Interorganizational Relationships Research Articles

Influência dos custos de troca e da dependência de recursos na cooperação interorganizacional

Abstract Purpose: This article analyzes the influence of switching costs and resource dependence on interorganizational cooperation between contractors (buyers) and transport companies (sellers). Originality/value: The management accounting literature has traditionally focused on intraorganizational controls. However, researchers have a growing interest in applying management accounting elements in the interorganizational scope. This study contributes to the literature on interorganizational relationships by presenting possible evidence of the relationship between resource dependence, switching costs, and interorganizational cooperation between contractors and transport companies. Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative study surveyed the perception of professionals from food and beverage sector companies about the transport companies they contract. A total of 120 professionals participated in the study, and the Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the structural model. Findings: The relational and procedural dimensions of switching costs and resource dependence influence interorganizational cooperation positively. A total mediation of resource dependence was found in the relationship between procedural switching costs and interorganiza-tional cooperation. The results showed that switching costs and resource dependence are antecedents of interorganizational cooperation between the firms surveyed and the transport companies they contract. As for social and managerial implications, this study offers managers a deeper understanding of the importance of switching costs and resource dependence and the impacts of these factors on interorganizational cooperation.

Assessing Interorganizational Relationships Among Key Supply Chain Partners (KSCPs) in Public Construction Projects

Assessing Interorganizational Relationships Among Key Supply Chain Partners (KSCPs) in Public Construction Projects

How Generalized and Particularized Trust Shape Inter-Organizational Relations

How Generalized and Particularized Trust Shape Inter-Organizational Relations

Sustainable Food Home Area (KRPL) Policy in Sumbergondo Village, Batu City : an Implementation Approach

Food security is an important issue to be studied concerning the welfare of a country. The government has tried to build and develop food security by utilizing land through the KRPL program. The Batu City Food Security Service launched the KRPL program to utilize yard land. Sumbergondo Village is the location for implementing KRPL because of the potential for land and nature. So, this study aims to determine the implementation of the KRPL policy in improving Food Security. The research was conducted in Sumbergondo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method using primary and secondary data sources. Observation, interviews, and documentation are used to carry out data collection techniques. This research shows that the implementation of the KRPL policy in Sumbergondo Village is going well, seen from the aspects of policy implementation, namely through an analysis of good and supportive environmental conditions and inter-organizational relationships that run according to existing structures. Organizational resources include human and financial resources that accept and run the program optimally. It is up to the characteristics and abilities of program implementing agents to improve the food security of the Sumbergondo Village community through the use of the KRPL program land.

Coopetition and Non-Profit Performance in War-Torn Region: Role of Outside Knowledge and Innovative Climate

The inconsistent findings on the association between non-profit coopetition and performance are complicated and contingent on essential factors. However, our current understanding of the circumstances under which non-profit coopetition matters to performance is limited. We take a novel context to address this question and build on the combined literature from the emerging non-profit coopetition literature. This study conceptualises and tests the impact of coopetition (simultaneous cooperation and competition) on the organisational performance of non-profit organisations in a war-torn region. Notably, it investigates the simultaneous cooperation and competition in non-profits' social and financial performance via outside knowledge and innovative climate. An in-person survey with 158 executives and board members was conducted in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq. The survey adopted reliable and valid scales to measure the variables. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the mediation model. The proposed sequential mediating model has a good model fit with all four hypotheses statistically significant. Non-profit engagement in coopetition positively affects organisation performance via mediators: use of outside knowledge and innovative climate. Cooperation with competitors helps non-profits to effectively use the outside knowledge that forms an innovative climate at the organisational level. Additionally, the use of outside knowledge has a direct effect on performance. Non-profits should integrate outside and internal knowledge to generate sustainable financial and social performance opportunities, especially in turbulent or war-torn regions. Moreover, context is imperative for non-profit leaders to identify themselves and seek inter-organisational relationships. The study also provides theoretical and practical implications that help non-profit leaders innovate and increase organisational performance.

Health product innovation and circular economy: A case study of inter-organisational cooperation in the development of a new firm

Technological renewal is increasingly complex and costly, which makes it difficult for new firms to be able to develop their innovation activities in isolation. Many of the product innovation requirements are not completely available inside firms, and so they need to form cooperative relationships with other organisations to make up for the shortages in resources and capacity. Through analysis of a case study, the aim is to understand the inter-organisational cooperation relationships established by one firm in the use, as a raw material, from another firm's activity waste – coffee dregs. This type of innovative cooperation also involved simultaneously a university and an innovation research centre in the development of a new product in the health field. It provides an example of circular economy in the context of an innovative firm's initial development, something that could inspire academics and business-people who focus their work on sustainability, innovation and inter-organisational cooperation topics, where the diversity of relationships has not yet been studied in the consulted literature. Several semi-structured interviews were carried out with representatives of the focal company and other cooperating organisations, in addition to secondary data collected from each one. From content analysis method, the results show mutual advantages, locally and nationally, in establishing cooperative relationships to develop an innovative product based on sustainability principles. Still based on the case study, six major topics were identified: (1) sustainability; (2) planning the firm's activity in the medium and long-term; (3) product innovation; (4) university-firm relationship; (5) protecting industrial property, and (6) community benefits resulting from the cooperation. Based on these topics, an innovative model is proposed, as well as presenting the contributions of this pioneering study to theory and practice. Future lines of research are indicated to guide possible empirical studies to carry out a posteriori.

What produces corporate social irresponsibility in offshore outsourcing? The effects of interorganizational relationship governance and institutional distance

We theorize on how institutional distance and interorganizational relationship (IOR) governance interact to produce corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR) in offshore outsourcing. Managers generally find it challenging to align practices with stakeholders’ responsibility expectations and more so when activities occur offshore and outside organizational boundaries. This is evident from Apple’s repeated problems in China but insufficiently understood in international business (IB) literature. Institutional distance increases the likelihood and severity of CSiR because it produces a gap in buyers’ and suppliers’ stakeholder expectations and leads to divergence between suppliers’ practices and buyers’ responsibility policies. Trust-based cooperative IORs reduce CSiR and lessen the effect of institutional distance on CSiR. Supplier dependence also reduces CSiR but increases the effect of institutional distance on CSiR and is therefore a double-edged sword. Our novel framework generates insights into CSiR, a dark side of IB, by uncovering the mechanisms that co-produce CSiR in the offshore outsourcing context. We enrich work on offshore outsourcing by suggesting that CSiR represents a hidden cost and advance multilevel theorizing in IB by showing how institutional distance interacts with IOR governance. Managers should consider the tradeoff between performance and CSiR in offshore outsourcing and the downside that comes from (over)exploiting supplier dependence.

Effects of bid protests against government agencies on firm performance: Role of interorganisational relationship

Government contracting officers (purchasing agents) are imperfect actors who may distort the procurement processes due to their individual preferences or biases. As a means of adjudicating this issue, firms may file legal protests against them. While previous studies analysed the effects of monitoring behaviour on procurement outcomes, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We overcome this limitation by leveraging interorganisational relationship mechanisms to explore how protests against government agencies affect firm performance. Using data from 2001 to 2019 encompassing bid protests and firm government procurement activities, we conduct panel regressions with firm and time fixed-effects and find that sustained protests improve firm performance. This effect is more pronounced when government agencies’ business becomes more dependent on protesting firms. In contrast, non-sustained protests had no effect on firm performance. Our findings highlight different government agencies’ reciprocating responses to firm protests and how they influence firm performance.

A mixed-methods process evaluation of an integrated care system's population health management system to reduce health inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake

PurposeMany countries have a renewed focus on health inequalities since COVID-19. In England, integrated care systems (ICSs), formed in 2022 to promote integration, are required to reduce health inequalities. Integration is supported by population health management (PHM) which links data across health and care organisations to inform service delivery. It is not well-understood how PHM can help ICSs reduce health inequalities. This paper describes development of a programme theory to advance this understanding.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted as a mixed-methods process evaluation in a local ICS using PHM. The study used Framework to analyse interviews with health and care professionals about a PHM tool, the COVID-19 vaccination uptake Dashboard. Quantitative data on staff Dashboard usage were analysed descriptively. To develop a wider programme theory, local findings were discussed with national PHM stakeholders.FindingsICS staff used PHM in heterogeneous ways to influence programme delivery and reduce inequalities in vaccine uptake. PHM data was most influential where it highlighted action was needed for “targetable” populations. PHM is more likely to influence decisions on reducing inequalities where data are trusted and valued, data platforms are underpinned by positive inter-organisational relationships and where the health inequality is a shared priority.Originality/valueThe COVID-19 pandemic accelerated a shift toward use of digital health platforms and integrated working across ICSs. This paper used an evaluation of integrated data to reduce inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine delivery to propose a novel programme theory for how integrated data can support ICS staff to tackle health inequalities.

Value Creation, Value Appropriation, and Cooperation in Team Production

We propose a theoretical framework and develop a game-theoretical analysis to advance our understanding of the cooperation dilemma in team production. We conceptualize team production as a process where productive and appropriative activities coexist, shifting the focus from whether team members cooperate to what type of cooperative behavior they are willing to adopt. Depending on whether members cooperate to create value and compete to appropriate value, we can observe scenarios of full, partial, and no cooperation. After characterizing member behavior in the different scenarios, we study which form of cooperation can be sustained through repeated interaction, mutual monitoring, and reciprocity. To do so, we allow for different deviations from cooperation which are then accompanied by different reactions according to an equivalent retaliation strategy. Our focus is on how member behavior and incentives to cooperate relate to the size of the team. We also introduce conceptual elements that describe team production in organizational teams as well as inter-organizational relationships.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGADAAN PEGAWAI PEMERINTAH DENGAN PERJANJIAN KERJA (PPPK) PADA GURU HONORER DI KOTA SUKABUMI TAHUN 2021

This study aims to find out how the implementation is implemented and find out what are the obstacles in the policy of procuring Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK) for honorary teachers in Sukabumi City. In order to approach this problem, the theoretical references of Donald S. Van Metter & Carl E. Van Horn are used, using 6 variables including a) Executor's size and objectives, b) Resources, c) Relationships between organizations, d) Characteristics of implementing organizations, e ) Social, political and economic conditions, f) Disposition of the executors. The data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation were analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that the implementation in Sukabumi City is running effectively and has no significant obstacles, the implementation of PPPK procurement policies in Sukabumi City has involved various parties who pay attention to the relevant parties, optimizing existing resources, maintaining inter-organizational relations, prioritizing the character of implementing organizations, conditions social, political, and economic, as well as maintaining the disposition of the executors.

Decline and Adaptation: Borders as Process and the Organizational Dynamics of Border Health in Crisis

ABSTRACT How to manage collective action across borders to address shared transborder problems is an ongoing challenge. This study presents a qualitative longitudinal analysis of the organizational history of the U.S.-Mexico border health field during a critical period spanning from 2000 to 2022. It analyzes a process of interorganizational competition, organizational failure, and field contraction followed by new network formation during the COVID-19 pandemic. I argue that policymakers should consider the relational dynamics of organizations as they develop transborder collective action to address shared problems. The research demonstrates the utility of integrating purpose-oriented network and organizational field concepts into borders as process theory which enhances our understanding of how interorganizational relationships mediate debordering and rebordering processes.

Educational Policy Dilemma: New Student Admissions Policy Based on The Zoning System

The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of a new student admission policy based on the zoning system. This study was conducted in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia because the implementation of a new student admission policy based on the zoning system caused several problems, such as ineffective socialization. This was carried out by the East Luwu Region Provincial Education Office Branch to the community which caused the parents or guardians and students not to understand the technical instructions for registration. Furthermore, this study used a descriptive qualitative method and data obtained are analyzed using the help of Nvivo12 Plus software. The result showed that policies are implemented based on the indicators of inter-organizational relationship behavior. This makes the East Luwu Region XII Provincial Education Office Branch and Senior High Schools to maintain mutual relationship with each other. Furthermore, it helps them to carries out organizational control and they are even professionals in completing their tasks. Meanwhile, based on these indicators, there have been many positive responses from the target group community but still, have a negative one. This is because of less optimal things from the implementation of new student admission policy based on the zoning system.

Implementation of Income Tax Incentive Policy Article 21 Borne by the Government (Dtp) at the Tax Service Office of the South Jakarta Djp Regional Office I

This Article 21 Government-borne Income Tax Incentive Policy (DTP) began to be implemented in April 2020 through PMK 23/PMK.03/2020 when the Covid 19 pandemic had spread widely in Indonesia, where many companies were shaken by the economy. Seeing the above conditions, the government carried out fiscal stimulus, one of which was through the Income Tax Incentive Policy Article 21 Borne by the Government (DTP), in order to help the economic recovery of the people affected by the Covid 19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze and evaluate how, obstacles, and efforts to overcome obstacles in the Implementation of Article 21 Government-borne Income Tax Incentive Policy (DTP) at the Tax Service Office of the South Jakarta Regional Tax Office I. This study is a qualitative research that focuses on the success implementation of the Government-borne Income Tax Incentive Article 21 (DTP) policy and the obstacles faced by collecting information through interviews with parties implementing the tax incentive policy. The results of the study found that the implementation of Article 21 Government-borne Income Tax Incentives (DTP) was in great demand by the public (the public) because it helped the community, in this case employees, maintain economic purchasing power in the midst of the Covid 19 pandemic that shook the economy in Indonesia. If it is associated with the policy implementation model introduced by Donald Van Meter and Carl Van Horn, the Income Tax Incentive Policy of Article 21 Borne by the Government (DTP) has been successful because of the elements of standard and policy objectives, resources, inter-organizational relationships, characteristics of implementing agents, social conditions, politically and economically, the disposition of the Implementer was quite good and supported the implementation of this tax incentive. The obstacles faced during the implementation of this policy, in the form of systems, inadequate information, continue to be improved by policy implementers in line with the implementation of this tax incentive policy so that the success of this tax incentive policy can be achieved.

Alliance-building for equity and justice: An inter-organizational perspective

Cultivating alliances between specific sectors or fields with unrealized synergies is a promising strategy for systems change. Social network analysis is a useful tool for assessing whether such alliances build relationships between these previously disparate organizations. Two waves of valued network data were collected from the members (N = 25) of a justice system reform coalition composed of two types of community-based organizations: those involved in restorative justice practice and those involved in grassroots community organizing. Social network homophily analyses were employed to characterize the impact of alliance participation on relationships over time across three domains: working together, doing impactful work together, and sharing a philosophy about justice system reform. Results indicate marked increases in the prevalence of relationships between restorative justice and community organizing organizations across all domains, with the greatest increases occurring in perceptions of shared philosophy. Network structures at each time point differed by relational domain and organization type. Findings suggest that the alliance strengthened relationships between restorative justice and community organizing organizations, particularly in perceptions of shared philosophy, but that the magnitude of these changes varied depending on pre-existing interorganizational relationships and organization type. Findings challenge the idea that close working relationships between diverse members is critical to coalition effectiveness, pointing instead to the value of ambidextrous networks and alignment in members’ philosophy and vision.

Implementing Industry 4.0 technologies: Future roles in purchasing and supply management

Technological advancements associated with Industry 4.0 drive a paradigm shift with economic and social consequences where digitalization, robotization, and other emerging technologies reshape the interconnection between organizations. Critical areas that need to adapt to the change are inter-organizational buyer-supplier relationships managed by Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM) professionals. That is, their future responsibilities and skills are likely to change. Introducing the concept of specialized roles to summarize needed competencies, this research conducted a real-time Delphi study using an internet-based platform involving 47 procurement experts. As a result, the roles of the Data Analyst, Master Data Manager, Process Automation Manager, Supplier Onboarding Manager, System Innovation Scout, and Legislation Specialist were identified as essential Industry 4.0 PSM roles. For these roles, the probability of their occurrence, industry impact, desirability, and level of industry adoption are assessed. Based on emerging technologies in PSM and adopting a human-centered perspective, this research shows the need to focus on talent development to enable a technology-driven revolution. Thus, the contributions lay in the literature on Industry 4.0 and the PSM skills and capabilities domain, highlighting the required roles for Smart Working and effective Smart Supply Chains management as parts of the digital transformation journey.

Pockets of Trust in a Landscape of Distrust: Interorganisational Trust and the Challenge of Conflicting Institutional Logics

This paper examines the development of trust in interorganisational relationships (IORs) that are embedded in conflicting institutional logics. The study focuses on a recently established customer choice system for domestic elderly care that involves a complex constellation of logics for the parties involved in the IORs to handle. We explore how boundary spanners deal with conflicting logics and the impact it has on the development of trust in IORs, including both positive and negative expectations of trustees and the new customer choice system. Using the institutional logics in action theory, we propose a new approach to understanding the role of institutional embeddedness in IORs and provide empirical evidence of how institutional logics influence the development of trust. We introduce the concept of “pocket of trust” to describe the compartmentalised development of trust in an organisational environment otherwise characterised by distrust and control efforts.

Do measurement methods matter? A meta-analysis of antecedents and outcomes of contractual governance in interorganisational relationships

Existing literature uses multiple measurement methods for contractual governance; however, it is unclear whether such differences impact the effect sizes of the relationships between contractual governance and its antecedents and outcomes in interorganisational relationships. This study revisits commonly explored relationships by examining the moderating impacts of the measurement factors. We meta-analysed 141 articles involving 32,763 interorganisational relationships. The results indicate that subjective and objective measurements cannot be interchangeable in certain relationships. Contractual governance, measured by multiple dimensions and multiple items per dimension, exhibits a stronger relationship with other constructs. Furthermore, mixing contract provisions and contract applications when using reflective indicators to measure contractual governance is not a serious issue. These findings advance our understanding of the boundary conditions of the relationships between contractual governance and other constructs. An implication for managers is that they should pay attention to both contracts per se and how contracts are subjectively perceived.

To Achieve Goal Alignment by Inter-Organizational Incentives: A Case Study of a Hydropower Project

Although the use of incentives has been widely recognized as an effective project management tool, its application still needs specific exploration. Existing research on incentives mainly focuses on intra-organizational incentives, lacking systematic research with empirical evidence from the perspective of the inter-organizational level. To fill this research gap, this study conducted an in-depth investigation into the application and impacts of inter-organizational incentives by studying a typical case of a hydropower project. In this case, a series of innovative inter-organizational incentives, involving a multiple contractual incentive scheme concerning schedule, quality, safety, as well as environmental performance, is applied. Using a mixed methodology that included a document review, a questionnaire survey, and interviews, this case study revealed that inter-organizational incentives could effectively help promote goal alignment, stimulate cooperative inter-organizational relationships, and improve project performance. This research developed a novel classification of inter-organizational incentives and emphasized the importance of non-contractual and informal incentives, which were ignored in previous research. The results further highlight that while incentivized organizations generally value incentives according to their monetary intensity, their prioritization of goals is determined by various factors. Therefore, to achieve project goal alignment, the optimization of incentive schemes should comprehensively consider a variety of influencing factors rather than merely focusing on monetary intensity. These findings will help both academic researchers and industrial practitioners design and execute effective inter-organizational incentives for superior project performance, especially for those projects that pursue high sustainable performance with safety and environmental performance included.

Trust-based management control in inter-organizational relationships

High levels of trust can reduce the risk of inter-organizational relationships failing. Also, high levels of trust between business partners can be advantageous as less time and effort are spent controlling the motives and behavior of a company’s counterpart. This case study explores the management control systems between two small Norwegian salmon farming companies engaged in a joint venture. Specifically, we ask how trust influences management control in an inter-organizational relationship. We collected data by interviewing the management of the two companies constituting the joint venture and their collaborating partners throughout the value chain, resulting in two main findings. First, we find that collective values are the most critical control mechanism in managing the joint venture. As a result, other control mechanisms are toned down and become less prominent. Second, we find that a high level of trust enables management based on values. Hence, trust becomes directive for managing the joint venture. Our findings could be important for companies seeking to engage in different inter-organizational relationships. They indicate that it might benefit managers to seek out potential partners with the same fundamental values as themselves to facilitate trust-building.