Variance In Intention Research Articles

The Role of Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable between Servicescape and Repurchase Intention: A Study on Maxx Coffee Customers in Medan

Nowadays, cafes that serve coffee drinks are competing with one anotherextremely quickly. Understanding customer behavior is one strategy to win thecompetition. For instance, keeping an eye on customer satisfaction and theservicescape of their workplace. The aim of this research was to evaluate andascertain how Servicescape and Customer Satisfaction directly affectRepurchase Intention, as well as how Customer Satisfaction functions as anintermediate variable. A sample of 150 respondents was used in the descriptiveassociative research design. Using the Smart PLS application, the data analysistechnique is (Partial Least Square) PLS. The findings revealed that Servicescapeand Customer Satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on RepurchaseIntention; Servicescape has a positive and significant effect on CustomerSatisfaction; and Servicescape has a positive and significant effect onRepurchase Intention via Customer Satisfaction at Customer Maxx Coffee inMedan. The R-squared value for the variable of repurchase intention is 0.786,whereas the variable of customer satisfaction is 0.684. The acquisition of thesevalues explains that the percentage of large intention to repurchase can beexplained by servicescape and customer satisfaction of 78.6%, while theacquisition of the value that explains the percentage of the large performance ofcustomer satisfaction can be explained by servicescape of 68.4%.

What factors influence the individual’s behavior in engaging in income tax evasion? An investigation using SEM and fsQCA

PurposeThe substantial rise in tax evasion raises concerns about its adverse impact on the tax system’s integrity. This article aims to empirically investigate the factors affecting income tax evasion behavior among individuals in India’s National Capital Region (NCR).Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional design was applied to gather primary data from (N = 548) taxpayers using a “self-administered survey questionnaire.” The hybrid “partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)” approach was applied to analyze the data.FindingsThis research presents a comprehensive model that explains 53.4% of the variance in behavioral intention and accounts for 51.4% in the actual behavior of individuals who participate in income tax evasion. The outcomes show that high tax burden, corruption and complexity of the tax system significantly influence behavioral intention. On the contrary, digitalization and tax morale insignificantly influence behavioral intention. Notably, behavioral intention is significantly associated with the actual behavior of individuals engaging in income tax evasion.Practical implicationsThe outcomes offer valuable implications for practitioners, including policymakers, governments and tax authorities, to effectively curb income tax evasion behavior and help them make informed decisions.Originality/valueThe innovative research model enhances prevailing knowledge by providing empirical insights into the effect of income tax evasion behavior among individuals in India. This study also contributes methodologically by combining PLS (linear) and fsQCA (nonlinear) techniques, demonstrating that both methodologies offer a deeper comprehension of the factors affecting individual behavior to engage in income tax evasion.

The Influence of Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, And Social Influence on Use Behavior with Behavioral Intention as A Mediator (A Case Study of Cash on Delivery (COD) System Users in Marketplaces)

Online shopping has gained significant popularity due to the numerous conveniences it offers. Several marketplaces provide various premium services, including the Cash on Delivery (COD) payment system, which has become a prominent feature in Indonesia. COD caters to individuals who prefer traditional payment methods and are skeptical about online transactions. This payment method allows customers to mitigate concerns about potential fraud, such as non-delivery of goods or receiving empty packages, thereby offering a sense of security and trust in their purchases. This study aims to investigate the relationships between the variables of Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Behavioral Intention, and Use Behavior. The sample comprises individuals who have shopped on a marketplace using the COD payment system, with a total of 348 respondents. This research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing nonprobability sampling and data collection facilitated by the G-Power application. Data analysis was conducted using Smart-PLS version 4 software. The findings reveal a positive and significant impact of performance expectancy on behavioral intention, a positive and significant effect of effort expectancy on behavioral intention, and a positive and significant influence of social influence on behavioral intention. Furthermore, behavioral intention positively and significantly affects use behavior. Additionally, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence positively and significantly impact use behavior through behavioral intention.

From Online Learning to Clinical Practice: An Investigation on the Factors Influencing Training Transfer Among Physicians.

Introduction: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are an agile context for workplace training, which can provide physicians with needed knowledge and skills related to their clinical practice. From an organisational standpoint, their effectiveness can be assessed on physicians' intention to transfer what they learn through them in the workplace. Despite the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) standing among the more solid models in explaining individuals' behavioural intention, its adoption in investigating the training transfer process among physicians is notably underdeveloped, limiting its contribution to enhancing the transfer rates of MOOCs content. Method: Based on such a consideration, the present study adopted an extended TPB model to investigate the potential psychosocial factors affecting the intention to transfer knowledge and skills learned through MOOCs in the workplace among 217 Italian physicians who completed an online self-report questionnaire. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses were performed, showing that among the TPB variables, perceived behavioural control and attitude significantly predicted transfer intention. The inclusion of training satisfaction and job autonomy in the model significantly increased the explained variance in intention. Conclusions: These findings have valuable implications for human resource development (HRD) in healthcare as they suggest the need to design MOOCs based on a flexible competency model in order to promote physicians' engagement and commitment to adopting new knowledge and skills. Finally, interventions aimed at recognising physicians' efforts in transferring learned content as well as empowering their ability to shape how they perform their professional duties could further enhance the impact of workplace training.

The Influence of Product Quality on Buying Interest in Tourist Souvenir Shops on the Island of Lombok

This study explores the effect of product quality on the buying interest of tourists in souvenir shops in Lombok through a quantitative research approach. Structured questionnaires were administered to a stratified random sample of 100 tourists, evaluating product quality, buying interest, service quality, store ambiance, pricing, and promotional efforts. Data collection occurred both in person and online, and the relationship between product quality and buying interest was examined with control variables like service quality and pricing. Descriptive statistics summarized the demographics, and multiple regression analysis tested the hypotheses, with reliability and validity confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis. Ethical considerations included obtaining informed consent and maintaining anonymity. Despite potential limitations such as response bias and the specificity of findings to Lombok, the study validated the questionnaire and showed high reliability. Regression analysis indicated that product features, social influence, personal innovativeness, effort expectancy, and attitude significantly impact purchase intention. The model accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in purchase intention, offering valuable insights for local entrepreneurs and enhancing the understanding of tourism and consumer behavior.

Intention to khat chewing among youths in Raya-Azebo district, southern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia: application of the theory of planned behavior.

Khat chewing has become a global phenomenon, resulting in significant physical and mental health issues as well as socioeconomic crises. However, evidence is scarce on Ethiopian youths' behavioral intentions toward khat chewing, particularly in the Raya-Azebo district of the southern zone of the Tigray region. As a result, this study aimed to assess the intention to chew among youths in Raya-Azebo district, Southern Tigray, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 627 youths in northern Ethiopia's Raya-Azebo district. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multivariable linear regression model was used to predict the contribution of independent variables and identify variables strongly associated with chewing among youths. A considerable proportion, 192 (30.62%) of youths, had the intention to chew khat in the next 6 months. The component of the theory of planned behavior independently explained the variance in intention to chew by 83%. The strongest predictors of intention to chew were attitude (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), subjective norm (β = 0.297, p < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.15, p = 0.01). Behavioral intention toward khat chewing was a function of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control toward khat chewing. Strategies to empower youths to change a positive attitude toward khat chewing, programs targeted at resisting social pressures, and increasing self-efficacy to combat chewing are needed.

The push-pull-mooring model of consumer service switching: a meta-analytical review to guide future research

PurposeFor nearly 2 decades, the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model has been used frequently by scholars to explain consumers’ service switching intention and behavior. However, heterogeneity and incomparability between PPM model studies are prevalent issues: The chosen predictor variables, their categorization, their measurement, reported effect sizes, and effect directions vary considerably. By addressing these issues, the present meta-analytical review enables future researchers applying the PPM model to identify relevant variables and use valid measurements.Design/methodology/approachBased on 148 empirical studies employing the PPM model, the variables used to predict consumers’ service switching intention and behavior, their frequency of use, their categorization into push, pull, and mooring factors, and their measurement are assessed. The effect sizes and directions of the relationships between these variables and consumers’ service switching intention and behavior are analyzed using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Additionally, the predictive capacity of this model and the influence of moderators are assessed.FindingsAmong the 148 empirical studies, 382 different independent variables were used. The three most frequently used and distinctly categorized independent variables are dissatisfaction (push), alternative attractiveness (pull), and switching costs (mooring). Overall, 152 unique sources were cited to measure these variables and the dependent variables. Dissatisfaction and alternative attractiveness increase switching intention, which positively affects switching behavior, while switching costs decrease switching intention. The model explains 30% of the variance in switching intention and 31% of the variance in switching behavior.Originality/valueThis study provides the first meta-analytical review of the PPM model to guide future research systematically.

A staged integrated model informing the promotion of healthy dietary behaviors in adolescents: a prospective study

BackgroundThe promotion of healthy dietary behaviors in adolescence is critical, which have long-term implications for lifelong health. Integration is an important method for improving limited theories of dietary behavior change. The present study proposes an integrated model aimed at identifying the diverse determinants of healthy dietary behaviors in adolescents and assesses its stage-specific nature as the potential for effective interventions.MethodsA two-year prospective study was conducted in southwest China, involving a sample of 1990 adolescents (mean age: 15.06 years) from two randomly selected secondary schools. A total of 765 adolescents were exposed to the three-phase interventions while 1225 adolescents participated as the control group. The interventions aimed to promote healthy dietary behaviors in adolescents, which included health education sessions and health handbooks targeting specific constructs of the integrated model. The follow-up surveys after corresponding interventions were performed every six months. Self-reported frequency of healthy dietary behaviors, psychological constructs integrated from Health Action Process Approach, Health Belief Model, and Theory of Planned Behavior, as well as anxiety symptoms were measured.ResultsWithin structural equation modeling controlling for past behavior, the integrated model accounted for 61.7% variance of behavioral intentions and 19.1% variance of healthy dietary behaviors, and showed discontinuity patterns across behavior change phases. The pivotal constructs included outcome expectancies, perceived severity, subjective norms, action self-efficacy, behavioral intentions, action planning, and maintenance self-efficacy. Anxiety was an emotional barrier in the dietary behavior modification (β = -0.113, P < .001). Interventions within the staged integrated model, led to increased adoption of healthy dietary behaviors in intervention group compared to control group (33.40% vs. 25.70%, P < .05), indicating certain effectiveness, particularly in targeting action self-efficacy (stronger direct effects on behavioral intentions and maintenance self-efficacy, β = 0.489 to 0.704, P < .001).ConclusionsThe staged integrated model provides a detailed understanding of the determinants of healthy dietary behaviors in adolescence, highlighting anxiety as an emotional barrier that impedes positive cognition and healthy dietary behaviors. It provides valuable guidance for future interventions targeting specific constructs across behavior change phases, with particular emphasis on enhancing action self-efficacy.

Unearthing the determinants of digital innovation adoption in the agricultural sector: The role of food security awareness and agricultural experience.

Extant research has widely acknowledged the role of digital innovation as a facilitator of digital transformation, presenting solutions for various challenges in various industries. However, prior research demonstrates inadequate discussions on the determinants of digital innovation adoption for digital transformation in developing countries, particularly in the agricultural sector. To address this gap, this study investigates the effect of food security awareness, innovation characteristics, and the moderating role of agricultural experience on behavioral intention to adopt digital innovation in the agricultural sector. A dyadic model based on diffusion innovation theory and the technology acceptance model is proposed to investigate the phenomenon. This study employed a cross-sectional quantitative approach to investigate the phenomenon based on survey data collected from 207 study participants in Ghana's agricultural sector and the partial least square structural equation modeling technique. The study's findings revealed that personal innovativeness significantly affects food security awareness (β=0.574; p<0.000), relative advantage (β=0.699; p<0.000), compatibility (β=0.687; p<0.000), and complexity (β=0.312; p<0.000). In addition, food security awareness (β=0.336; p<0.000), compatibility (β=0.257; p<0.000), and agricultural experience (β=0.238; p<0.003) significantly affect behavioral intention to adopt digital innovation. Furthermore, the study revealed that agricultural experience (β=-0.145; p<0.036) moderates the relationship between compatibility and behavioral intention. Together, these variables explain 78.9% of the variance in behavioral intention to adopt digital innovation in the agricultural sector in Ghana. The study contributes to the literature on digital innovation adoption in the agricultural sector in developing countries and proffers actionable insights for practitioners.

Health literacy and online pharmacy adoption by Saudi population using UTAUT

The field of online pharmacies is expanding rapidly and has become a crucial component in delivering pharmaceutical services across Saudi Arabia. This study aims to explore the factors influencing the adoption of online pharmacies by the Saudi population, utilizing an enhanced version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. This study employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing an online questionnaire that was pre-validated and shared via social media channels between August 2024 and October 2024. The study focused on Arabic-speaking individuals aged &gt;18 years. The gathered data were examined through structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS software (v.22.0). The study found that the UTAUT model demonstrates strong applicability in explaining the adoption of online pharmacies, accounting for 62.4% (R² = 0.624) of the variance in behavioral intention. Among the key factors, effort expectancy (p &lt; 0.001) emerges as the most influential predictor of behavioral intention, followed by facilitating conditions (p &lt; 0.001) and health literacy (p &lt; 0.001). However, the analysis reveals that perceived risk (p &gt; 0.05) and personal innovativeness (p &gt; 0.05) do not have a statistically significant impact on behavioral intention. The study results would help formulate more effective strategies for establishing online pharmacy operations in developing nations like Saudi Arabia. This study contributes to enhancing the traditional UTAUT model through the integration of additional factors such as health literacy, personal innovativeness, perceived risk, and perceived trust. These variables introduce new dimensions to the existing literature on online pharmacies.

Does a history with sexual assault impact bystander intervention engagement?

Bystander intervention is a method of sexual violence prevention aimed at reducing the serious and pervasive issue of sexual assault on college campuses. The current study utilises the reasoned action approach (RAA) to examine potential differences in bystander intervention engagement between college students with exposure or experience related to sexual assault to students with no such history. Students (n=290) from two mid-sized universities completed a survey examining the RAA constructs (instrumental and experiential attitudes, injunctive and descriptive norms, capacity and autonomy), their sexual assault knowledge, and anticipated regret in reference to bystander intervention. Results showed that participants with exposure or experience related to sexual assault had significantly higher behavioural intentions (p=.018; d=.31), instrumental attitudes (p&lt;.001; d=.55), injunctive norms (p=.026; d=.29), capacity (p=.002; d=.40), autonomy (p=.022; d=.28), anticipated regret (p&lt;.001; d=.56), and sexual assault knowledge (p=.018; d=.31). The RAA constructs also explained a significant amount of the variance of intentions for both groups (with exposure/experience adjust R2 =.501; without exposure/experience adjust R2 =.660). The RAA constructs and anticipated regret appear to be important predictors to consider when planning bystander intervention programmes aimed at reducing sexual assault on college campuses.

The impact of reproductive health knowledge, reproductive health-promoting behavior, and sexual communication on intention to visit obstetrics and gynecology in unmarried women: a cross-sectional study.

Women are experiencing reproductive health abnormalities at younger ages, and the incidence of cervical cancer in women in their 20s and 30s is increasing. Various factors hinder visits to obstetrics and gynecology. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore how health knowledge, reproductive health-promoting behavior, and sexual communication influenced the degree of intention to visit obstetrics and gynecology in unmarried women. The participants included 170 Korean unmarried women in their 20s and 30s. The data were collected via an online survey from December 11 to 22, 2023. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-factor analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. On average, participants were 24.64±0.31 years of age. The intention to visit obstetrics and gynecology was high (11.46±3.51). Visiting obstetrics and gynecology was positively correlated with knowledge of reproductive health (r=.26, p=.001), reproductive health-promoting behavior (r=.43, p<.001), and sexual communication (r=.37, p<.001), all with statistical significance. Experience of visiting obstetrics and gynecology (β=0.40, p<.001), reproductive health-promoting behavior (β=.25, p<.001), sexual experience (β=0.22, p<.001), sexual communication (β=0.20, p=.001), and reproductive health knowledge (β=0.12, p=.033) explained 54.2% of variance in intention to visit obstetrics and gynecology in unmarried women. The findings of this study can be used to develop programs for unmarried women to improve reproductive health-promoting behavior, sexual communication, and reproductive health knowledge, and increase the intention to visit obstetrics and gynecology.

The Effect of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use on Intention to Use Accounting Applications for UNPAB Accounting Students

This study aims to determine the relationship between the independent variables of perceived ease and perceived usefulness on the dependent variable of intention to use accounting applications with the subjects being accounting students and students in semester 3 and semester 7 at Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi. The population consists of 60 students and female students obtained through a sampling method, namely purposive sampling. The data collection method was carried out using a survey, namely a questionnaire distributed online via google form. The data analysis technique was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS version 23 statistical application. The results of the analysis show that the independent variable perceived usefulness has a significant effect on intention to use accounting applications, it was also found that the perceived ease of use variable has a significant effect on intention to use accounting applications.

Boosting Visitors Revisit Intention in Culinary Tourism Destination

Culinary ventures serve as one of the attractions that can draw visitors to a particular region. The influx of visitors to a culinary destination can be triggered by the presence of a physical environment that provides comfort and satisfaction to visitors. One such culinary tourism destination that offers an attractive and diverse physical environment is the city of Bandung, especially with its Sundanese culture representing the social conditions of the environment. Bandung presents renowned culinary tourism known throughout Indonesia for its rich variety of culinary delights, captivating visitors and encouraging return visits. Hence, this research aims to investigate the influence of physical environment on revisit intention through perceived value at famous culinary spots in Bandung. This study employs descriptive and verificative analysis methods, utilizing questionnaires as the data collection instrument. A total of 175 respondents participated in this research. The findings reveal the presence of an influence between the physical environment variable and the revisit intention variable, with perceived value acting as a mediator.

Futile care in COVID-19: how ICU nurses’ resilience impacts turnover intention? A cross-sectional descriptive study

BackgroundFutile care is a set of actions without creating a reasonable chance of benefiting critically ill patients. In the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to discuss futile care perception. This may cause unbearable pressure for nurses in terms of resilience and turnover intention.This study was designed to determine the ICU nurses’ perception of futile care in COVID-19 patients and its relationship with resilience and turnover intention.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 251 nurses working in COVID-19 ICUs, in 2021 who were recruited with the quota sampling method. The data collection tools included questionnaires for demographic information, futile care, resilience assessment, and turnover intention. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS v26 software.ResultsA high mean level (64.78 ± 9.98) of futile care perception was found in the studied nurses, and their mean levels of turnover intention (36.4 ± 5.1) and resilience (65.5 ± 14.1) were evaluated at a moderate level. A significant and inverse relationship was observed between futile care perception and resilience (P = 0.047, rs = -0.077). There was a significant and positive relationship between futile care perception and turnover intention (P = 0.026, rs = 0.151). The resilience and turnover intention variables were correlated inversely and significantly (rs = -0.158, P = 0.014).ConclusionThe adoption of appropriate strategies by managers can direct the nursing care path from futile to useful care. Given the significant relationship between resilience and turnover intention, it is recommended to teach strategies in the teaching program of nurses to enhance their resilience.

College students’ disciplinary expertise and their entrepreneurial intentions: an exploratory study based on foreign language majors with experience in innovation and entrepreneurship training programs

Taking foreign language majors with experience in innovation and entrepreneurship training program (IETP) as samples, this study investigates the influence of disciplinary expertise on entrepreneurial intention. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a model was designed to examine the relationships among entrepreneurial intentions, perceived behavioral control, attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, IETP experience, foreign language self-efficacy and cultural intelligence. The data were collected through questionnaires and Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to test the hypotheses. The results show that: (1) perceived behavioral control and attitude toward entrepreneurship are sound predictors of entrepreneurial intentions but the influence of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intentions is insignificant; (2) IETP experience is directly related with perceived behavioral control and indirectly related with entrepreneurial intentions; (3) indicators of participants’ disciplinary expertise such as foreign language self-efficacy and cultural intelligence are directly related with IETP experience and indirectly related with entrepreneurial intentions. These six variables included in the research model account for 53.4% of the variance of entrepreneurial intentions.

Predictors of intention to stay in the profession among novice nurses: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Preserving new graduate nurses in the profession is an essential step for addressing the nursing shortage and sustaining the future of the profession. This study aimed to examine the relationship between employment characteristics and job satisfaction of novice nurses and their willingness to stay in the nursing profession in the next 5 years. Methods Novice nurses’ intention to stay in the profession was assessed, considering demographics, employment characteristics, and components of job satisfaction. Among the sample of 216 novice nurses (93% response rate), four components of job satisfaction were extracted and included in the multivariable logistic regression model with the intention to stay in the profession as a dependent variable. Results Professional self-accomplishment was significantly and positively associated with the intention to stay in the profession, with an elevation of one standard deviation in this component associated with more than a two-fold increase in the odds of staying (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–3.9). This component contributed 10% to the variance in intention to stay. Independently, managerial support also contributed 10% to the variance and was significantly associated with willingness to stay (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0). Overall, self-accomplishment, managerial support, and healthier organizational culture were significantly associated with novice nurses’ intention to stay, whereas work conditions and rewards were not. The multivariable analysis model explained 38.0% of the variance in the intention to stay in the profession. Conclusions This study found that novice nurses’ intention to stay in the profession is highly associated with their self-accomplishment and better managerial support. Thus, to enhance the retention of novice nurses, managers must establish an environment that fosters professional development and support. This involves providing engaging work assignments, facilitating the seamless integration of novice nurses into the team, and offering managerial support and guidance.

A Model of Bystander Helping to Prevent Suicide: Examining and Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior

Research documents alarmingly high suicidal behavior risk among adolescents and young adults in the United States. A related concern is similarly high rates of exposure to the self-directed violence (SDV) of others. The current study examined how components of the Theory of Planned Behavior explain factors related to helping social network members engaging in SDV. Baseline data ( N = 4,982) from the longitudinal study, Project Lift Up, were analyzed cross-sectionally. Young people, ages 13 to 22, were recruited through social media platforms; sexual and gender minority youth were oversampled. Participants answered questions about exposure to other people’s SDV and measures of key constructs related to the Theory of Planned Behavior for helping reduce SDV including perceptions of what others think about helping and behavioral control. Three outcomes were assessed: Intent to help someone, proactive behavior to promote the other person’s mattering, and proactive behavior to prevent SDV. Measures showed adequate reliability and validity (Cronbach’s alphas above .70). Overall, regression analyses across the three outcomes partially supported the Theory of Planned Behavior. Attitudes and confidence explained variance in intent to help and proactive behavior outcomes, whereas intent and social norms showed more mixed associations with the three outcomes. While the Theory of Planned Behavior is useful to explain gatekeeper outcomes for suicide prevention, specific significant factors within the model vary by the specific outcome being examined. Further research to unpack nuances in gatekeeper behaviors is needed and may help design prevention strategies.

BEYOND PURCHASE DECISIONS: UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVERS OF CONSUMER BOYCOTT INTENTIONS IN MALAYSIA

The continuous international conflict between Palestine-Israel has prompted calls for boycott against for goods and services or brands perceived to be alleged ties or supporting Israel. This study investigates the determinants of consumer boycott intentions in Malaysia, employing the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a theoretical framework. A survey of 229 Malaysian consumers was conducted to examine how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control influence intentions to boycott products and services perceived to have connections with Israel. Additionally, the study explores the relationship between boycott intentions and actual purchase behaviour. Structural equation modeling reveals that attitudes (β = 0.688, p &lt; 0.01) and perceived behavioural l control (β = 0.153, p &lt; 0.01) positively influence boycott intentions, while subjective norms do not have a significant effect. Contrary to expectations, no significant relationship was found between boycott intentions and actual purchase behaviour. The model explains 72.7% of the variance in boycott intentions, demonstrating the TPB's efficacy in understanding consumer boycotts within the Malaysian context.

Measuring The Level of Cybersecurity Awareness of Social Media Users Among Students

The role of social media is increasingly important and easily accessible through mobile phones, slowly replacing conventional mass media. The development of Internet technology has made many users forget the importance of cybersecurity awareness, which impacts social media activities. As a result, cyber-attacks on social networks are now more frequent because many users still need help understanding cybersecurity well. Based on data BSSN, cyberattacks in Indonesia increased significantly from 290.3 million in 2019 to 495.3 million in 2020, representing a 41% rise. Social media users need to understand cybersecurity, a technology that protects data, networks, and programs from illegal access or digital attacks, known as cybercrime. Eighty-four respondents participated in the study. This study aims to measure the level of cybersecurity awareness and contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical insights into the level of cybersecurity awareness among university students. This study can also help raise awareness among the public, particularly young users, about the importance of protecting privacy and security while engaging in the digital world. This behaviour is measured using the five TPB variables: attitude, subjective form, perceived behaviour control, intention, and behaviour. Variables from TPB are then processed using SEM-PLS tools with the help of SmartPLS. Based on the study's results, it is concluded that the attitude and subjective form variables do not significantly affect the intention variable. In contrast, the perceived behaviour control variable significantly affects the intention variable, and the behaviour variable significantly affects intention.