Conscious Intention Research Articles

On the role of studying the history of philosophy in modern education

The article examines the place of studying the history of philosophy in education. The first part of the article is devoted to identifying the nature of human interaction proper, for which the works of the classic of German idealism — J. G. Fichte are involved. According to the author of science studies, the specificity of human interaction, designated by him as a “call”, consists in the fact that, since any actual human action is carried out starting from the results of reflection, it most strongly stimulates the mental activity of a person from all possible influences. Moreover, it has this effect both in the case of a conscious educational orientation, and in the absence of a conscious intention to educate and educate. The purpose of such interaction is to develop human intelligence, which is synonymous with the development of his independence and self-activity. At the same time, this goal is realized to the greater extent, the more versatile such an impact is, and this explains why a person exists in a community. However, this impact cannot be exhaustively characterized as only intersubjective actions, in fact, it represents cultural forms of a transpersonal nature (family, social relations, state, etc.), and the second part of the article is devoted to considering the role of their development for the formation of a person. It concludes that their successful development, in the exact sense of the word, is possible only in the case of gaining experience of active participation in their existence, in connection with which the project of “new national education” by Fichte is pointed out. The last part of the article summarizes the results of the study, which consist in the fact that, since philosophy, according to Hegel’s statement, is “an epoch grasped in thought”, i. e., the development of culture in the highest sense, to the extent that the study of the history of philosophy represents the completion of the education of a person in a person, and therefore a necessary component of modern education.

JUAN DAVID GARCÍA BACCA’S READING OF TRANSCENDENTAL PHENOMENOLOGY. FROM INTENTIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS TO DEATH-FIGHTING CONSCIOUSNESS

The Navarre-Venezuelan philosopher Juan David García Bacca is one of the most notable and original figures of Spanish-speaking thought, although his work has not yet received the attention it deserves. One of the pillars of his philosophy consists of what he calls a transfinite anthropology that considers man as an entity that strives to enhance his being. This anthropological approach is based on a phenomenology of nature that emphasizes the becoming and the transformations that man effects in the world. In this philosophical context, García Bacca soon became interested in the work of Husserl, Scheler y Heidegger. This article deals with the way in which García Bacca describes and values Husserl’s descriptions of intentional consciousness. The problem that García Bacca poses to transcendental phenomenology concerns neither the reality of pure consciousness nor its objective scope. García Bacca is interested in finding out if there is a potentiation of the being of consciousness superior to or deeper than the self-reflection proper to the transcendental attitude. He discovers this potentiation in the notion of an “agonic consciousness” that resists the representation of its annihilation, and whose philosophical antecedent is found in the work of Miguel de Unamuno. Without sharing all of García Bacca’s interpretation of Husserlian phenomenology, the author of the article considers that it nevertheless raises relevant questions concerning the facticity and necessity proper to the transcendental subject.

Emmanuel Levinas : The Discovery of Being against Husserl and Heidegger [In Arabic

This article aims to highlight fundamental Levinasian criticisms, essentially against Husserl and Heidegger, and therefore against any form of logocentrism in the Western philosophical tradition. This clearly explains the continual effort in Levinas to found a new conception of the relationship to the other, based mainly on the ontological primacy of responsibility towards the other, which is explicitly based on a phenomenology of the face, thus going beyond on the one hand, the intentional consciousness of Husserl, and on the other hand the question of being in Heidegger. And so on, Levinas claims to substitute ethics for ontology in order to arrive at the fundamental idea of ethics as primary philosophy.

The Relation of Temporality, Existence and Praxis in Sartre

Sartre’ın varoluşçuluk düşüncesi, özneyi içi boş bir öznelliğe hapsettiği yönünde eleştirilerle karşılaşmasına rağmen, Sartre’ın özellikle “özgürlük” ve “varoluş” problemini kültürel, toplumsal, siyasal belirlenimlerle birlikte, “idealizm” tuzağına düşmeden tartışmaya çalıştığını görmekteyiz. Sartre’ın “ben” ve dünya arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklama çabasında “başka” sıyla kurulan ilişkiye olan vurgusu, varoluşçuluğu praksis alanına taşımasını ve sonuç olarak bireyi sadece “cogito” ya ya da tarihsel sürecin tinselliğine terketmeyerek, bilincin yönelimselliğiyle, praksis alanının belirlenimleriyle birlikte incelemesini sağlamıştır. Diyalektik de burada deneyimin dinamiğiyle birlikte varoluş problemini, praksis alanına çeken bir kavramdır. Bu noktada hiyerarşik ve adımları önceden belirli olduğu için tarih dışı gibi görünen diyalektik, Sartre’ın felsefesinde bir özgürlük alanına kapı aralar. Sartre’a göre bu tartışmalara felsefenin kattığı temel bakış açısı ise insanın çelişkileriyle, karar anları ve kararsızlıklarıyla nasıl bir arada değerlendirilebileceğidir. Bu değerlendirmeler bizi zamansallığın ve dolayısıyla da tarihselliğin nasıl kavranması gerektiğine dair bir tartışmaya götürürken, zamansallık problemi de insanın varoluşundan kaynaklı dinamizmini anlamanın önemli bir aracı olarak karşımıza çıkar. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada Sartre’ın belirlemiş olduğu praksis alanı, zamansallık ve varoluş arasında kurmuş olduğu ilişkiden hareketle incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.

The not-yet-conscious

Not only our conscious expectations, wishes and intentions are directed towards the future, but also pre- or unconscious tendencies, hunches and anticipations. Using a term of Ernst Bloch, they can be summarized as the not-yet-conscious. This not-yet-conscious mostly unfolds spontaneously and without plan; it is not directly anticipated or aimed at, but rather comes to awareness in such a way that the subject is, as it were, surprised by itself. Thus it gives rise to phenomena such as the striking, the coincidental, the new, and the improvised, which are particularly important for understanding creative and therapeutic processes. The paper aims at providing a general phenomenological framework for the understanding of not-yet-conscious dynamics and their unfolding in different contexts. To this end, the structure of the not-yet-conscious is examined in light of protention, in which the phenomenon is fundamentally to be located. I propose to describe the general structure of protention as a future-directed horizon of graded probabilities, i.e., as a “protentional cone”. This cone is fed by current experiences and bodily tendencies and is focused to varying degrees by attention. This results in either more focused or rather defocused states of anticipation, the latter giving space to the not-yet-conscious as a meaning “in statu nascendi”. On this basis, selected manifestations of the not-yet-conscious are analyzed, including extemporaneous speech, artistic improvisation and creativity, bodily meaning implicates, decision-making, and meaningful coincidence.

Limba păsărilor în basmul fantastic românesc

The idea of a primordial language, spoken / understood by both man and animals, a secret language to be given by consecration / initiation only to the chosen one and which offers the initiate a higher type of knowledge, fascinated. Present in the myths, stories and literature of the world, such a language would represent „the key to access to the ancient memory of a culture and a civilization still largely unknown” (Ph. Walter). When approaching this subject, the specialists speak, without a doubt, of a prehistoric language, born and used long before the Indo‑European`s historical language: a language with a common heritage of archaic beliefs and conceptions, lost and later translated into cultural products such as this motif of the language of birds / animals, reminiscent of a magical thinking that fell into the (almost) fixed structures of the imagination. We have many cases in classical mythology in which this primordial language re‑com‑ poses the concrete, ideational universe of an original period, in which the fusion of meaning and significance is restored (Eve‑serpent dialogue mentioned by the Old Testament, Tiresias, Melampus for ancient Greece, Finn – Ireland, Taliesin – Wales etc.). The quorum of myths in the examples mentioned in this study is still amazing, rich, complex. The clairvoyance, the access of the pauper hero to a higher level of knowledge thanks to this initiation, the essence of the myth relocated in the fairy tale, are all these a simple literary decal, inspired by an anonymous fairy tale creator in the fantastic epic for a greedy imaginary audience? Certainly, not. • The construction of the myth at the level of the fairy tale, often very close to the classical myths; • Investing in this imaginative episode with symbolizing intent; last but not least, • The ubiquity of a specific interdiction, I believe I take this motive literally out of the realm of traditional narrative arbitrariness, integrating it into that of the intentionality of (symbolic) consciousness.

Cook, Daniel. Reading Swift’s Poetry

Cook, Daniel. <i>Reading Swift’s Poetry</i>

Natural Sciences and/in Moral Theology: The Case of Free Will

The issue of free will, supporting moral responsibility in various accounts of Catholic moral theology, is in a particular way situated at the crossroads of theological and non-theological disciplines. Because of its connection to philosophy, as well as to natural and empirical sciences, the topic enjoys growing interdisciplinary attention. Early studies in cognitive neuroscience of volition, inspired by the experiment of Libet (1983), suggest that free will is an illusion because our conscious intentions do not cause corresponding actions: these are initiated earlier by the unconscious brain processes. While this seems to conflict with fundamental anthropological and ethical assumptions, a closer look renders such a worry immature. The more traditional, pre-modern notion of what willing, intending and choosing actually means – and how does it relate to us having free will or not – proves largely intact by the Libet-style argumentation. At the same time, new developments within a multidisciplinary science of volition highlight several aspects of freedom and agency that could be central to the way humans produce actions and control their lives. Implications from these studies might provoke some reformulations on the side of theological ethics. They might also set forth some particular schools and traditions, such as Christian virtue ethics, as theologically preferable. All this on the condition that a kind of knowledge coming from natural sciences – which often already contains a measure of (theological) interpretation– can be seen as both relevant and integrable in theological methodology and insight. Anthropological and ethical realms strike as particularly suitable for such integration: the essential embodiment of personal agency definitely deserves more attention, also for clarifying its free and indeed moral predicate.

The relationship between free will and consciousness

Reflection on the relationship between free will and consciousness has mainly revolved around Libet-style experiments, for example by criticizing the claim that conscious intentions never cause what we do. Less attention has been paid to whether this response captures the sense in which consciousness is relevant for free will, however. In this paper I argue that scholars seem to accept two assumptions they should reject: (1) that the relationship between free will and consciousness is best characterized in terms of conscious states and/or processes being part of the causal chain leading up to the action, and (2) that the third-person perspective is a suitable means to capturing the relationship between free will and consciousness. I provide an alternative proposal of how free will and consciousness may be related, in which an agent’s self-understanding of what she is doing and why, while acting, takes center stage. In order to capture the relationship between the two, I argue, the first-person perspective should be investigated instead of explained away.

A Pre-Registered Test of a Correlational Micro-PK Effect: Efforts to Learn from a Failure to Replicate

Micro-psychokinesis (micro-PK) research studies the effects of observers’ conscious or unconscious intentions on random outcomes derived from true random sources such as quantum random number generators (QRNGs). The micro-PK study presented here was originally planned, preregistered, and conducted to exactly replicate a correlational finding between two within-subject experimental conditions found in an original micro-PK dataset (n = 12,254) using a QRNG. However, after data collection and analyses, a data error was detected in the original to-be-replicated dataset. A reanalysis of the original correlation effect after error correction revealed strong evidence for the absence of a correlation in the original data. This study’s primary goal was to test the existence of a correlational micro-PK effect in the present data as specified in the pre-registration. In addition to this replication attempt, the present study also can be considered an unsystematic case report or field study on experimenter psi (e-psi), since a strong expectation was formed initially about the occurrence of an effect that indeed was objectively absent from the original data. This study’s results indicate no evidence for the existence of a correlational (and standard) micro-PK effect. In other words, the actual correlational data did not meet the experimenters’ conscious expectations, and thus no consciously based effect of e-psi on micro-PK was found. However, the change in evidence for the effect across time described by the sequential Bayes factor resembled a data pattern that also was frequently reported by the experimenters in past studies. Although these data did not meet the criterion of statistical significance, the marginal effects might be interpreted as weak influences based on unconscious e-psi. In addition, the trend observed matches both experimenters’ general beliefs about the occurrence of e-psi in micro-PK. These findings’ implications for the application of scientific methods to the study of micro-PK and psi in general are discussed.&#x0D; &#x0D; KEYWORDS&#x0D; &#x0D; Experimenter effects, experimenter psi (e-psi), micro-psychokinesis (micro-PK), quantum random number generator (qRNG)

Role of users’ status quo on continuance intentions

Accelerated technological innovations have led to shorter product life cycles. Yet, consumers often decide not to discard the incumbent technology in favor of a new technology. To explain this decision-making process, a rich research stream has investigated subconscious motivations. However, there is little understanding of the role of conscious motivations and, more importantly, their interplay with subconscious motivations in their decisions. Using the value appreciation perspective, we controlled for the predictors of the second version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) and leverage prospect theory to enrich our understanding of users’ continuance intentions. We conceptualize status quo preference with two new constructs—namely, the value of status quo and users’ commitment to status quo—and integrate them with other known predictors of continuance intentions (related to an incumbent system)—i.e., trust and habit. We empirically test our model in two studies. Study 1 was conducted among 2,096 users of smartphones in Hong Kong. Study 2 reports longitudinal data, across three waves of data collection over a period of six months, from 240 analysts introduced to a new technology to support their work in a large financial services organization. The findings support our model and suggest that (1) users’ status quo preferences significantly determine continuance intentions; and (2) trust and habit have an effect on users’ status quo preferences. These findings advance knowledge on continuance intentions by integrating the effects of users’ conscious and subconscious intentions to continue using the incumbent technology.

‘Pedagogic bodies’: embodied teaching-learning in the field of well-being

ABSTRACT Globally, modern contemplative practices like yoga and mindfulness are being widely adopted for the purposes of well-being. This paper begins to explore a possible pedagogy of well-being by taking the example of modern yoga in Los Angeles. Embodiment represents an important aspect of both well-being and cultural pedagogy. While there are rich insights around embodied learning, teaching bodies, in whose presence we learn, remain marginal. I unpack the forging and communication of embodied teaching knowledge in a pedagogy of well-being. Drawing on Herbart’s notion of pedagogical tact and Bourdieu’s interpretation of habitus, I propose the idea of pedagogic bodies that represents a conscious intent and concern for others within one’s own body, unpacking relational, pedagogical labor of teaching bodies. This paper shows how conscious intent and corporeal competence connect to human practice for the purposes of well-being and notes implications for education and pedagogy in general.

Disjunctive writing in the urban skinscape: Bodies, borders and the physiology of attention in a Rio de Janeiro favela

This article offers a creative disjunctive feminist analysis of affective rhythms within a complexly bordered complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. It explores the gendered atmospheric constitution of authority in the favela’s violent border spaces, arguing that authority is partly embodied through a channelling of attention. Attention is conceptualised as involving not just conscious intentions, perceptions and emotions, but also non-conscious rhythms of autonomous affective self-regulation. The article is structured through a tripartite disjunctive form that expresses the bordering of city, body and experience. Drawing on qualitative interview data, quantitative electrodermal activity physiological data and creative writing, the article dwells with the materiality of words and the forms of affects to express material and physiological aspects of emotion and affect in journeys around the internal border-spaces of the city. Adapting the modernist tradition of ‘stream of consciousness’ writing, we style a ‘stream of attention’ form of writing that expresses multiple modes of embodied, conscious and preconscious attention.

The meaning and origin of goal-directedness: a dynamical systems perspective

Abstract This paper attempts to clarify the notion of goal-directedness, which is often misunderstood as being inconsistent with standard causal mechanisms. We first note that goal-directedness does not presuppose any mysterious forces, such as intelligent design, vitalism, conscious intention or backward causation. We then review attempts at defining goal-directedness by means of more operational characteristics: equifinality, plasticity, persistence, concerted action and negative feedback. We show that all these features can be explained by interpreting a goal as a far-from-equilibrium attractor of a dynamical system. This implies that perturbations that make the system deviate from its goal-directed trajectory are automatically compensated—at least as long as the system stays within the same basin of attraction. We argue that attractors and basins with the necessary degree of resilience tend to self-organize in complex reaction networks, thus producing self-maintaining ‘organizations’. These can be seen as an abstract model of the first goal-directed systems, and thus of the origin of life.

Hysteria in neurology: a diagnostic approach to conversive disorder

IntroductionConversion disorder (a term that describes what was previously called hysteria) refers to motor or sensory symptoms, or both, that resemble a neurological disease, but that do not originate from or cannot be explained by a known physical disease.ObjectivesTo find reliable tools that can guide the difficult diagnosis of conversion disorder.MethodsBibliographic reviewResults The exact prevalence of the disorder is unknown. It is estimated that approximately 5% of referrals to neurology are for this disorder. Approximately one third of patients referred to the neurologist have symptoms that cannot be explained by an organic disease. Involuntary movements are the most common motor manifestations of the conversive syndrome, being tremor one of the most frequent manifestations. The first differential diagnosis of conversion disorder is neurological disease. It is currently not necessary for the diagnosis to assess whether or not the symptoms are produced intentionally, as the assessment of conscious intentionality is unreliable. The neurological examination is the fundamental tool for the diagnostic approach, being even more enlightening than the complementary tests. Hoover’s sign, Babinski’s combined leg flexion, plantar flexion of the ankle, tremor and its distraction and synchronisation manoeuvres, as well as the clinical differences between epileptic seizures and non-epileptic seizures of psychogenic origin, are some of the reliable tools for a correct diagnosis.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of the disease should be one of exclusion. There must be clinical data showing clear evidence of incompatibility with a neurological disease and conversion symptoms do not correspond to known physiological mechanisms and anatomical pathways.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Phenomenological control as cold control.

We first review recent work from our laboratory, which construes hypnotizability as an example of a more general trait of capacity for phenomenological control, which people can use to create subjective experiences in many nonhypnotic contexts where those experiences fulfill people's goals. Second, we review recent work, which construes phenomenological control as a specifically metacognitive process, where intentional cognitive and motor action occurs without awareness of specific intentions (cold control theory). In terms of the reach of phenomenological control, we argue that various laboratory phenomena, namely vicarious pain, mirror-touch synesthesia, and the rubber hand illusion are to an unknown degree a construction of phenomenological control. The argument can of course be extended in principle to other findings. In terms of the reach of cold control, we present a new theory of intentional binding and show how intentional binding can measure the absence of conscious intentions in the hypnotic context. We obtain no evidence that cold control confers abilities beyond the changes in the metacognitive monitoring it postulates, and we explore the negative correlation between mindfulness and cold control viewed as a lack of mindfulness of intentions.

Understanding First Person Media with India’s ElseVR Platform

ElseVR, the non-fiction offshoot of Memesys Cultural Lab, based in Mumbai India is one of the pioneering filmmaking labs working with mixed reality in India. It has been releasing 360 video documentaries as a VR app based quarterly magazine that demands spectatorship as well as engagement by way of the subjects it chooses to talk about. In a country where severe inequities of access are present, with digital and smartphone penetration being reasonably fragmented across the country, the feasibility and acceptance of such technology on a larger level remains to be seen. What is interesting however, are the intersections between civic engagement and technology in ElseVR’s documentaries. The documentaries are not only narrative in nature, but also employ and encourage the spectator to imagine different positions while viewing them. Using the concepts proposed by Nash (2022), in making sense of first-person experience in VR documentary, the researcher employs the position of a tourist, encounter, and witness (2022:108) while viewing three documentaries using ElseVR’s technology as a medium. The three films are Nishtha Jain’s Submerged (2016); Faiza Khan’s When Land Is Lost, Do We Eat Coal (2016) and Naomi Shah and Pourush Turel’s Caste is Not a Rumour (2017). Each position leads to an understanding of the experience of what it is like to enter a space that is not one’s own. Along with the researcher’s own interpretation, and an analysis of the supporting material on the documentaries (such as publications by humanitarian organizations on the topic of the documentaries), news media reports highlighting the issues, and online community conversation received from viewers on Else VR’s Facebook and Youtube channels was conducted to make sense of the overall engagement with the documentaries besides a first-person experience. Considerations of interest and inquisitiveness towards the content, and the affordances offered by the VR environment gave way to a multi-sensory experience where the positions of tourist, encounter and witness overlapped with no conscious intent. Going back and forth with the virtual community conversation around the films and the researcher’s experience of immersion with the documentaries, it was a heightened awareness of VR technology’s role in documentary filmmaking in non-Western environments. Avoiding a technologically determinist gaze, it was the larger purpose of VR journalism that stood out to bring to light stories that deserve more civic engagement.

Psychoanalytical Approach to Management Research:

Karl Popper has locked the reasoning of many researchers on a particular kind of rational thinking, that is, hypotheses stating and testing. For this reason, social sciences started to privilege a specific theory of personality. It is accurate to state that the common-sense knowledge, and resultant human "irrational" action, can be explained and even confronted by testing its assumptions. Nevertheless, Popper's categorization is not the only one possible. It neglects the irrationality of unconscious' intentions, a competing drive that directs human actions. In this paper, we discuss that, in accordance, management research and practice have strict relations with theories of personality that neglect the unconscious. For that reason, it assumes that humans are self-interested organisms like guinea pigs, neglecting this complementary supposition: the unconscious's intentions, structure, and dynamics that also drive human behavior, thinking, feeling, perceiving, and learning. The crucial integration of objective knowledge with the unconscious dynamic supposes the addition of the psychoanalytical problem to Popperian's psychological problem. Thus, the derivate capacity to explain human and social action understood as intention, plan, and act must consider conscious and unconscious intentions. The psychoanalytical approach to management research also provides ingenious methods like the awareness-enhancing interviews we present.

COVID-19: Socio-Political Transformation and Gadget Slavery

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to describe, understand and interpret the experiences of human life during particular situation of COVID-19.&#x0D; Methodology: It is a study of a phenomenon and explores what people have experienced during COVID-19 crisis. Analytical and observational methods were used for the finding of this research. The data is collected from journals, article and books. The study focused on the formal structure of socio-political institution available and its transformation with acts of intentional consciousness.&#x0D; Findings: During Covid-19 transformation phenomenon, the leading and influential role was played by mobile phones that are influencing, controlling, guiding and monitoring the lives of individuals all over the world. This interaction, association and relation with the gadget will be established through a new contract theory at global level, and it is not a social contract theory.&#x0D; Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: A new contract theory has been presented to describe emerging relationship of people with Gadget (cell phone). Consequently, a new contract, named ‘Socio-Gadget Contract’ between the Gadgets and the individuals, is an obligation. The current transformation phenomenon has appeared simultaneously all over the world, covering each state. So, it is unique as it has brought a uniform and symmetrical socio-political transformation globally. The physical environment, culture, social and political institutions, all have undergone this phenomenon.

Socio-cultural aspects of a Satere-Mawé circle game – Amazonase (praxiological analysis)

This work aimed to analyze the socio-motor and cultural representations present in the circle game, called CACURI, typical of the Sateré-Mawé/AM People. Under the focus of motor Praxiology we can define Cacuri as a socio-motor activity characterized as CAI in the classification of P. Parlebas, that is, it is performed with Companion, in the presence of Adversary and without Instability in the physical surroundings. In view of the theories of corporeity we can perceive the forms of socio-cultural representations and from this look it is undeniable that children learn by playing, recreating their day life, without any conscious intention of a productive survival activity, only by simply copying adult life. Therefore we are faced with another point to be analyzed in the face of corporeity, because fishing with Cacuri is carried out by the men of the community and the game is typical of the girl’s imaginary world.