Interaction Effect Of Type Research Articles

When do consumers prefer AI-enabled customer service? The interaction effect of brand personality and service provision type on brand attitudes and purchase intentions

When do consumers prefer AI-enabled customer service? The interaction effect of brand personality and service provision type on brand attitudes and purchase intentions

The influence of culture on wise reasoning in the context of self-friend conflict and its mechanism

<p id="C2">Wisdom involves certain types of pragmatic reasoning to navigate challenges in social life. Scholars presented aspects of wise reasoning that include perspective taking, consideration of change and alternatives, intellectual humility, search for compromise, and adopting an outsider’s vantage point. Researchers have found that most WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) people can reason more wisely about friends’ social problems than their own (i.e., Solomon’s paradox). However, it is not clear whether Solomon’s paradox will exhibit different characteristics and mechanisms among Chinese people who are mainly interdependent selves. We hypothesized that 1) Americans endorsed greater wise-reasoning strategies in the friend-conflict condition than in the self-conflict condition, while among Chinese, endorsement of wise-reasoning strategies did not differ between the two conditions; 2) People with independent self exhibited greater wise reasoning in the friend-conflict condition than in the self-conflict condition, whereas people with interdependent self didn’t have significant differences between the two conditions.<break/>In study 1, we recruited 594 American participants from MTurk and 610 Chinese participants from a Chinese survey platform to participate in “a survey of daily life”. Participants who responded less attentiveness to the study was excluded. The final sample consisted of 282 American participants (125 females, 155 males 2 with unreported gender; <italic>M</italic> = 36.87 y, <italic>SD</italic> = 11.04; 218 Whites, 21 African Americans, 27 Asian, 13 Latino, and 3 other) and 295 Chinese participants (151 females, 144 males; <italic>M</italic> = 23.22 y, <italic>SD</italic> = 4.34). Participants were randomly assigned to either self-conflict or friend-conflict conditions. They were asked to think about a close relationship that was currently not going very well, and then responded to the wise-reasoning scale and self-construal scale. The results using the alignment and ANOVA both showed that Americans reason more wisely about friend’s interpersonal conflict than about their own, while the Chinese didn’t have significant differences between the two conditions. Moreover, the interaction effect of independent self and conflict type on wise reasoning was significantly positive in Chinese culture. Among participants high in independent self, endorsement of wise-reasoning strategies was greater in the other-conflict condition than in the self-conflict condition (β = 0.21, <italic>t</italic>(287) = 2.48, <italic>p</italic> = 0.014), whereas among participants low in independent self, endorsement of wise-reasoning strategies did not differ between the two conditions (β = -0.07, <italic>t</italic>(287) = -0.81, <italic>p</italic> = 0.419). In study 2 (<italic>n</italic> = 710) and 3 (<italic>n </italic>= 537), we created a 2 (priming independent vs. interdependent self-construal) × 2 (self-conflict vs. friend-conflict) between-subjects design online and in study 4 (<italic>n</italic> = 200), we created same design in lab. The results all showed that independent participants reason more wisely about friend’s conflict than about their own, while the differences between the conditions were not significant among interdependent participants.<break/>The results from the two studies indicate that Solomon’s paradox is not universal and may only exist in individuals with high independent self. This study also suggests that we should not only focus on the WEIRD samples but also pay attention to the WEIRD researchers who use these samples to make inferences about humans in general.

Crop Response to Different Mulch Type and Furrow Irrigation Methods in Major Irrigated Areas of Ethiopia: A Review

The paper was focused on reviewing of different documents and research findings from studies conducted on interaction effect of different mulch type and furrow irrigation methods on different crop types on major irrigated area of the country. The coverage of the research findings conducted on mulch type and furrow irrigation method was between 2010 and 2021. Approaches followed on reviewing the papers on different mulch type and furrow irrigation methods were through reviewing journals from websites and research output reports. On this paper review, achievements of different mulch type for different furrow irrigation under diverse agro-ecologies are highlighted based on the current knowledge from available sources. Based on different findings the use of plastic mulch type was best option for both crop yield increment and soil moisture conservation .So in current research findings in order to use mulch for crop production purpose was best practice method due to year to year climate change and drought occurrences key solutions to avoid crop yield collapse and failure. Keywords: mulch, furrow irrigation, crop DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/80-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2021

Efficacy of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Orthodontic Pain Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for orthodontic pain control. Materials and Methods: This spilt-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 44 mandibular first molars of 22 orthodontic patients at the Orthodontics Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental University. Elastomeric separators were placed at the mesial and distal of mandibular right and left first molars by separating pliers. Randomly, LIPUS was used at one side for 7 min and the same device with 0-degree intensity was used as sham for the other side on the facial skin. The same procedure was repeated after 24 h. Patients recorded their level of pain at 1, 6, and 24 h, and also on days 2 to 7 after, using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: The effect of type of treatment (P=0.019), time of assessment (P<0.000) and the interaction effect of type of treatment and time of assessment (P=0.055) on the pain score were all significant. The mean pain score in the LIPUS group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 24 h (P=0.002), 4 days (P=0.031) and 5 days (P=0.035). Conclusion: LIPUS can be safely used during orthodontic treatment for pain control since it is safe, non-invasive, low-cost, and easy to use.

Inflamed Mind: Multiple Genetic Variants of IL6 Influence Suicide Risk Phenotypes in Interaction With Early and Recent Adversities in a Linkage Disequilibrium-Based Clumping Analysis.

Background: Understanding and predicting suicide remains a challenge, and a recent paradigm shift regarding the complex relationship between the immune system and the brain brought attention to the involvement of inflammation in neuropsychiatric conditions including suicide. Among cytokines, IL-6 has been most frequently implicated in suicide, yet only a few candidate gene studies and without considering the effect of stress investigated the role of IL6 in suicidal behaviour. Our study aimed to investigate the association of IL6 variation with a linkage disequilibrium-based clumping method in interaction with childhood adversities and recent stress on manifestations along the suicide spectrum.Methods: One thousand seven hundred and sixty-two participants provided information on previous suicide attempts, current suicidal ideation, thoughts of death, and hopelessness, and were genotyped for 186 variants in IL6. Early childhood adversities were recorded with an instrument adapted from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, recent life events were registered using the List of Threatening Life Events. Following a 3-step quality control, logistic and linear regression models were run to explore the effect of genotype and gene-environment interactions on suicide phenotypes. All regression models were followed by a clumping process based on empirical estimates of linkage disequilibrium between clumps of intercorrelated SNPs. Interaction effects of distinct types of recent life events were also analysed.Results: No clumps with significant main effects emerged, but we identified several clumps significantly interacting with childhood adversities on lifetime suicide attempts, current suicidal ideation, and current thoughts of death. We also identified clumps significantly interacting with recent negative life events on current suicidal ideation. We reported no clumps with significant effect on hopelessness either as a main effect or in interaction with childhood adversities or recent stress.Conclusion: We identified variant clumps in IL6 influencing suicidal behaviour, but only in interaction with childhood or recent adversities. Our results may bring us a step further in understanding the role of neuroinflammation and specifically of IL-6 in suicide, towards identifying novel biological markers of suicidal behaviour especially in those exposed to stressful experiences, and to fostering the adaptation of a new paradigm and identifying novel approaches and targets in the treatment of suicidal behaviour.

Sharing on Facebook and Face-to-Face What Others Do or Approve: Word-of-Mouth Driven by Social Norms.

Information sharing on social media [i.e., electronic word-of-mouth, (eWOM) and face-to-face word-of-mouth (fWOM)] plays an important role in message dissemination. This study investigates the effectiveness of group norms in motivating eWOM and fWOM. Drawing upon the psychological distance and construal level literature, this study tests the impact of group norms, the interaction effect of norms type (descriptive vs. injunctive norms), and the group distance on eWOMand fWOM. Based on one field study and three laboratory experiments, this study finds that normative cues in messages are impactful in driving WOM and the impact becomes especially stronger when the psychological distance of the social group is congruent with that of norms type tied to the group. Specifically, an interaction effect emerges, such as distant (close) group injunctive (descriptive) norms, are more impactful in driving WOM than close (distant) group injunctive (descriptive) norms. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that a close group has greater impacts than distant groups in terms of social influence, this study shows that messages with distant groups are more (or at least equally) likely to be shared than with a close group when tied with injunctive norms. The findings suggest that group norms are perceived to be more relevant when there is a match between the psychological distance of the social group and the norms type tied to the group.

Roles of Temporal Message Framing and Digital Channel Type in Perception and Dissemination of Food Risk Rumors

Now that online media channels have become important sources of risk information, online rumors about risks have become increasingly problematic. Guided by construal level theory and the social-mediated crisis communication model, this study tests direct, mediating, and moderating effects of temporal message frame and digital media channel type on people’s perceptions of food risk rumors and their intentions to share them. An online experiment with a 2 temporal frame (near vs. distant in time) x 2 channel type (web portal vs. social media site) between-subjects design was conducted among 413 Korean adults. Results show that risk perceptions are affected more by the channel on which rumor information is encountered than by the framing of the information. Specifically, rumor messages presumed to appear on social media generated (a) higher perceived susceptibility than those presumed to appear on web portals (main effects) and (b) higher levels of perceived susceptibility in a distant-future frame condition than in a near-future frame condition (conditional moderating effects). Perceived susceptibility also mediated the interaction effects of temporal frame and channel type on intention to share rumor. This study provides theoretical and practical implications for digital media channel effects on risk perceptions and dissemination intention for risk rumors.

Green message strategies and green brand image in a hotel context

ABSTRACT This research investigates the effects of different green (environmental) message types on hotel customers’ green brand image perceptions and behavioral intentions. A 2 (green message abstractness: abstract vs. concrete) x 2 (green message framing: gain vs. loss) between-subject factorial experimental design was utilized for testing the main and interaction effects of message types on green brand image. A two–way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test whether brand image perceptions differed across the levels of green message abstractness and green message framing. PROCESS Model was employed to test the mediating effects of messages on behavioral intentions through green brand image. The findings demonstrated that green message abstractness had a significant main effect on green brand image. green message led to a stronger effect on green brand image than the concrete one. Furthermore, green message abstractness influenced behavior intention indirectly through green brand image. However, green message framing did not yield any significant results for the direct and indirect effects.

Take a Bite! The Effect of Bitten Food in Pictures on Product Attitudes, Purchase Intentions, and Willingness to Pay

Food pictures in advertisements, on packages, and on social media often display food with a bite in it. We investigated the effect of pictures of food with a bite (vs. no bite) on product attitudes, purchase intentions, and willingness to pay. In two online experimental studies we tested this effect for both pictures without context, as well as pictures in an advertisement. We also investigated two theories that could lead to opposite effects: consumer contamination and embodied mental simulation. We found that a picture of food with a bite (vs. no bite) resulted in lower purchase intentions, and that this effect was mediated by disgust (i.e., consumer contamination). Furthermore, we found an interaction effect of picture type (i.e., bite vs. no bite) and context (i.e., no context vs. advertisement) on purchase intentions: the effect of picture type on purchase intentions was attenuated when the picture appeared in an advertisement (vs. when the picture is shown without context). We found similar effects on product attitudes and willingness to pay. Lastly, a picture of food with a bite (vs. no bite) had no effect on embodied mental simulation. Field practitioners are advised to take caution when using pictures of bitten food as this may lead to unfavorable consumer responses because of a feeling if disgust.

Argument Quality and Review Adoption: Interaction Effect of Product and Review Type

Argument quality has become an important variable that promotes consumers’ decision-making based on online reviews. It has two dimensions, perceived informativeness and perceived persuasiveness. Adopting dual-process theory, this study examines the effect of these two dimensions of argument quality on review adoption. Moreover, it investigates whether the relationships between argument quality and review adoption differ based on product type and review type. According to the multi-group analysis result, for attribute-centric reviews, search products have a better fit than experience products in the relationship of perceived informativeness and perceived persuasiveness, also for the relationship of perceived informativeness on review adoption, while experience products have a better fit than search products for the relationship of perceived persuasiveness on review adoption. For benefitcentric reviews, search products and experience products have no significant difference in any of the relationships. Furthermore, the result reveals that perceived persuasiveness mediates perceived informativeness and review adoption. The findings contribute to the understanding of the information adoption model with different review types and product types and help shopping websites develop better strategies for product recommendation reviews.

Laxogenosides Enhance Yield and Quality of Raphanus sativus L. Under Greenhouse Condition

Laxogenoside-C (LG-C) has BRs-likely activity and with higher activity stability. In this study, the LG-C and SsS (the mixture of Laxogenoside-A, -B, and -C; isolated from the Smilax scobinicaulis C.H. Wright) were used to conduct the seeding treatment and greenhouse experiments with different application time and concentrations, to clarify the effect on yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) for development of a new plant growth regulator. The results showed that 10 μM LG-C and SsS increased hypocotyls, elongation and cotyledon weight compared with other treatment. The greenhouse experiments indicated that the interaction effect of plant growth regulator types and application time was significant for all parameters except for phosphorus content. An application of LG-C or SsS produced a higher yield than multiple times. Compared with T0 treatment, LG-C and SsS sprayed at root enlargement (T4) increased yield by 25.33% and 24.10%, respectively. T4 treatment of LG-C produced the highest yield and free amino acid and phosphorus, but the other parameters not. T4 treatment of SsS not only had the highest yield and water-soluble carbohydrates and water-soluble protein but also improved the other radish quality. In conclusion, this study indicated that the application of SsS at root enlargement with 10 μM improved radish root tubers yield and quality.

The moderating effect of organizational culture type on the relationship between cultural satisfaction and employee referral intention: mining employee reviews on glassdoor.com

PurposeThis paper explores how organizational culture type and cultural satisfaction are associated with employee referral intention.Design/methodology/approachA total of 1,789 online reviews on glassdoor.com of nine companies from the three industries were collected. Applying directed content analysis based on the competing values framework (CVF) to identify the organizational culture type that employees perceived, the authors conducted a hierarchical logistic regression analysis to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsCultural satisfaction significantly increased the probability of employee referral intention. However, the moderating effect of organizational culture type on the relationship between cultural satisfaction and employee referral intention was not statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsDirect content analysis is beneficial for capturing the dominant organizational culture type that employees perceive through online reviews created by employees. However, this method prevents this study from fully enjoying the benefits of big data even though this study collected data from a big data source.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings imply that cultural satisfaction plays a more important role in organizational outcomes than culture type itself. Thus, when managers and practitioners plan to change culture, they need to establish organizational culture aligned with organizational strategies and consider how to increase cultural satisfaction.Originality/valueMany organizational culture studies have usually focused on exploring organizational culture type to impact organizational outcomes considering culture perception as cultural satisfaction. This study created empirical evidence of the role of cultural satisfaction in organizational outcomes such as employee referral intention by exploring the interaction effect of organizational culture type and cultural satisfaction.

Analysing the Moderating Effects of Product Involvement and Endorsement Type on Consumer Buying Behaviour: An Empirical Study on Youth Perspective

As Indian youths have more choices than ever before and purchase products that define them, it becomes necessary for marketers and companies to explore youth behavioural responses. Film celebrities, sports icons, and fictional celebrities influence youths through their status and achievements. Celebrity influence on youth is four times more than their influence on the baby boomer generation, and youthful shoppers evaluate ads more than grown-ups do. Given the battle between celebrity and Mascot for brand endorsement, marketers have an increased interest in examining the differential effect of endorsers and product involvement’s potent effects on youth attitude and purchase intentions. This study has used an experimental design to assess the advertisement effectiveness. The endorser has three levels (i.e. Bollywood celebrity, sports celebrity and mascot) and product involvement had two levels (low vs high involvement, non-food products). Product involvement was used as a moderating variable and was found to enhance the impact of endorsements. The current research also assessed the interaction effect of endorsement and product involvement. This study was conducted on undergraduate and postgraduate students and has used six print ads. The study’s findings revealed that all the paths from endorsement type and product involvement to AaD, AB and PI are found significant. The interaction effects of endorsement type and product involvement significantly predict attitude towards the brand and purchase intentions. The outcomes of this study add value to the body of knowledge and discuss managerial implications.

Can leisure crafting enhance leisure engagement? The role of time structure and leisure type

ABSTRACT The concept of engagement has been widely investigated in various fields. However, few studies have addressed the antecedents of leisure engagement. This study defined leisure engagement as a positive mental state of vigour, dedication, and absorption related to leisure activities. Two antecedents were considered, namely leisure crafting and time structure. Leisure crafting refers to individuals’ active pursuit of goal setting, human connection, learning, and personal development related to leisure activities. Time structure refers to the degree to which individuals perceive their leisure time use to be structured and purposive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of leisure crafting and time structure on leisure engagement as well as examining the interaction effects of time structure and leisure type. Survey data collected from 360 individuals demonstrated that leisure crafting positively affects leisure engagement. A high level of time structure also positively influences leisure engagement. Furthermore, time structure positively enhances the effect of leisure crafting on leisure engagement. This study contributes to the literature by revealing that leisure crafting and time structure are crucial antecedents of leisure engagement, and by emphasising the contingent role of time structure. Finally, managerial implications and suggestions for future work are discussed.

EFFECT OF IMPROVISED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON CHEMISTRY STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC RETENTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

This study investigated the effect of improvised instructional materials on chemistry students’ academic retention in secondary school. It covered the topics; acids, bases and acid- base reactions. Two research questions and two hypotheses were used to guide the study, relevant literatures were also reviewed. The study was carried out in Awka education zone in Anambra State. The population of the study consists of 8,583 SS1 chemistry students in the zone. The sample size for the study comprised of 192 SS1 chemistry students. The study adopted quasi-experimental design. Four purposively selected co-educational schools were used for the study of which students of chemistry in two schools were assigned to experimental group which received treatment of involvement in teaching chemistry using improvised instructional materials and the other two schools were assigned to control group which were taught using standard instructional materials. Twenty- five (25) Chemistry retention test (CRT) was used as the instrument. The instrument was validated by expert in science education department and educational foundation. CRT reliability was established using Kudar Richardson 20 (KR-20) which yielded reliability coefficient of 0.81. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that, students taught chemistry with improvised instructional materials significantly achieved more than those taught with standard instructional materials. Also, there was high knowledge retention on the experimental group than the control group. There was no interaction effect of gender and type of instructional materials on students’ retention in chemistry. It was recommended that teachers in the teaching field should be trained on the skills of the use of improvised instructional materials. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the use of improvised instructional materials in teaching of chemistry improve the academic retention of students in chemistry.

Thermal Stability and Monomer Elution of Bulk Fill Composite Resins Cured from Different Irradiation Distances.

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the thermal stability and monomer elution of bulk fill composite resins cured at different irradiation distances. Materials and Methods: Forty cylindrical-shaped (3×4mm) specimens were fabricated from two composite resins (X-tra fil, X-tra base) and cured from 0 and 7mm distances. In 9 specimens, the degree of conversion was determined by the release of monomers. For this purpose, after curing of composites, they were immersed in 5 mL of 99.9% methanol and stored at 37°C for 24h. The eluted monomer was then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Also, thermal stability of one sample from each group was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at a rate of 10°C/min. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (P<0.05). Results: X-tra fil had significantly higher degree of conversion than X-tra base (P=0.001). Specimens cured at 7mm distance had significantly lower degree of conversion compared with those cured at 0 mm distance (P=0.001). The interaction effect of composite type and distance of light curing unit from the surface of samples was statistically significant (P=0.001). Regarding the TGA results, the lowest and the highest percentages of weight loss were detected in X-tra fil cured at 0 mm distance and X-tra base cured at 7mm distance, respectively. Conclusion: X-tra fil composite cured at 0mm distance had the highest degree of conversion and thermal stability, and X-tra base composite cured at 7mm distance had the lowest values.

Differences in the attitudes to sport psychology consulting between individual and team sport athletes

BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to investigate how an athlete’s participation in either an individual or team sport is related to their attitude toward sport psychology consulting and their willingness to consult a sport psychology practitioner.MethodThe Sport Psychology Attitudes-Revised form (SPA-R) (Martin, et al., Sport Psychol 16:272-90, 2020) was completed by 120 athletes from individual and team sports. A 2 (Type of sport: individual and team) × 2 (Gender) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with attitudes towards sport psychology as dependent variables. To identify attitudes that accentuated the differences related to type of sport, follow-up univariate analyses were performed.ResultsResults revealed that overall athletes involved in individual sports reported more positive attitudes towards sport psychology consulting than athletes involved in team sports. In particular, the athletes involved in individual sports were more likely to have greater confidence in sport psychology consulting. The findings also show that gender may mediate this association, indicated by a nearly significant two-way interaction effect for gender and type of sport (individual versus team) regarding confidence in sport psychology. The source of this marginal result was a larger effect of sport type for females than for males.ConclusionsThe findings of this study imply that athletes involved in individual sports are more likely to have positive attitudes towards sport psychology compared to athletes competing in team-based sports, with females more likely to view sport psychology positively than compared to their male counterparts. The results may go some way to assist sport psychologists to understand and address athletes’ concerns and to improve receptivity to sport psychology services.

Esports Spectating Motives and Streaming Consumption: Moderating Effect of Game Genres and Live-Streaming Types

Previous studies have paid little attention to spectators’ consumption behaviors and motives for watching different types of esports live-streaming and game genres. This study, therefore, investigates spectator motives and consumption behaviors based on the interaction effects of live-streaming types and game genres. Convenience sampling was conducted to collect 312 responses from Taiwanese individuals via the Professional Technology Temple. The measurement tools include the motivation scale for sport consumption, esports streaming consumption behaviors, and two moderators (i.e., game genres and live-streaming types). The moderating effects were examined using the PROCESS macro. The results showed that esports spectating motives and consumption behaviors are determined by different types of live-streaming and game genres. A matrix of esports spectator segments was developed to illustrate the findings and managerial implications. The study’s findings broaden our understanding of esports consumption behaviors and can contribute to the fast-growing esports marketing literature. In addition, the results are expected to help practitioners better segment their consumer groups to develop more tailored marketing programs.

Towards a Sustainable News Business: Understanding Readers’ Perceptions of Algorithm-Generated News Based on Cultural Conditioning

The use of algorithms is beginning to replace human activities in the news business, and the presence of this technique will only continue to grow. The ways in which public news readers perceive the quality of news articles written by algorithms and how this perception differs based on cultural conditioning remain issues of debate. Informed by the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) and the similarity-attraction theory, we attempted to answer these questions by conducting a three-way one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a 2 (author: algorithm vs. human journalist) × 2 (media: traditional media vs. online media) × 2 (cultural background: the US vs. South Korea) between-subjects experiment (N = 360). Our findings revealed that participants perceived the quality of news articles written by algorithms to be higher than those written by human journalists. We also found that when news consumption occurs online, algorithm-generated news tends to be rated higher than human-written news in terms of quality perception. Further, we identified a three-way interaction effect of media types, authors, and cultural backgrounds on the quality perception of news articles. As, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to theoretically examine how news readers perceive algorithm-generated news from a cultural point of view, our research findings may hold important theoretical and practical implications.

Digital food marketing to children: How an influencer's lifestyle can stimulate healthy food choices among children

While influencer marketing has been shown to be effective at promoting food low in nutritional value among children, it is less clear whether influencers can also be used to promote healthy nutrition. This article reports on the results of an experimental study on whether and how influencer marketing on Instagram can be deployed to stimulate healthy eating behavior among children. In particular, the study examines whether signaling a healthy, athletic lifestyle can affect children's healthy snack choice (i.e., choice of a snack high in nutritional value). To do so, a two (influencer lifestyle: sedentary versus athletic) by two (snack type: low in nutritional value versus high in nutritional value) between-subjects experiment was conducted among 190 children between eight and 12 years. The results show that promoting a sedentary lifestyle (compared to an athletic lifestyle) resulted in more children choosing the product high in nutritional value. In addition, the children chose a healthy snack more frequently when an influencer portraying a sedentary lifestyle (compared to an athletic lifestyle) promoted a product low in nutritional value. There were no significant interaction effects of influencer lifestyle and snack type on the evaluation of the influencer. However, the study did show that there was less admiration for the influencer when they portrayed a sedentary lifestyle versus an athletic lifestyle.