Intertextual Relations Research Articles

Secondary text and its features in E. P. Rostopchina's "Chatsky's Return to Moscow...."

The purpose of the study: to consider the relationship between the secondary and the original literary work at the level of images of heroes, storylines, and text; to determine the features of dialogic in books, as well as to identify similar features of the original and secondary works, as well as to establish differences between them. The subject of the study is the artistic techniques of aging of continuation texts, identified on the basis of a dialogical text of the Russian writer of the XIX century E.P. Rastopchina. The method used was the analysis of the texts of the original and secondary works using the classification of intertextual interactions by Gerard Genette to identify connections based on excerpts from texts. This side of Evdokia Petrovna Rostopchina's creativity has been little studied not only in Russia and China but also around the world. Studying this sphere allows us to explore the phenomenon of dialogicity and thereby opens up new opportunities for studying the theoretical basis in this direction. The analysis of the play "Chatsky's Return to Moscow" shows that it is characterized by close intertextual ties with the primary work. In addition, the "Note from the author" in Rostopchina's play creates a paratextual connection between the two works. It is also possible to trace architexturally in the texts. At the same time, it is important to note that for these works it is the least obvious kind of intertextual relationship, and even the genre of the original and the continuation is defined differently by the authors. Nevertheless, both in the original and in the secondary work there are elements of a comedy of intrigue and a sitcom. This gives reason to talk about architextual intertextual connections. And finally, the conducted research of the works allows us to say about the presence of hypertextual connections, which are noticeable due to close paratextual and intertextual relations.

Analisis Puisi “Aku Mencintaimu Diam-Diam” Karya Anwar Maulana

Poetry is a form of fiction that contains an implied meaning. Poetry can motivate writing lovers, especially readers who are interested in reading something that has meaning and meaning implied in it from a poem through analysis. Based on previous understanding or exposure, the author is interested in conducting a study, namely analyzing Anwar Maulana's poem entitled "I Love You Secretly" using an intertextual approach. The results of the analysis of the reading of this poem include heuristic reading, hermeneutic reading, matrix determination, model and meaning. The matrix in the poem "I Love You Secretly" is I love you secretly, the model is relationship and romance, the meaning of this poem is sincerity and eternal love which cannot be seen from a person's physique but seen from the sincerity of his heart. The results of the study of the intertextual relations of the two poems include the relationship between the structure of the poem, the relationship of the matrix, the relationship of the model, the relationship of meaning, and the hypogram.

Charting English Global Presence and its Violent Effects in Early Modernity: Reading Strategies for an Ambivalent Archive

The maps tasked with charting English new-found seafaring prowess in the latter half of the sixteenth century constitute an ambivalent archive. They participated in the imaginative work of conceptualising the world as whole and singular, held within a unified cosmos. At the same time, they were distinctly partisan, helping to advance English adventurism and construct an elevated vantage point where, the would-be English colonialist, might imagine traversing oceans to subdue far-flung lands and their peoples. By reading and re-reading Baptista Boazio’s beautiful hand-painted map, ‘The Famouse Weste Indian Voyadge’, a visual account of the voyage Francis Drake undertook in 1585 endorsed by Elizabeth I to make the case for English primacy in the Americas, the essay reflects on the interpretative tool kit that might be helpful in laying bare the racial violence that infused the early period of English expansionism. Reading, as presented here, becomes a matter of excavation. Maps such as Boazio’s were tasked with cosmographical import: they participated in the world-making that established a singular world, imagined as a totality, I argue, while simultaneously advancing rival national interests and the forms of dominance that underpinned racial slavery. The interrelated texts that chart the emergence of English aggression on the high seas offer an opportunity, albeit obliquely, to reckon with the history of English enslavement and to consider the ways that early modern knowledge practices are implicated in this history.

Promoting a New Kind of Education: Greek and Roman Philosophical Protreptic, by Daniel Markovich

Promoting a New Kind of Education: Greek and Roman Philosophical Protreptic, by Daniel Markovich

Ideological and Intertextual Relations Between the Targum Isaiah and the Gospel of John

In this article, the author asks whether there are ideological and intertextual connections between the Targum Isaiah and the Gospel of St. John, and whether the traditions contained in the targums could have influenced the teaching of Jesus of Nazareth and the Apostles. The targums are first shown in their Jewish and Christian contexts. The author then turns his attention to the reception and significance of the book of Isaiah for the Jewish community and for the Johannine community. In particular, he emphasizes the use of this book in the synagogue liturgy and in the Gospel of John. The author also shows new interpretive perspectives for selected Johannine texts in light of the texts contained in the Targum Isaiah. He analyzes the Memra–Logos relationship, the messianic identity of the Johannine Jesus, the significance of Abraham in relation to the sons of Israel, the significance of God’s glory, the identity of YHWH’s suffering Servant, Jesus as the New Temple, and the use of the ego eimi formula in an absolute form. He encourages further detailed research on the influence of targumic traditions on the teaching of Jesus and on the Christology of the Fourth Gospel.

“A Pair of Scissors, and One Daring, If Trembling, Snip—!”: Making Mrs. Oliphant’s Dress

Abstract: Devised and edited by the Reverend W.J. Loftie, the Art at Home Series, published by Macmillan & Co. between 1876 and 1883, was a highly successful collection of domestic advice manuals aimed at a growing lower-middle-class readership. This paper focuses upon the volume in the series devoted to the subject of the book Dress , written in 1878 by the well-known Scottish novelist Mrs. Margaret Oliphant (1828–97). Drawing upon previously unpublished sources from the Macmillan Archive and contemporary reviews, this article charts the book’s production and initial reception to suggest Dress reveals as much about the expedient world of Victorian writing and publishing practices as it does about fashion. Demonstrating Oliphant’s skill in “writing with scissors,” it reveals the intertextual relationship that Dress has with many other literary and visual sources. Whether we interpret this as an example of plagiarism or a creative strategy, I argue that while Dress should be considered a cultural document of the late-Victorian period, it can never be treated as straightforward evidence of how people dressed in the past.

Children and Family in Late Antique Egyptian Monasticism by Caroline T. Schroeder

Reviewed by: Children and Family in Late Antique Egyptian Monasticism by Caroline T. Schroeder Arietta Papaconstantinou Children and Family in Late Antique Egyptian Monasticism Caroline T. Schroeder Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xiii + 255. ISBN 9781107156876 When in 2006 Alice-Mary Talbot and I organized a conference on late antique and Byzantine childhood at Dumbarton Oaks, we felt we were venturing into new territory. In the fifteen years following that conference, the field has seen a spectacular rise in interest for all aspects of childhood in the broader late antique and Byzantine world. Caroline Schroeder's book is one of the most sophisticated products of this surge, both in its overall approach to the subject and in its nuanced and balanced discussions. Schroeder tackles a favorite of research on medieval childhood: the uneasy relationship between children and monasteries. This has not yet been studied comprehensively for the eastern Mediterranean, and this book, focused more specifically on late antique Egypt, makes an important first step in that direction. After an introduction defining the concept of "child" as used in the book and discussing the broader issue of how cultural norms can affect the way we study the subject, the first section, "Finding children," surveys a very broad array of sources, from monastic to visual to documentary (Chapter 1: "Documenting the Undocumented: Children in the Earliest Egyptian Monasteries"), and discusses the vocabulary of childhood and its ambiguities (Chapter 2: "The Language of Childhood"). Paradoxically, however, the second chapter undermines the first: the constant uncertainty regarding what exactly is being referred to by the various possible words for "child" does not support the argument that children's presence in monasteries was common and important. Neither does it invalidate it, of course, but the interpretation of most of the texts used is far from univocal. The second section, "Representations," is on much firmer ground, because it discusses literary themes about children. Each of the three chapters is based on a previously published article, and despite being self-standing studies, they combine to offer an excellent analysis of the thought-world of monastic writers and the literary uses to which they put children. Chapter 3, "Homoeroticism, Children, and the Making of Monks" (based on a 2009 publication, "Queer Eye for the Ascetic Guy? Homoeroticism, Children, and the Making of Monks in Late Antique Egypt" in the Journal of the American Academy of Religion 77: 333–47), treats the vexed issue of the sexualization of young boys in male monasteries. The undeniable grim reality underlying monastic literary [End Page 249] obsessions about young boys is difficult to access through texts that primarily express the sexual anxieties of monks. For the monks, they probably functioned similarly to texts about eunuchs or imaginary disguised women in their midst. Chapter 4, "Child sacrifice: from familial renunciation to Jephthah's lost daughter" (originally from 2012, "Child Sacrifice in Egyptian Monastic Culture: From Familial Renunciation to Jephthah's Lost Daughter" in the Journal of Early Christian Studies 20: 269–302), brings together topics as disparate as the killing of children and the renunciation of family affection. Schroeder shows how these hang together in a web of holy hierarchies, where obedience to God—and the line of authority figures representing him—trumps any bond within the biological family. She explores the complex intertextual relations between monastic stories and biblical models and the symbolic power of a practice that went against cultural norms. Biblical models like Jephtah and Abraham undeniably underlie such stories, but sacrificing one's child for a superior cause was also a Homeric theme and certainly familiar to monks with a Greek education. The final chapter in this section, chapter 5: "Monastic Family Values: The Healing of Children" (rooted in a 2011 publication, "Monastic Family Values: The Healing of Children in Late Antique Egypt" in Coptica 10: 21–28), discusses healing in both the literal and the symbolic sense—in other words, both biological and spiritual cures. Schroeder argues that the monastery thus took on the role of the household by providing care and moral education to the children. Although the monks' healing powers were ascribed to faith and asceticism, it seems inmates sometimes had medical expertise...

Intertextuality and ideology: Social actor’s representation in handling of COVID-19 from China daily

As one of the major venues for articulating and disseminating national agendas and opinion discourse, national newspapers play a critical role in promulgating ideology. Underpinned by Intertextuality and Social Actor Theory, this study explores intertextual aspects of China Daily’s reporting of COVID-19 to unearth hidden ideology behind texts. The analysis reveals diversified voices from multiple actors around the globe, with China’s official leaders appearing most frequently. In the portrayal of social actors, some strategies like impersonalisation, and genericisation are utilised to add impersonal authority or power to an actor’s activity, actant’s engagement, and increase the trustworthiness of news. These reprsentational strategies belies a transformation in Chinese media discourse with a softer approach is used in wielding ideological intentions through journalistic practices of intertextuality. Our findings help to unravel how news texts draw on, echo, and bring together multiple intertextual resources realised in the forms of discourses. The circulations, dissemination and incorporation of these intertextual relations and practices construct specific understandings of ideology consolidation and public relations within the context of China and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Children’s Literature: Exploring Intertextual Relationships

Children’s Literature: Exploring Intertextual Relationships

RAZVOJ METODA REFERENCIJALOSTI U SAVREMENOJ PROJEKTANTSKOJ I DIDAKTIČKOJ PRAKSI ARHITEKTURE

The aim of this paper is a better understanding of the transformation of the reference-based design process in relation to different stylistic determinants and cultural circumstances that accompany the development of architecture in Central Europe from the mid-twentieth century to the present and the role of rationalism as a unifying character of these stylistic expressions. The subject of the paper is based on the analysis of the use of references in the process of architectural design, through parallel reflections on design, theoretical and didactic approaches in the works of Aldo Rossi, Miroslav Šik, and Valeri Olgiati. The methodological differences of the mentioned authors are observed both in relation to the continuity in the use of the analogous method in mentoring (Rossi and Šik) and specific dislocations in relation to the given positions in their theoretical and design work. The research follows three methodologies developed at the ETH University of Zurich in the period from 1972 to the present: the analogous architecture of Aldo Rossi, the analogous old-new architecture of Miroslav Šik, and the non-referential architecture of Valeri Olgiati. Within this topic, the intention is to understand the different approaches in the selection of references, and their role and meaning in the intertextual relationship that is formed. The paper starts from the assumption that the structure of the source of reference in contemporary architecture is transformed in relation to the postmodernist conceptions, and that this trans- formation is reflected in the shift from referential-authorial to extensive-cultural sources. The final assumption is that in interpreting the methodological approaches of the three authors one can recognize the continuous influence of rationalism, as a unifying expression, which, due to its simplicity and adaptability, serves as an anchor for various explorations in theory and design.

Intertextual relations in Russian travel literature of the 19 th century

Intertextual relations in Russian travel literature of the 19 th century

The Purpose of Allusions from Shakespeare's The Tempest in T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land

The purpose of the paper is to place and juxtapose T.S. Eliot, one of the most famous poets and theoreticians of the 20th century Modernism, in the context of the revaluation of Renaissance humanism, in which William Shakespeare is analyzed as a major influence and a source. In particular, the article discusses the associative purpose of Shakespeare's The Tempest in T.S. Eliot's poem “The Waste Land.” The use of Shakespearean associations and allusions is one of the main features of Eliot's poetry, and on the basis of the comparison, the paper analyzes the complex relationship that creates a rich intertextual connection between these two writers, separated by centuries and different literary traditions. Although Eliot did not recognize the extent of Shakespeare's presence in his work, the paper argues that Shakespeare was one of the most significant and evident sources of inspiration for the poet, who uses important figures and symbols from Shakespeare's plays in a deliberate attempt to enrich his poetry with new and contrasting meanings. There is an obvious thematic connection in both works to death, resurrection, and forgiveness. In this respect, I believe we can consider The Tempest as one of the fertility myths that Eliot uses to structure the poem. Its function is clear: a contrast is created between Elizabethan and 20th century values, and the question is raised whether revival, resurrection and atonement are possible in the modern era. The motif of death in The Tempest is illusory and regenerative, something that cannot be said for any episode of “The Waste Land”. In Shakespeare's play, the emphasis is on restoration and redemption—wrongs are righted, losses are no more, and moreover, by correcting old wrongs, a better, richer future is ensured. In Eliot's poem, the focus is on loss and forgetfulness, in “The Waste Land” no one remembers anything as unconsciousness and incomprehension is a curse for the characters, which separates them from their past and any future prospects. Assuming that “The Waste Land” allows itself to be interpreted with a hopeful ending, the allusions and references to this effect are taken from The Tempest, whose central theme is learning from past mistakes, acquiring new knowledge, and atonement, which is ultimately the key to remedying barrenness and misery. In this way, the use of associations of Shakespeare's play in Eliot’s poem is as heterogeneous as his attitude towards the great Elizabethan dramatist. Thanks to its so-called functional ambiguity, “The Waste Land” remains a constantly transforming and relevant text. By observing the complex intertextual relationship between these two English authors, it becomes evident that Eliot's early poetry is not only an example of the new Modernist aesthetics of the 20th century, but also a continuation and, most importantly, transformation of the literary tradition that preceded it in the form of Shakespeare. In conclusion, by examining the poetic fabric of Eliot's “The Waste Land”, it becomes clear that the poet uses Shakespearean associations with parodic and contrasting purposes. By analyzing the research topic, it is clear how diverse potential T.S. Eliot’s poetry has as the new era and new understanding not only expand the scope of interpretation of this or that work and creator, but also puts the research process in a modern, dialectical, and diverse framework.

Myths vs reality in Olga Tokarczuk’ collection of essays “Czuły narrator”

In her fiction and essays, О. Tokarczuk manifests inclination toward original interpretation of reality through a prism of mythology, reflection of the present by means of archaic optics, using instruments of universal plots, motives and characters. Her collection of essays “Chuły narrator” shows the writer’s evident interest in reevaluation of common notions about reality, deconstruction of stereotypical judgements and transformation of the traditional world picture under the influence of mythological worldview. The available literature studies, related to the book “Chuły narrator”, mainly consider narrative strategies on the basis of the concept “tender narrator”, introduced by the Polish writer in her Nobel Prize lecture. However, in the scientific discourse there is a lack of publications, dedicated to thorough analysis of O. Tokarczuk’s “Chuły narrator”, in particular, its neomythological attributes, that determines topicality and novelty of the theme of our research. The purpose of the study is to find out mythological intertexts in O. Tokarczuk’s book “Chuły narrator”, and also identify neomythological characteristics of her essays. In order to achieve the purpose, the following methods were used: contextual, intertextual, semiotic and poetological. Analysis of the essays in the book “Chuły narrator” allows making a conclusion about philosophical style as an indispensable feature of the Polish writer’s literary works. The author continuously rests on basic mythological notions about the Universe, fundamental philosophical categories, classic literature heritage and ideas of progressive thinkers of the past and present. One of O. Tokarczuk’s favorite motives is the journey motive which is interpreted on the basis of mythology and the author’s experience. The author virtuously interprets the archaic binary opposition “own–alien”, outlining the evolution of the idea about borders which are illusions that continue to cause large-scale disasters and crimes and deprive the world of its uniqueness. O. Tokarczuk’s works are characterized by numerous allusions to the works of verbal and visual art, intermedial method of articulating her viewpoints. The prospects of further research could be seen in studying O. Tokarczuk’s works in terms of intertextual relationships with the major philosophical systems and ideas of the leading thinkers of the present and past.

Art as immanent liberation : a Deleuzean study of the role of art in Iris Murdoch's The Unicorn

Art has a critical place in Iris Murdoch's The Unicorn (1963) where it is closely intertwined with freedom. However, to date this aspect of the novel has been largely overlooked. The present study adopts a Deleuzean approach to examine the liberating role of art in this novel as Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's concept of "minor art" can shed new light on the novel's thematic structure. The present study shows the effects of (minor) literature and music on the protagonist, namely Hannah Crean-Smith. This study, then, offers a Deleuzean reading of the intertextual relations in The Unicorn to explore the potential of the other texts addressed in the novel and to investigate their impact on actualizing Hannah's will to power. The results show that the virtual powers of the novel Hannah reads, together with her interest in music, de-subjectify and liberate her from the bounds of familialism and organism.

Russian Themes in Jovan Raić’s Epic «Boj Zmaa s Orlovi» (1791)

Researching Russian themes in Jovan Raić’s epic Boj Zmaja sa Orlovi is a continuation of up-to-date explorations of the language, versification, and intertextual relations of the poem with the texts of the Russian literature. We have approached the epic from a comparative perspective and analyzed it in parallel with The Tale of Igor’s Campaign and Osman by Dživo Gundulić. We were analytically focused on the heraldic symbols, as well as on the mythical and fairy-tale imagination. The images of Russia vary from dominant ones – distinctively commendable, uttered by gods from the Antiquity and shaped by Jovan Rajić, to derogatory ones, uttered by Muhammad. In the epic, the Russian Empire is materialized both through cities (Kherson, Ochakiv, Khotyn) and by stressing tsarina Catherine II and her courageous generals.

Emblematic codes of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s dialogue A Colloquy, called “Alphabet,” or “Primer of Peace”

The paper focuses on the features, origin, and functions of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s (1722–1794) emblematic language (speech) in the dialogue A Colloquy, called “Alphabet,” or “Primer of Peace”. The objective is to study the emblematic arrangements of Hryhorii Skovoroda within the European emblematic literature context, focusing on eventual intertextual relations and striking semiotic interactions. The text of the paper interprets the artistic and stylistic features of the emblematic construction of eide of the Ukrainian writer, their sources, contexts, and the author’s conceptual nominations. Theoretical generalizations are made primarily from the text of Skovoroda’s dialogue A Colloquy, called “Alphabet,” or “Primer of Peace”, as well as from his other works, the scholars’ works, and the European literary context. The structural-semiotic methodology has been employed to trace the identified issues. The main idea of the paper is to highlight the dominance of the emblematic way of meaning stating in Hryhorii Skovoroda, thus, the emblematic code as the core in the sense-modelling activities. Emblematic forms have a special place in the coverage of anthropological, metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic, and hermeneutic eide of the Ukrainian poet and philosopher. Skovoroda considers emblematics as a particularly effective visual-verbal (iconic-conventional) type of signification functioning as a kind of refined meta-language, an ancient arcane semiosis practice of intellectuals. He had his personal insight into the nature, structure, and potential of such an expression, which was elaborated by the long-term, permanent hermeneutics of biblical texts, formed on the logic and metaphysics of ancient philosophers, the context of literary and artistic baroque, European emblematic models. Skovoroda uses significative re-referencing as a means of interpretation, therefore, individual images, embodied in the word, resemble semiotic bunches, concise visual-verbal meaning-making entities, disclosed through associations, comparisons, oppositions, metaphors, and structural-emblematic representation.

Da'wah and Local Wisdom: Content Analysis of Da'wah Value in Wawacan Ma'dani Al-Mu'allim (WMM)

The purpose of this study is to present and describe the values of local wisdom based on the inner structure of the meaning of Wawacan Madani al-Mu'allim (WMM) and the intertextual relations with other texts as the hypogram text. The method used in this research is the content analysis method (tahlīl al-madhmūn) with the intertextuality approach of Riffatere's semiotic model. The research results show that WMM's wawacan script contains local wisdom values related to life and life. The WMM text has an intertextual relationship with previous texts, for example, with the Koran, Hadith, and Al-Ghazali's Bidayatul Hidayah book as the hypogram text or its reference source. The WMM manuscript contains teachings related to local wisdom values: live a simple, religious life, abstain from disgraceful acts, maintain personal and environmental hygiene, improve transcendental communication networks, and maintain a clean heart (tazkiyah an-qalbi), and everything has its uniqueness. The text and contents of the WMM manuscript have an intertextual relationship with the al-Qur'an, al-Hadith, and al-Ghazali's book Bidayat al-Hidayah.

Slavic Mythology Lost in Fantasy

Slavic myths increasingly survive in people’s consciousness as supernatural elements or as literary characters rather than as real beliefs in their existence. Adult readers in Poland and Slovakia, for example, encounter Slavic supernatural beings in the fantasy literature book series such as Wiedźmin by Andrzej Sapkowski and Černokňažník by Juraj Červenák; however, literature cannot be expected to portray superstitions and demons in the same way as belief legends. Placing Sapkowski’s and Červenák’s works within the context of ethnographically recorded beliefs illuminates various aspects of intercultural and intertextual relationships within the literary setting. This article shows that there are several types of literary adaptation of Slavic myths: adaptation in accordance with folk beliefs, denial of superstitions, incorporating a folk myth in order to create an illusion, and using the name of a demon while also adding characteristics from other sources – especially from popular culture.

Debat i paròdia als versos de les trobairitz: Castelloza (BEdT 109,2) vs Bernart de Ventadorn (BEdT 70, 19)

This article documents and interprets the intertextual relationship between Castelloza's BEdT 109, 2 and Bernart de Ventadorn's BEdT 70, 19. After a brief introduction to Castelloza's poetry and its critical reception, we will analyse the clues that allow us to postulate, on the part of the trobairitz, an allusive intention to the song BEdT 70, 19 by Bernart de Ventadorn. The reading of Castelloza's song in the light of this dialogical relationship, as well as the insertion of the trobairitz's lyrical voice in the troubadour corpus considered as a whole, must allow us to question the traditional vision of Castelloza as a "melancholic" poetess, aware of her inferiority in relation to the esteemed being, revealing the parodic dimension of her poetry.

Du Brésil à la bibliothèque. Enquête sur la métamorphose de l’Histoire d’un voyage faict en la terre du Brésil

This article looks at the textual evolution of the Histoire d’un voyage faict en la terre du Brésil over the course of its five editions (1578, 1580, 1585, 1599, 1611). While Léry initially committed himself exclusively to the principle of autopsy and thus to recounting only what he himself had witnessed, from the third edition onwards (1585) he set out to summon an ever wider range of encyclopaedic knowledge within his work. After examining the part played by the polemic with André Thevet in this turnaround, we will analyze the singular intertextual relationship between Léry’s work and that of the publisher-engraver Theodor de Bry, in particular the first volume of the Grands Voyages, which reproduces Thomas Hariot’s report on Virginia.