The theological discussion concerning 'Christian ecumenism' (inter-church relations) and 'ecumenical ecumenism' (relations between world religions, inter-faith dialogue) shares the basic assumption that no true ecumenical Christian or inter-religious education will be possible unless it is rooted in a certain confessional Christian identity in the first case and a general Christian identity in the second. This can be supported by historical and developmental perspectives. Preliminary data (West German young adults, 16-24) show, however, the erosion of both identities. This 'relativistic' consciousness hinders development towards a 'relational' and 'dialogical' consciousness as presupposed for Fowler's Stage 5 'conjunctive faith'.