expose the Permian Mafic Complex, an 8-km-thick gabbronorite–diorite batholith that intruded the lower continental crust during the post-Variscan transtensional tectonics. We present here a petrological and geochemical study of a concentric dunite–pyroxenite–gabbronorite association, called Monte Mazzucco sequence, enclosed at deep levels of the Mafic Complex, thereby allowing us to provide new insights into the magmatic processes driven by emplacement of mantle melts in deep crustal continental areas. The studied sequence includes a ~ 60-m-thick dunite lens, in which olivine (82 mol % forsterite) is associated with accessory Cr-spinel including blebs and lamellae made up of magnetite. The dunite lens is permeated by mm- to cm-scale thick magmatic veins, which range in composition from hornblende lherzolite to olivine hornblendite and hornblende websterite. The lens is mantled by a m-scale ring consisting of amphibole-bearing (≤1 vol %) websterite, and the websterite ring is in turn enclosed by amphibole-free gabbronorites. Both magmatic veins within the dunites and mantling websterites typically include an oxide association of Al-spinel and magnetite. Remarkably, the hornblende websterite veins and the mantling websterites are typically plagioclase-free and include clinopyroxene and amphibole with chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns characterized by negative Eu anomaly. The mantling websterites display a subtle, gradual outward decrease of Mg# for orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and accessory olivine, coupled with an increase of the negative Eu anomaly in clinopyroxene and amphibole. The enclosing gabbronorites are amphibole-free and have a chemically evolved signature. We propose a petrogenetic scenario including two major events of melt–dunite interaction. The first resulted from focused reactive melt infiltration and formed the magmatic veins within dunites. The hornblende lherzolite and the olivine hornblendite veins were produced by focused reactive melt migration through dunite grain boundaries, involving dissolution of olivine and recrystallization of Cr-spinel into Al-spinel and magnetite, whereas the hornblende websterite veins crystallized from melts penetrating through narrow fractures and recording earlier plagioclase fractionation. Most likely, the infiltrating melts were overall derived from an evolving H2O-rich magma emplaced below the dunite body. The second event of melt–dunite reactive interaction developed the websterite ring around dunites. We envision that the outermost domain of the dunite body was replaced by websterites in response to reaction with an invading H2O-poor melt, which had previously undergone plagioclase fractionation. The dunite replacement occurred under dynamic conditions, which promoted the reaction progress, thereby leading to total or almost total dissolution of precursor olivine, and started to form the lens shape of the Monte Mazzucco ultramafic association. The gabbronorites closely adjacent to the websterite ring represent the crystallization products of the invading melt.