Intensive Mobilization Research Articles

Twenty one years of HIV/AIDS medicines in the newspaper: patents, protest, and philanthropy

In 1996, highly active antiretrovirals (ARVs) were released to the public, radically altering the health prospects of people living with HIV and AIDS. In the two decades since, ARVs have become the subject of intense political debate and social justice mobilization. In particular, ARV intellectual property patent protections have become a high-profile trade and diplomacy issue, while major philanthropic organizations have entered the fray to support large-scale treatment programs. This article maps 21 years of HIV/AIDS medicines coverage in mainstream newspapers to illustrate these developments and contestations. It demonstrates two main processes: first, where civil society mobilization successfully promoted ARVs onto the media and policy agenda, and second, where issue fragmentation and a changing political and media context saw ARVs dramatically exit the news coverage, despite the continuing catastrophic scale of the global HIV/AIDS medicines crisis.

Democratization and Social Movements in South Korea: Defiant Institutionalization

South Korea provides an intellectual challenge in the fields of social movements and democracy in that intense mobilization and the strong influence of social movements have accompanied steady democratization for more than two decades, despite major theories having predicted otherwise. This book examines how social movements in previously authoritarian contexts evolve after democratic transition, using South Korea as a case study. It explores how democratic change influences the form of social movements, and how social movements affect the pace and direction of democracy in turn. It explains how South Korean social movements were able to attain strong political influence by focusing on four causal factors: the configuration of major political actors during the transition period, the relational dynamics among social movement groups, the relationship between social movements and institutionalized political actors, and the impact of transnational forces in the post-transition period. Unlike previous scholarship, the book takes a historical, actor-centered, and process-oriented approach that closely follows the interactions among contending actors through event sequences, rather than being driven by abstract theoretical frameworks. In doing so, it analyses uses a broad range of evidence, including police records, untapped activist documents, presidential memoirs, newspaper accounts and original data sets. Shedding light on the complex political reality that gave rise to a contentious civil society in South Korea after democratization, this book also illuminates the institutional conditions that can help promote domestic peace and stability. Therefore it will be of great use to students and scholars of Korean Studies, Korean politics and social movements, as well as policy makers.

CADRE ROTATION AND CAMPAIGN MOBILIZATION IN CHINA'S ANTICORRUPTION ENFORCEMENT

AbstractIn authoritarian regimes, anticorruption measures are fundamentally mechanisms of controlling agents at various levels. To do this, the principal can either rely on routine bureaucratic management or resort toad hoc, intense mobilization to discipline its agents. Using China as a case study, this article explores which mode of top-down control exerts greater influence on the pattern of anticorruption enforcement. We focus on the cadre rotation system as an example of routine management techniques and examine its effects on provincial level enforcement. We also investigate how provinces respond to the central government's periodic call to intensify anticorruption efforts. Based on provincial enforcement data from 1998 to 2013, our analysis finds that the proportion of rotated officials has little impact on enforcement outcomes. Rather, the vigor of enforcement in the provinces responds strongly to national policy priorities, suggesting a highly centralized disciplinary system. Moreover, provinces of greater political importance are under more central pressure to conform. The findings challenge the often-made argument that stable institutions are effective in fostering top-down control in authoritarian regimes, and suggest that campaign mobilization continues to be an essential instrument at the dictator's disposal.

Influence of lipoproteins at dry-off on metabolism of dairy cows during transition period and on postpartum reproductive outcomes

High-yielding dairy cows are metabolically challenged during transition, when intense mobilization and hepatic oxidation of lipids is achieved, thus leading to fatty infiltration, ketosis and generalized inflammation. The condition is associated to periparturient diseases and poor fertility. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum lipoprotein concentrations in the dry period could influence the occurrence of postpartum diseases and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The study was carried out on 30 multiparous Holstein Friesian cows. Blood samples were collected at dry-off (−60 days), 30 days after dry-off and within 12 h after parturition for biochemical and serum lipoprotein assays. From 10 to 60 days after parturition milk was collected twice weekly after feeding, for milk whey progesterone assay. The Optimal Cutpoint package identified a threshold of 89% for serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) concentration at the beginning of the dry period with 95% of confidence interval. Cows with serum HDL greater than 89% (High group, n = 10) showed better reproductive performance when compared to those with low values (Low group, n = 18). The odds ratio for reproductive disorders in High group was 0.6875, however, differences were not significant probably due to both the reduced number of animals per group and overall low incidence of postpartum reproductive disease. First postpartum luteal activity occurred around day 23, while the second one between days 40 and 48. The average calving to first AI interval was 64.00 ± 3.95 days and 94.50 ± 12.32 days in High and Low group, respectively (P < 0.05). The calving-conception interval was 129.86 ± 24.42 days and 199.18 ± 24.73 days in High and Low groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Low group displayed an increase in liver markers, that is total bilirubin, with 0.46 ± 0.09 mg/dL and 0.23 ± 0.08 mg/dL, in Low and High group respectively (P < 0.05), and NEFA/cholesterol ratio, with 0.30 ± 0.06 and 0.14 ± 0.03, in Low and High groups, respectively (P < 0.05), at parturition. Concentrations of HDL >89% at dry-off could be suggestive of improved liver adaptation to the transition, and probably of enhanced fertility in High group.

Overcoming nursing barriers to intensive care unit early mobilisation: A quality improvement project

ObjectivesTo increase adherence with intensive care unit mobility by developing and implementing a mobility training program that addresses nursing barriers to early mobilisation. DesignAn intensive care unit mobility training program was developed, implemented and evaluated with a pre-test, immediate post-test and eight-week post-test. Patient mobility was tracked before and after training. SettingA ten bed cardiac intensive care unit. Main outcome measuresThe training program’s efficacy was measured by comparing pre-test, immediate post-test and 8-week post-test scores. Patient mobilisation rates before and after training were compared. Protocol compliance was measured in the post training group. ResultsNursing knowledge increased from pre-test to immediate post-test (p<0.0001) and pre-test to 8-week post-test (p<0.0001). Mean test scores decreased by seven points from immediate post-test (80±12) to 8-week post-test (73±14). Fear significantly decreased from pre-test to immediate post-test (p=0.03), but not from pre-test to 8-week post-test (p=0.06) or immediate post-test to 8-week post-test (p=0.46). Post training patient mobility rates increased although not significantly (p=0.07). Post training protocol compliance was 78%. ConclusionThe project successfully increased adherence with intensive care unit mobility and indicates that a training program could improve adoption of early mobility.

The metabolic response in fish to mildly elevated water temperature relates to species-dependent muscular concentrations of imidazole compounds and free amino acids

Fish species show distinct differences in their muscular concentrations of imidazoles and free amino acids (FAA). This study was conducted to investigate whether metabolic response to mildly elevated water temperature (MEWT) relates to species-dependent muscular concentrations of imidazoles and FAA. Thirteen carp and 17 Nile tilapia, housed one per aquarium, were randomly assigned to either acclimation (25°C) or MEWT (30°C) for 14 days. Main muscular concentrations were histidine (HIS; P<0.001) in carp versus N-α-acetylhistidine (NAH; P<0.001) and taurine (TAU; P=0.001) in tilapia. Although the sum of imidazole (HIS+NAH) and TAU in muscle remained constant over species and temperatures (P>0.05), (NAH+HIS)/TAU ratio was markedly higher in carp versus tilapia, and decreased with MEWT only in carp (P<0.05). Many of the muscular FAA concentrations were higher in carp than in tilapia (P<0.05). Plasma acylcarnitine profile suggested a higher use of AA and fatty acids in carp metabolism (P<0.05). On the contrary, the concentration of 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine, a sink of leucine catabolism, (P=0.009) pointed to avoidance of leucine use in tilapia metabolism. Despite a further increase of plasma longer-chain acylcarnitines in tilapia at MEWT (P=0.009), their corresponding beta-oxidation products (3-hydroxy-longer-chain acylcarnitines) remained constant. Together with higher plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in carp (P=0.001), the latter shows that carp, being a fatter fish, more readily mobilises fat than tilapia at MEWT, which coincides with more intensive muscular mobilization of imidazoles. This study demonstrates that fish species differ in their metabolic response to MEWT, which is associated with species-dependent changes in muscle imidazole to taurine ratio.

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Electoral Institutions on Campaigns

A long tradition of studies in political science has unveiled the effects of electoral institutions on party systems and parliamentary representation. Yet their effects on campaign activities remain overlooked. Research in this tradition still lacks a strong comparative element able to explore the nuanced role of electoral institutions in shaping individual-level campaigns during first-order parliamentary elections. This study uses data from a variety of national candidate studies to address this lacuna, and shows that the structure of electoral institutions affects the electoral mobilization efforts put in place by candidates. Candidate-centred electoral systems incentivize more intense and complex mobilization efforts, and shift the campaign focus towards individuals rather than parties. By directly addressing the effects of electoral institutions on campaign behaviour, this study contributes to the wider debate on their role in promoting political engagement and mobilization. These results indicate that electoral institutions affect political competition much more than previously thought.

Elastic resource provisioning in hybrid mobile cloud for computationally intensive mobile applications

The paper addresses the integration of hybrid cloud with mobile applications. The challenge about hybrid mobile cloud resource provisioning is the trade-offs between energy consumption, performance provided to users and how resources, such as processing power and network, are being utilized. The proposed elastic hybrid mobile cloud resource provisioning model is jointly optimized to improve mobile user experience within the constraints of available resources and user QoS requirement. The paper presents the system utility of hybrid cloud system involving local cloud and public cloud infrastructure. From the perspectives of both mobile applications and cloud providers, the proposed system utility is optimized to improve the performance of mobile applications and the utilization of cloud resources. The proposed elastic hybrid mobile cloud resource provisioning algorithm includes two sub-algorithms. To evaluate and validate performance of the proposed algorithm, a series of experiments are conducted. The comparison results and analyses are discussed. The experimental results show the improvement to previous works.

Abstract 105: Early But Not Too Early, High Intensity Physical Exercise Rehabilitation May be Beneficial: A Pilot Clinical Study

Introduction: Very early mobilization (VEM) is thought to be beneficial for stroke-unit care, but many key factors, such as initiation time and intensity, have not been optimized. We attempted to determine an optimal mobilization plan with well-defined initiation time and intensity in clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with blinded assessment at follow-up. Patients with ischemic stroke, first or recurrent, admitted to the stroke unit within 24 h of stroke onset who met physiological criteria were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 3 groups: Routine Mobilization (RM) received a lower dose of out-of-bed mobilization (&lt;1.5h/d) 24-48 h post-stroke, Very Early and Intensive Mobilization (VEIM) received a higher dose of out-of-bed mobilization (≥3h/d) within 24 h, and Early and Intensive Mobilization (EIM) received a higher dose of out-of-bed mobilization (≥3h/d) 24-48 h post-stroke. Out-of-bed mobilization involves sitting, standing, and walking with or without assistance. The intervention period lasted 10-14 days. All the patients received standard medical therapy according to their different conditions. Patient function was evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge, 3 months after, and 6 months after. The primary target was a favorable outcome at follow-up, defined as an mRS score of 0-2. We used the Friedman test and the chi-squared test on a fourfold table for significance. Results: A total of 150 patients were recruited, and 120 (80%) finished the training and follow-up assessment with 30 patients dropping out (10 in RM, 12 in VEIM and 8 in EIM). Patients receiving VEIM had lower odds of a favorable outcome at both 3 and 6 months, although the difference did not reach the p = 0.05 level of significance. In the VEIM group, only 42.1% of patients had a favorable outcome 6 months after discharge, as opposed to 55.0% of RM patients and 61.9% of EIM patients. Conclusions: The higher dose mobilization protocol started within 24 h post-stroke was not associated with an increase of favorable outcomes at both 3 and 6 months post-discharge, but rather with a trend toward poorer outcomes. However, the higher dose mobilization protocol started within 48 h post-stroke may lead to a better outcome.

Enforceability of noncompetition agreements and firm innovation: does state regulation matter?

In this study, we examine how noncompetition agreements and the mobility of human capital – a core asset of any firm – affect innovations of publicly traded firms in the United States. We find that firms in states with stricter noncompetition enforcement have fewer patent applications. We also examine patent forward citations and find that tougher enforcement of such contracts is associated with less innovative patents. Notably, we find that stronger enforcement of noncompetition agreements impedes innovation for firms facing intense industry labor mobility. High-powered, equity-based compensation positively moderates the relationship between noncompetition enforcement and innovation, but only for the quality of innovation.

An investigation of sagittal thoracic spinal curvature and mobility in subjects with and without chronic neck pain: cut-off points and pain relationship.

Thoracic spine insufficiency is a subject of interest in neck problems. The aim was to investigate thoracic spinal curvature and mobility in subjects with and without chronic neck pain (CNP), cut-off points, and the relationship with pain. Fifty-six patients with CNP (CNP group) and 53 healthy volunteers (control group) were included. Neck pain intensity of the patients was assessed by visual analogue scale and sagittal thoracic curvature and mobility of all participants were assessed by Spinal Mouse (Idiag, Fehraltorf, Switzerland). Thoracic curvature was higher (P < 0.001) and mobility lower in the CNP group in comparison to the control group (P = 0.013). There was a positive correlation between pain intensity and thoracic curvature (r = 0.391, P < 0.001), while there was a negative correlation between pain intensity and thoracic mobility (r = -0.260, P = 0.006). For detecting neck pain, it was observed that the cut-off points for thoracic curvature and mobility were 45.5° and 30.0°, respectively. An increase in thoracic curvature of more than 45° and a decrease in mobility more than 30° may be critical for CNP patients.

A framework for computational offloading to extend the energy of mobile devices in mobile cloud computing

In this paper, we devise a novel offloading policy for energy efficient mobile cloud computing. Limitations, such as poor processing ability and limited battery life, make it difficult for mobile devices to process complex computational tasks. The mobile devices in traditional local processing find it difficult to execute high-bandwidth-consuming videos, and solve this problem by offloading complex executions of the application onto cloud computing to minimise the processing requirements and energy consumption of the mobile device, thereby overcoming the limitations of poor processing ability and limited battery life of said mobile device. The energy efficient framework focuses on mobile cloud computing (MCC), which employs computational offloading for computationally intensive mobile applications on the mobile devices. An input device, namely, a virtual network computing (VNC) client, is installed on the local mobile device and connected to the VNC server, which is installed in the cloud. Energy consumption of the selected application is reduced up to 67.19% by computational offloading compared to traditional methods. The results were observed to be encouraging.

A framework for computational offloading to extend the energy of mobile devices in mobile cloud computing

In this paper, we devise a novel offloading policy for energy efficient mobile cloud computing. Limitations, such as poor processing ability and limited battery life, make it difficult for mobile devices to process complex computational tasks. The mobile devices in traditional local processing find it difficult to execute high-bandwidth-consuming videos, and solve this problem by offloading complex executions of the application onto cloud computing to minimise the processing requirements and energy consumption of the mobile device, thereby overcoming the limitations of poor processing ability and limited battery life of said mobile device. The energy efficient framework focuses on mobile cloud computing (MCC), which employs computational offloading for computationally intensive mobile applications on the mobile devices. An input device, namely, a virtual network computing (VNC) client, is installed on the local mobile device and connected to the VNC server, which is installed in the cloud. Energy consumption of the selected application is reduced up to 67.19% by computational offloading compared to traditional methods. The results were observed to be encouraging.

Mobility-Aware Coded Probabilistic Caching Scheme for MEC-Enabled Small Cell Networks

Caching on the edge has been recognized as an effective solution to tackle the backhaul constraint of network densification. However, most related works ignored user mobility in wireless networks, which is unreasonable under the background of network densification. For a more flexible and context-aware caching decision, the concept of caching on the edge can be extended to mobile edge computing (MEC) that enables computation and storage resources at mobile edge networks. With MEC servers deployed on base stations, a huge amount of collected radio access network context data can be analyzed and utilized to render a caching scheme adaptive to user’s context-aware information. In this regard, a novel mobility-aware coded probabilistic caching scheme is proposed for MEC-enabled small cell networks (SCNs). Different from previous mobility-aware caching schemes, user mobility and distributed storage are incorporated into a conventional probabilistic caching scheme, with the aim of throughput maximization. Based on stochastic geometry theory and a modified mobility model of discrete random jumps, the explicit expression of throughput is derived. Due to the complexity of the expression, two light-weight heuristic algorithms are provided to numerically obtain the optimal solutions. Moreover, a significant trade-off among the gains of mobility diversity, content diversity, and channel selection diversity is discussed, and we further numerically analyze how such a trade-off is influenced by user mobility, content popularity, and backhaul capacity, with some fundamental insights into the application of the proposed scheme in MEC-enabled SCNs. The superiority of our proposed scheme is demonstrated by the comparisons with the classical M most popular caching scheme and the conventional probabilistic caching scheme. Numerical results show that our proposed caching scheme achieves higher throughput than those of the other two, especially when users of intense mobility request contents, of which the popularity profile is not skewed, in MEC-enabled SCNs with poor backhaul capacity, indicating that the proposed caching scheme is a promising solution for network densification.

Qualité de l'éducation et de la formation entre stratégie RH et certification

Enseigner le Management n'est plus hors de portée des professionnels de la qualité. Toute institution désirant se positionner sur la plan international est sensée s'inscrire dans la course des accréditations internationales (type EFMD, AACSB). Les standards en la matière exigent, dés lors, une vraie stratégie de différentiation et de qualité imposant un modèle RH axé sur la gestion des compétences, un système de carrière attractif et une politique de motivation poussée. Cette étude se focalise sur un cas d'une école de gestion réputée au Maroc qui, à travers son projet de certification EPAS (produit de l'EFMD), a pu revisiter sa stratégie RH en mettant l'accent sur le développement de ses Ressources Humaines aussi bien au niveau de son corps professoral que son personnel administratif. Passer d'un modèle RH Hard à un modèle RH Hybride (imbriquant le Hard avec le Soft) est tributaire d'une réingénierie des processus RH adaptée à un dispositif d'éducation et de formation systémique et ouvert. Tout développement RH visant le corps professoral passe par une politique d'incitation à la recherche, une mobilité intensive et une formation aux nouveaux outils pédagogiques intégrant le virtuel. Une série d'alignements stratégique, organisationnel et opérationnel est à vérifier en vue de réussir ce projet d'hybridation des deux modèles RH et assurer une amélioration continue tout au long du processus d'encadrement et de formation des managers responsables et capables de relever les défis du demain.

Job-related “high mobility” in times of economic crisis: Analysis from four European countries

ABSTRACTSocial and spatial mobility is a core value of late modern societies. Increasing numbers of people are practicing work-related high mobility, such as daily or weekly long-distance commuting and frequent work-related travel. In this article we propose to explore the impact of the economic crisis on job-related high mobility. The data used come from a European longitudinal quantitative survey (in Germany, Spain, France, and Switzerland) of work-related mobile individuals. Several dimensions are considered, including mobility practices and perceptions thereof and individuals’ abilities and willingness to move. Faced with an economic crisis, working people are turning to these forms of intensive work-related high mobility. Unemployment, or the risk of it, encourages people to plan high mobility for the future because it proves to be an important resource for access to jobs/employment. However, those affected are often poorly served by transport infrastructure and have weak mobility skills.

If You Mobilize Them, They Will Become Informed: Experimental Evidence that Information Acquisition Is Endogenous to Costs and Incentives to Participate

Because non-voters are less politically informed than voters, some propose that increasing voter turnout would reduce the quality of information among the active voting population, damaging electoral outcomes. However, the proposed tradeoff between increased participation and informed participation is a false dichotomy. This article demonstrates that political information is endogenous to participation. A field experiment integrates an intensive mobilization treatment into a panel survey conducted before and after a city-wide election. Subjects who were mobilized to vote also became more informed about the content of the election. The results suggest institutions that encourage participation not only increase voter turnout – mobilizing electoral participation also motivates citizens to become more politically informed.

Early Mobilization in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit: Shorter Stays and Better Functional Status

Recent studies have not demonstrated consistently that intensive physical therapy or mobility efforts benefit critically ill patients (NEJM JW Gen Med

Rural endemic diseases, health and development: Emmanuel Dias and the construction of a network of allies against Chagas disease

The scope of this article is to analyze the trajectory of Emmanuel Dias (1908-1962), a researcher at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (OCI) and director of the Center for Studies and Prophylaxis of Chagas Disease (OCI outpost established in 1943 in the city of Bambuí, Minas Gerais), as a key actor in the acknowledgement of Chagas disease as a public health problem in Brazil and the Americas. It seeks to show that the conquest of this acknowledgement, the cornerstone of which was the staging of the first campaign to combat the disease in Brazil in 1950, was made possible by the intense political mobilization of Dias together with the various social groups, such as physicians, politicians and residents of rural areas, public health officials, governments and international organizations. This mobilization occurred during the 1940s and 1950s in a historical context marked by intense debate about the relationship between health and development and helped to construct a network of alliances that was critical for the recognition of Chagas disease as a chronic cardiopathy, which threatened the productivity of rural workers and represented a medical and social problem that merited public health actions and programs geared to get it under control.

Revisitar la historia francesa de los sirvientes y de los criados

La historia francesa de los criados se encuentra en suspensión. Amplias perspectivas quedan todavía por recorrer. Conviene hacer hincapié en el aspecto temporal de la condición de criado que resulta de una pluralidad de actividades derivada de una importante movilidad. La relación entre amo y sirviente requiere una re-contextualización con respecto a los cambios de las relaciones sociales. Por último, la densidad y el alto grado de feminidad de los criados constituyen un elemento distintivo de la demografía urbana.