Interactive Behavior Research Articles

Exploring the Influencing Factors of Chinese EFL Learners' Online Interactive Learning

Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ interactive learning in an online learning context. The objectives were to identify these factors, understand their mechanisms, and develop a theoretical model that encompasses these elements. Methods: The research employed a grounded theory approach to analyze interactive data from the discussion forums of the Course of College English on China university Massive Open Online Courses platform. Data were collected from 3,279 learners during the Fall 2023 semester. The analysis proceeded through open coding, axial coding and selective coding to identify and categorize the influencing factors. Results: The study identified six main categories: learner characteristics, curriculum structure, teaching competence, expected outcomes, interactive behaviors, and online learning context. These categories were found to be dynamically interconnected, collectively shaping learners’ interactive behaviors and overall learning experiences. The core category, “EFL online interactive learning”, unified all these elements, highlighting the multifaceted nature of effective EFL online education. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay between various factors in the EFL online learning environment. The developed theoretical model provides a comprehensive framework for enhancing EFL online education by addressing learner needs, improving curriculum design, and ensuring robust teaching and technological support. These insights offer valuable implications for educators and policymakers aiming to improve online EFL learning outcomes.

Team interaction behaviors correlates with team creativity among nursing students: Canonical correlation and moderation analyses

BackgroundPrior studies have indicated team members’ interaction behaviors may predict creativity among nursing students.MethodsThis study investigated the correlation between interaction behaviors and creativity, both individual- and team-level, among nursing students. In this cross-sectional quantitative study, data were obtained from self-reported questionnaires. Individual creativity was assessed using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking scale; the perceived team interaction behavior and team creativity were assessed using validated instruments. Canonical correlation analysis was conducted to determine the overall correlation between interaction behaviors, and creativity, and the moderating effect of female proportion dominance was also examined.ResultsA total of 164 nursing students (84.1% female) arranged into 14 teams were included in this study. Canonical correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between interaction behaviors and creativity (correlation = 0.88). All dimensions of interactive behaviors were positively related to creativity dimensions. A stronger correlation to team creativity (correlation = 1) was found compared to individual creativity (correlation = 0.07). This study demonstrated that individual interactive behaviors including spontaneous communication and helping behavior predicted high team creativity.ConclusionsThis insight may be valuable for nursing education programs seeking to foster creativity and effective teamwork. The potential moderating effect of female proportions on team interaction behaviors and creativity should be investigated further.

Early, typical, and late talkers: an exploratory study on predictors of language development in the first two years of life.

The consensus in scientific literature is that each child undergoes a unique linguistic development path, albeit with shared developmental stages. Some children excel or lag behind their peers in language skills. Consequently, a key challenge in language acquisition research is pinpointing factors influencing individual differences in language development. We observed children longitudinally from 3 to 24 months of life to explore early predictors of vocabulary size. Based on the productive vocabulary size of children at 24 months, 30 children met our sample selection criteria: 10 late talkers and 10 early talkers, and we compared them with 10 typical talkers. We evaluated interactive behaviors at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, considering vocal production, gaze at mother's face, and gestural production during mother-child interactions, and we considered mothers' report of children's actions and gestures and receptive-vocabulary size at 15 and 18 months. Results indicated early precursors of language outcome at 24 months identifiable as early as 3 months in vocal productions, 6 months for gaze at mother's face and 12 months for gestural productions. Our research highlights both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, identifying the early indicators of belonging to the group of late or early talkers underscores the significant role of this developmental period for future studies. On a practical note, our findings emphasize the crucial need for early investigations to identify predictors of vocabulary development before the typical age at which lexical delay is identified.

The Effect of Nonlinear Sloshing Response of Water on Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Elevated Water Tanks

In this study, the fluid-structure interactive behavior by using the Westergaard approach and the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method of a 1000 m3 reinforced concrete (RC) elevated water tank under different seismic activities i.e., Kocaeli, Van, Kahramanmaraş and Kobe earthquakes was investigated. In the SPH method, the resulting hydrodynamic pressures were applied to the interior of the wall of the structure as an external force which is made as mass additions to the tank walls in Westergaard approach. With the help of software developed, the load carrying system of the elevated water tank was modeled using the MATLAB Partial Differential Equation Toolbox (PDE) software, based on the finite element method, and its verification was made by comparing with ANSYS software model. Dynamic condensation method was used to perform time history analyses for the cited earthquakes. The time-dependent solutions of partial differential equations are solved with the help of ODE45 functions based on Runge-Kutta method, by arranging the equation of motion in state-space format. The cited tank was analyzed linearly under different seismic activities for empty, half-filled (50%) and full-filled (100%) cases and the obtained results were compared with each other. It has been concluded that considering nonlinear behavior of the fluid during the earthquake with the SPH method provided consistency with the real behavior of RC elevated water tanks and gave more realistic results than the traditional Westergaard approach.

Virtual Reality Environmental Enrichment Effects on Craving for Cigarette in Smokers.

Background: Preclinical studies suggested the exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) as an intervention able to prevent or reduce nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behaviors. Virtual reality (VR) may help to test the effects of EE in smokers in a reproducible and feasible manner. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 31 smokers (14 women) were divided into two groups: (1) exposure to a virtual EE (VR-EE) and (2) exposure to a virtual neutral environment (VR-NoEE). Cigarette craving was assessed as basal and evoked, at different timepoints during the session. Behavior activity during VR exposure, mood, and subjective measures were also collected. Results: EE exposure in VR significantly reduced craving scores from basal timepoint. This was not observed in the VR-NoEE group, which significantly increased craving compared with values at neutral scenario. When both groups were exposed to smoking-related VR scenario, the VR-EE group showed an increased craving compared with previous timepoint up to score values not different from those in the VR-NoEE group. A significant positive correlation between basal craving scores and interactive behavior with virtual smoking cues was observed in the VR-NoEE but not in the VR-EE group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that virtual EE might have an inhibitory effect in smokers on basal, but not on evoked cigarette craving. Noteworthily, the interactive activity correlation to craving scores in the VR-NoEE participants was not observed in the VR-EE group, adding further evidence that the enrichment simulation was nonetheless able to modify behavior in the smoking-related scenario.

Interactive buckling behaviour of Q420–Q960 steel welded thin-walled H-section long column

Considering the broad application prospect of high-strength steel (HSS) in engineering structure, and the limitations present in existing studies on interactive buckling of HSS welded thin-walled box-section long column, both test and finite element analysis were employed to investigate the interactive buckling behavior exhibited by 12 specimens fabricated from Q420–Q960 steels. The detailed analysis considered various aspects, including the failure mode, axial deformation, interaction of local and overall buckling deformation, and the ultimate bearing capacity. Observations revealed that the utilization rate of steel strength diminished with an escalation in both the plate width–thickness ratio and steel strength. An increase in the plate width–thickness ratio correlated with an earlier onset of local buckling, and the influence of steel strength was found to be negligible. More importantly, the limit of the plate width–thickness ratio for columns undergoing interactive buckling increased with a rise in column slenderness and decreased with an increase in steel strength. Taking into account the influence of column slenderness and steel strength, a novel calculation formula for determining the limit of the plate width–thickness ratio was derived. It is noteworthy that Eurocode 3 and JGJ/T 483–2020 were found too conservative for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity, while ANSI/AISC 360–22 was found suitable. Additionally, a calculation method for the ultimate bearing capacity of Q420–Q960 steel welded thin-walled H-section long column was proposed based on the direct strength method.

Relationship between maternal biological features, environmental factors, and newborn neuromotor development associated with visual fixation abilities

Newborn visual fixation abilities predict future cognitive, perceptive, and motor skills. However, little is known about the factors associated with the newborn visual fixation, which is an indicator of neurocognitive abilities. We analyzed maternal biological and environmental characteristics associated with fine motor skills (visual tracking) in 1 month old infants. Fifty-one infants were tested on visual tracking tasks (Infant Visuomotor Behavior Assessment Scale/ Guide for the Assessment of Visual Ability in Infants) and classified according to visual conducts scores. Differences between groups were compared considering motor development (Alberta Infant Motor Scale) maternal mental health (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale); home environment (Affordances in the Home Environment for Development Scale); maternal care (Coding Interactive Behavior); breastmilk composition (total fatty acids, proteins, and cortisol); and maternal metabolic profile (serum hormones and interleukins). Mothers of infants with lower visual fixation scores had higher levels of protein in breastmilk at 3 months. Mothers of infants with better visual conduct scores had higher serum levels of T4 (at 1 month) and prolactin (at 3 months). There were no associations between visual ability and motor development, home environment, or maternal care. Early newborn neuromotor development, especially visual and fine motor skills, is associated with maternal biological characteristics (metabolic factors and breastmilk composition), highlighting the importance of early detection of maternal metabolic changes for the healthy neurodevelopment of newborns.

Quantifying social roles in multi-animal videos using subject-aware deep-learning.

Analyzing social behaviors is critical for many fields, including neuroscience, psychology, and ecology. While computational tools have been developed to analyze videos containing animals engaging in limited social interactions under specific experimental conditions, automated identification of the social roles of freely moving individuals in a multi-animal group remains unresolved. Here we describe a deep-learning-based system - named LabGym2 - for identifying and quantifying social roles in multi-animal groups. This system uses a subject-aware approach: it evaluates the behavioral state of every individual in a group of two or more animals while factoring in its social and environmental surroundings. We demonstrate the performance of subject-aware deep-learning in different species and assays, from partner preference in freely-moving insects to primate social interactions in the field. Our subject-aware deep learning approach provides a controllable, interpretable, and efficient framework to enable new experimental paradigms and systematic evaluation of interactive behavior in individuals identified within a group.

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE TOURISM INTERACTION BEHAVIOR ON VALUE CO-CREATION

This article is dedicated to an in-depth analysis of how interest rate adjustments in the financial sector reflect subtle changes in macroeconomic policies and reveal the complex motivations behind the behavior of market participants. With qualitative research methods, we carefully examined the launch of China's inter-bank lending market in 1996, the removal of the deposit interest rate ceiling in 2015, and the comprehensive reform of the loan market interest rate quotation mechanism in 2019. This study examined the intrinsic connections between interactive behavior, experiential value, and value co-creation in the field of industrial heritage tourism, specifically focusing on the moderating role of cultural identity. The study used research methods like structural equation modeling to confirm that interactive behavior has a significant positive effect on value co-creation. It also found that cultural identity positively moderates the relationship between experiential value and value co-creation. These findings not only enrich relevant theories but also provide practical guidance for the development of industrial heritage tourism. The results indicate that industrial heritage tourism destinations should prioritize interactive experiences for visitors, design interactive activities that cater to diverse experiential needs, and enhance visitors' sense of identity with industrial heritage culture to facilitate value co-creation and promote sustainable development in industrial heritage tourism.

A High‐Performance Coupled Human And Natural Systems (CHANS) Model for Flood Risk Assessment and Reduction

AbstractIn recent years, flood risk in urban areas has been rapidly increasing due to unsustainable urban development, changes of hydrological processes and frequent occurrence of extreme weather events. Flood risk assessment should realistically take into account the complex interactions between human and natural systems to better inform risk management and improve resilience. In this study, we propose a novel Coupled Human And Natural Systems (CHANS) modeling framework to capture the intricate interactive human behaviors and flooding process at a high spatial resolution. The new CHANS modeling framework integrates a high‐performance hydrodynamic model with an agent‐based model to simulate the complex responses of individual households to the evolving flood conditions, leveraging the computing power of graphics processing units (GPUs) to achieve real‐time simulation. The framework is applied to reproduce the 2015 Desmond flood in the 2,500 km2 Eden Catchment in England, demonstrating its ability to predict interactive flood‐human dynamics and assess flood impact at the household‐level. The study also further explores the effectiveness of different flood risk management strategies, including the provision of early warning and distribution of sandbags, in mitigating flood impact. The new CHANS model potentially provides a useful tool for understanding short‐term human behaviors and their impact on flood risk during a flood event, which is important for the development of effective disaster risk management plans.

Edge-based strategies enhance cooperation in intertwined dynamics of cooperation and synchronization

In various ecosystems and human societies, living organisms and systems often exhibit cooperative and synchronous behaviors during survival. Recently, co-evolutionary models of cooperation and synchronization have shed light on the underlying mechanisms driving such behaviors, offering an intriguing avenue for studying these phenomena. However, current research predominantly focuses on a point-strategy decision mode, where each individual is limited to taking the same actions towards its neighbors. Such an assumption implies that an individual is unable to differentiate its neighbors and adjust its strategy accordingly, making it difficult to capture the complexity and diversity of interactive behaviors observed in reality. To this end, we introduce the interaction mode based on the edge-strategy and investigate how synchronization and cooperation co-evolve under interaction diversity. Specifically, we explore a scenario in which individuals can adopt different strategic decisions toward their neighbors based on their differences, thereby extending the traditional point strategy. Our research clarifies the positive role of interaction diversity in alleviating the evolutionary Kuramoto’s dilemma. Moreover, it provides new insights and ideas for comprehending the influence of edge-strategy on the co-evolution of cooperative and synchronous behaviors.

Early Parenting Interventions to Enhance Development in Infants and Children Born Prematurely: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Parenting interventions have the potential to become effective strategies for improving the developmental trajectories of infants and children born prematurely. However, the effectiveness of parenting interventions is not well understood. A literature search was conducted in five databases. A total of 24 studies involving 3,636 participants were included for review. The results showed a significant effect in cognition, language, motor development, and behavioral problems of children born prematurely. Parenting stress, anxiety, and interactive behaviors showed significant effect size. This review focuses on interventions that employ scaffolding parenting strategies to enhance the development of children born prematurely. Efforts should continue to empower parents through effective and sustainable parenting interventions to improve the quality of life of preterm children.

The Image of Cruise Tourism is Dislocated and Regulated from the Perspective of Tourism Gaze Based on the Differentiation and Harmony of OGC and TGC Images

Tourist gaze is an interactive two-way behavior of observation and experience. From this theoretical perspective, based on the coding analysis of occupation-generated content (OGC) and tourist-generated content (TGC), this paper studies the differentiation and harmony of cruise ships in the South China Sea, explores their image dislocation and proposes regulatory measures. The results show that in the emotional dimension, positive emotions are the main proportion of the two evaluations, showing a trend of positive> neutral > negative. In terms of the objects of concern, both can be divided into five dimensions: cruise services, cruise companies, cruise products, shore tourism and operation management. In terms of image dislocation, firstly, in terms of advertorial vocabulary, OGC tends to standardize objective presentations, and the richness and emotional color of words are weak; Secondly, in terms of focusing on dimensions, OGC pays more attention to showing the high-quality tourism resources and feelings of family and country of Nanhai Cruises, and the communication content is more diversified and the communication structure is more stable. TGC is more inclined to show the main role of "people" in the process of conveying the cruise tourism experience in the South China Sea, focusing on cruise catering, cruise accommodation, cruise service and operation management. Finally, combined with the IPA model, relevant control measures are put forward for the image dislocation of cruise ships in the South China Sea from four aspects: the continuation area, the oversupply area, the opportunity development area and the key improvement area.

Graphene Sterically-Wrapped textile piezoresistive Sensors: A spray coating path for synergistically advancing sensitivity and response range

Trade-off between a high sensitivity and a broad sensing range remains a persistent challenge for flexible pressure sensors. Not to suffer from this dilemma, a flexible textile piezoresistive sensor sterically-wrapped with graphene by spray coating is reported, which constructs enriched three-dimensional conductive networks from leather fabric’s inherent fibers and pore structures, synergistically advancing the sensitivity and response range. Such a sensor renders bulky spatial deformation and augmented pressure-induced conducting paths, and hence affords an ultra-high sensitivity of 259.6 kPa−1(0–100 kPa) and an exceptional response range of up to 1 MPa. Besides, the graphene/textile sensor demonstrates outstanding durability (>12000 cycles). With these advantages, real-time monitoring of human physiological activities such as wrist pulses and throat swallowing is successfully achieved. Benefitting from the scalability of the spraying methodology, a large-size 45 × 45 cm2 sensing array with a 32 × 32 matrix is facilely fabricated to map the spatial pressure of human interactive behaviors for ergonomics. And smart insoles incorporating graphene/textile sensors can capture plantar pressure distribution and provide effective analysis for diverse static/dynamic movements of feet. Such spray-coated textile sensors could not only find potential applications in wearable electronics and intelligent robotics, but also open the possibility of monitoring complex heavy machinery and large-scale infrastructures.

ECAPA-TDNN based online discussion activity-level evaluation

With the continuous development and application of online interactive activities and network transmission technology, online interactive behaviors such as online discussion meetings and online teaching have become indispensable in people’s studies and work. However, the effectiveness of working with online discussions and feedback from participants on their conference performance has been a major concern, and this is the issue examined in this post. Based on the above issues, this paper designs an online discussion activity-level evaluation system based on voiceprint recognition technology. The application system developed in this project is divided into two parts; the first part is to segment the online discussion audio into multiple independent audio segments by audio segmentation technology and train the voiceprint recognition model to predict the speaker’s identity in each separate audio component. In the second part, we propose a linear normalized online meeting activity-level calculation model based on the modified main indexes by traversing and counting each participant’s speaking frequency and total speaking time as the main indexes for activity-level evaluation. To make the evaluation results more objective, reasonable, and distinguishable, the activity score of each participant is calculated, and each participant’s activity-level in the discussion meeting is derived by combining the fuzzy membership function. To test the system’s performance, we designed an experiment with 25 participants in an online discussion meeting, with two assistants manually recording the discussion and a host moderating the meeting. The results of the experiment showed that the system’s evaluation results matched those recorded by the two assistants. The system can fulfill the task of distinguishing the level of activity of participants in online discussions.

British Conversation is Changing: Resonance and Engagement in the BNC1994 and the BNC2014

Abstract This applied study assesses the degree to which speakers re-use and acknowledge parts of one another’s utterances. This form of alignment is called resonance (DuBois 2014; Tantucci and Wang 2021), and is a decisive indicator of creativity and verbal engagement. Consistent absence of resonance indicates interactional detachment, which is distinctive of autistic speech (Tantucci and Wang 2023). We analysed resonance in naturalistic interaction among British speakers in the demographically sampled sections of the British National Corpora of English: the BNC1994 and the BNC2014. We controlled for creativity, age, class, gender, context, dialect, and intra-generational speech for 1,600 turns of informal speech. We discovered that upper-class people from the corporate world and neighbouring sectors mutually resonated much more in 2014 than they used to in 1994. This may be due to the dramatic change in corporate and institutional communication in the 2000s, involving a new turn towards corporate social responsibility, participatory frameworks in higher education, and the enactment of ideologies such as inclusivity, engagement, and equality in higher social grades of British society. This plausibly affected not only the system of values of those communities but also their interactional behaviour, now increasingly geared towards overt acknowledgement of other people’s talk.

Investigation of the Relationship between Prosocial and Play Behaviors of 60-72 Months-Old Children Attending Preschool Education

This study was conducted to examine the prosocial behaviours and play behaviours of 60-72-month-old children attending preschool education and the relationship between these behaviours. For this purpose, the research was designed by adopting the correlational survey model. The sample of the study consisted of 300 children aged 60-72 months attending kindergartens in Turkey in the 2021-2022 academic year. "Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale-Teacher Form" and "Preschool Prosocial Behaviour Scale" were used in the study. It was determined that peer play behaviours differed statistically according to the variables of gender, age, parental education level, parental occupation, number of siblings, family income status and previous preschool education. Upon analyzing the prosocial skills of the children participating in the study, it was found that prosocial skills showed a statistically significant difference according to the variables of gender and previous pre-school education, but did not show a statistically significant difference according to the variables of age, parents' education level, parents' occupation, number of siblings and family income status. Another result of the study was that there was a positive relationship between children's prosocial behaviours and play interaction behaviours and a negative relationship between children's play disruptive behaviours.

An Interaction-Design Method Based upon a Modified Algorithm of Newton's Second Law of Motion

Newton's Second Law of Motion algorithm is crucial to interactive visual effects and interactive behavior in interface design. Designers can only utilize simple algorithm templates in interface design since they lack organized mathematical science, especially programming. Directly using Newton's Second Law of Motion algorithm introduces two interface design issues. First, the created picture has a simplistic impact, laborious interaction, too few interactive parts, and boring visual effects. Second, using this novel approach directly to interface design reduces creativity, originality, and cognitive inertia. This study suggests a Newton's Second Law–based algorithm modification. It provides a novel algorithm application idea and a design strategy based on algorithm change to enable new interface design. Algorithm design gives interface design a new viewpoint and improves content production. In the arithmetic process of Newton's Second Law of Motion algorithm, the introduction of repulsive force, reset force, shape, color, and other attributes of interactive objects, and the integration of other algorithms to transform its basic arithmetic logic, is conducive to the improvement of the visual effect of interaction design. It also improves users’ interaction experiences, sentiments, and desire to participate with design work.

Out-of-plane interactive behavior and design of novel T-hooked buckling-restrained steel plate shear walls

To eliminate the use of a large number of connecting bolts for the cover panels in conventional buckling-restrained steel plate shear walls (BRSPSWs), T-hooked BRSPSW was proposed by using T-sectional stiffeners for restraining the out-of-plane deformation of the cover panels. With larger-sized flexural cover panels that provide confinement effects to the infilled steel plate, the out-of-plane interactive behavior between the infilled steel plate and each cover panel is greatly concerned for safe designs of the T-hooked BRSPSW. In this paper, a refined finite element (FE) model was established for evaluating the out-of-plane restraining effects in the T-hooked BRSPSW. The key parameters affecting the high-order buckling modes of the infilled steel plate were analyzed. The average spacing between adjacent buckling half-waves varied from 0.15 to 0.7 times the height of the steel sub-plate across common parameter ranges. Furthermore, a formula that estimates the total extrusion force produced by the buckled steel plate was corrected. By simplifying the cover panels into one-way flexural plates under uniform force, a flexural moment amplification coefficient in the range of 1.11 − 9.74 was defined to consider the difference between the actual strip-shaped interaction forces and the simplified model. Finally, a formula to calculate the bending moment of cover panels was proposed to safely design the T-hooked BRSPSWs.

Improving consensus in social network group decision-making: Emphasizing overlapping subgroups and interactive behaviors

The multilevel nature of social networks and the multiple identities of decision makers (DMs) have led to the co-existence of overlapping and non-overlapping subgroups in social network group decision-making. This paper focuses on three issues in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment in this situation. Firstly, some unknown trust relationships exist between DMs belonging to different subgroups. Secondly, interactions between DMs and subgroups affect the final consensus result. Thirdly, opinions of DMs belonging to multiple subgroups simultaneously (i.e., key DMs) affect the opinions of these overlapping subgroups to varying degrees. To address the first issue, a trust propagation operator considering trust influence and trust decay is proposed to estimate the trust values between DMs belonging to different subgroups. To solve the second issue, we describe interactions within and between subgroups by factors such as trust value and overlapping level. To manage the third issue, we introduce the Choquet integral to gather opinions and construct an interactive behavior-driven hierarchical consensus model to obtain the group opinion for the non-additive interactions between DMs and subgroups. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the method are verified through illustrative examples and comparisons.