Intensive Interviews Research Articles

Older adults’ preferences for natural environment and rural life: Intergenerational transmission of pro-environmental motivation

This study was conducted to investigate the factors that attract rural elderly retirees to experience nature. This was accomplished by questioning the common thought that the closeness between the elderly and nature is always positive, that the increase in age is typically proportional to the preference to experience nature, and that aging leads people to return to nature. Qualitative in-depth research was conducted among nine rural elderly retirees living in northern West Virginia, USA. Multiple sessions of long and intensive interviews were conducted with each respondent, where the participants’ recognitions of nature experience were examined over life cycles based on grounded theory and analyzed by mixed method analysis. The study results showed that nature experience in childhood affects leisure activities during adult years and perception of returning to nature by the elderly. In particular, extensively experiencing nature in childhood and outdoor activities with parents were important influential factors for preferring a natural landscape and seeking outdoor activities in elderly years. In conclusion, preferring a natural environment in elderly years was found to be related to nature experience during childhood, especially where the effects of outdoor activities enjoyed with parents were transmitted intergenerationally.

Institutional Schisms and Strategic Responses: Understanding the Cascading Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic

We set out to understand how communities, in particular firms within communities, were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic represents an exogenous shock and while (we hope) the next exogenous shock will not be the same in nature, scholars of resilience and disaster have taught us that we can learn from each crisis. In particular, we posed three main research questions. First, we sought to understand how specifically the pandemic generated institutional uncertainty for local communities. Second, our goal was to understand how this uncertainty, and the pandemic itself, caused institutional schisms (or policy misalignments) at multiple levels (e.g., local- state-national). Third, our intention was to understand how firms, as critical stakeholders in communities, both experienced and responded to the schisms. To answer these questions we employed an in-depth, targeted, and intensive interview process. In total, we conducted interviews with 437 individuals across 18 diverse communities nested in 6 New England states within the USA. By using a structured and consistent interview process that was internally validated and created by experts in the fields of strategic management, resilience, and community-based economic development, our robust findings offer a more finely variegated lens through which we can understand the relationship between exogenous shocks, institutional schisms, and firm strategic responses.

A critical physical geography of no‐till agriculture: Linking degraded environmental quality to conservation policies in an Oregon watershed

A variety of agricultural conservation trends have gained and lost favour throughout the years, with farm bills in the United States often influencing which conservation practices are implemented. This paper explores the consequences of a set of conservation techniques loosely defined as “no‐till agriculture,” focusing on their implementation and adoption since 1985, at which point such approaches began to be explicitly encouraged under US Farm Bill soil conservation mandates. We begin by noting a core contradiction that has characterized these approaches in the Fifteenmile Watershed of Wasco County, Oregon, where despite high rates of farmer enrollment in no‐till programs, both no‐till agriculture and sustained tillage have led to the increased use of herbicides and sustained sediment runoff. Using a critical physical geography framework that integrates intensive physical field data collection, spatial analysis, social surveys, and interviews, we address the biophysical and social factors collectively driving changes in herbicide use and variable erosion estimates. We draw particular attention to how farm bill support for no‐till has enrolled farmers in a vaguely defined and underregulated conservation practice that may ultimately undermine environmental quality.

Safety Risks of Primary and Secondary Schools in China: A Systematic Analysis Using AHP–EWM Method

Owing to the frequent accidents in primary and secondary schools (PSS) in China in the past decades, a systematic analysis of indicators influencing safety risks in PSS is critical to identifying preventive measures. A two-hierarchy structure of indicators was identified by analyzing various cases, intensive interviews, and related previous literature. A combination of the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method was developed to synthetically assess the primary and secondary risk indicators through a case study of Ma Shan School in China. The results are as follows: (1) the primary risk indicators, namely, natural disasters, public health, facility safety, accidental injury, public security, school bullying, and individual health constitute the evaluation framework of the safety risks in PSS. (2) Public health risks and accidental injury risks are the most critical factors that should be prioritized. In addition to providing academic implications, several managerial implications are proposed for these stakeholders to reduce the safety risks in PSS.

Using Phenomenological Approach to Identify Mathematical Competency in Engineering Workplace

Engineers are responsible for solving highly complex problems and, hence, some training to solve such problems, particularly real-life issues, are necessary. The Engineering Accreditation Council (EAC), Board of Engineering of Malaysia (BEM), emphasizes the important of engineering competencies in engineering Program Learning Outcome (PLO), such as the ability to identify, formulate, analyze, and apply mathematical knowledge to engineering problems. However, it was reported that students in university face more challenges in understanding engineering mathematics as they are not taught by instructors who specialize in the respective field. Thus, this study was conducted using a phenomenological approach to identify the mathematical competencies (MC) among practicing engineers at manufacturing workplaces in PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) process workflow. Three respondent engineers were chosen as respondents for this study, but only one respondent reported in this study. Data was gathered through intensive interview sessions at the workplace. Data analysis technique of phenomenological reduction was primarily utilized in this study were Epoche, identify significant statement, Meaning Units, Textural Description of the Experience, Structural Descriptions of the Experience, and Textural-Structural Synthesis phenomenology. The method provides logical, systematic, and coherent design elements that lead to an essential description of the experience. The findings revealed that the MC elements frequently used at each stage of the PDCA process are thinking mathematically, problem handling, and mathematical communication. This study will inform instructors to develop mathematical competencies related to real-life problem-solving during teaching and learning in engineering activities and academic programs at their institutions.

Males and Females' Roles in Jordanian Family: An Explanatory Study

This article aims at investigating the roles associated with males and females in Jordanian family. The survey was conducted on (3000) randomly selected households in collaboration with the Department of Statistics. Ten focus groups were chosen to represent the different social strata (urban, rural, and badia) and distributed to the Kingdom's three regions. In addition, twenty intensive interviews with public opinion leaders such as former ministers, secretary generals, activists in women's issues, journalists, members of the parliament and others. The study concluded that there is a continuation of the stereotype of the male and female roles. Although there are signs of change in various aspects, where the results showed that male dominance in the family decision-making has changed significantly towards a participatory trend and activating the role of women within the family. However, in respect of expenditure the results showed that men still have conquer decisions in this regard. The results indicated support for delaying the marriage age for females until after 23 years-old, which was reflected on the existence of a clear role for the daughters in taking decisions related to them such as marriage, education, dress and choice of friends with continued presence of intervention by the father and the mother comparing with the son who has a greater role in taking decisions of his own.

Data journalists’ perception and practice of transparency and interactivity in Indian newsrooms

Data journalism research recorded exponential growth during the last decade. However, the extant literature lacks comparative perspectives from the Asian region as it has been focused on select geographies (mainly Europe and the US). In this backdrop, the present study examined data journalism practices in the Indian media industry by conducting intensive interviews with 11 data journalists to investigate their perception of transparency and interactivity which are two of the core aspects of data journalism practice. Further, a content analysis of data stories published by two Indian news organizations for two years was conducted to assess the status of transparency and interactivity options in these stories. The findings showed that Indian data journalists acknowledge the importance of transparency and interactivity, but exhibit a cautious approach in using them. There is general apathy in practicing transparency among journalists in legacy organizations, drawing a stark contrast with their counterparts in digitally-native organizations.

Innovative teaching and learning in higher education institutions using social media

Social media are used in teaching and learning in schools and colleges during the pandemic and of late this trend continues in Indian higher education institutions. The objective of the paper is to know how social media enrich learning in undergraduate students of degree colleges of Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh and how do lecturers cope with new methods of teaching online? The model of research constructed by the researcher takes the concepts of communities of inquiry. A model of communities of inquiry constructed by the researchers is used for this research taking into consideration the concepts obtained from the review. The research uses a quantitative research method namely a survey questionnaire to elicit responses from 769 students. Nine lecturers both seniors and juniors were chosen from nine programs and were interviewed personally using a guide questionnaire during intensive interviews. The results revealed that students have adapted to the new technology and the lecturers revealed that they need to be creative to be effective by using different video apps to teach students. A limitation is that the lecturers were chosen only from only one college in Vijayawada.

Gestão no cuidado às pessoas com HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos do novo coronavírus

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To understand management practices in the care of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in primary health care in a Brazilian capital, in times of the new coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic.METHOD Qualitative research, anchored in the methodological-analytical framework of the grounded theory, constructivist aspect. Data were collected by using intensive online interviews with nurses from health centers and managers of the municipal health department. Data collection and analysis occurred concomitantly in two phases of analysis: initial and focused coding.RESULTS They point to the development of best care practices, with emphasis on initiatives for coordination of care, decentralization of clinical management for primary health care services, establishment of protocols and flows, agreement of intersectoral partnerships, use of groups and social networks, use of tools such as teleconsultation and health surveillance spreadsheet and formation of support networks.CONCLUSION The Brazilian capital restructured its network of health services with the implementation of clinical and management protocols, seeking to maintain care for people living with HIV. We highlighted the incorporation of non-face-to-face care technologies and the facilitation of routines, as strategies for expanding access.

The Role of Religious Leaders in Conducting Islamic Religious Education in The Community

This study aims to understand the critical role of religious leaders in Islamic education so that people understand that something they learn will be helpful in their lives in this world and the hereafter so that they will not feel a loss in learning and applying Islam in their lives. This research uses a case study research method with a qualitative approach. Researchers conducted intensive interviews, involvement observations, and collection of documentation as data mining directly in the field and analyzed by describing events in the field. This study found that the role of religious leaders as leaders in carrying out Islamic religious education is carried out through example, practice and action, ibrah and advice, dialogue, and non-formal coaching and management. This research has implications for the importance of example, practice, deeds, ibrah and advice, dialogue in managing non-formal educational institutions.

Eksistensi Kelembagaan Ulama Perempuan di Nusa Tenggara Barat

This study aims to map the forms, strategies and impacts of social roles that have been carried out by PW Muslimat NU NTB and PW Aisyiyyah NTB. The data collection methods in this study were intensive observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The process of data analysis in this study will be carried out in an on-going process in the field, so that it is easy to dig up missing data or confirm data that is still unclear. The results of the study show that the social roles that have been carried out by PW Muslimat NU NTB and PW Aisyiyyah NTB in gender inequality and injustice in NTB at this time can at least be reduced due to the hard work of Aisyiah and Muslimat NU with other groups, for example with almost equal education participation rates. between men and women at the SD/MI, SMP/MTS and SMA/SMK levels, even to the tertiary level. The consistency and continuity of the Aisyiah and Muslimat NU movements in boosting the dignity of women in NTB is something more than these two organizations compared to women's organizations that fall into the category of NGOs and NGOs which tend to be programmatic, casuistic and highly dependent on donors. Even the institutional pattern of NGO women's groups continues to change according to the "internal needs" of the NGO group and the NGO itself or "external demands" from donor groups.

Penerapan Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Pada Produksi Bontot: Pangan Lokal Banten

Geographically, the province of Banten is surrounded by the ocean so that the area is rich in processed fish products such as milkfish satay, shredded milkfish, and bontot. Bontot is a Banten’s local food made from payus fish which is considered to be lacking in development. This can be seen mainly in terms of the production process which is still very simple and does not apply good manufacturing practices (GMP). The purpose of this research is to help producer to understand and apply GMP so that the quality of bontot products can be better. The research method used is by conducting a survey using the intensive interview method. The results show that some producers have not implemented GMP in their production process, so that the preparation of the HACCP draft is considered important to assist producers in the production process. Of the several raw materials and production processes that constitute CCP are fish, the process of receiving raw materials, packaging, and storage. Preventive and corrective actions are needed to minimize these hazards. Thus, the mentoring process needs to be carried out in implementing the HACCP that has been prepared to ensure the quality and food safety of the bontot product.

Factors affecting risk perception during terrorist attacks

The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk perception of a community when responding immediately after a terrorist attack in Iraq. Primary data has been collected through intensive interviews with 10 respondents, all of whom participated in responding to the 2010 four separate, sequential bombings of the Hilla Textile Company, to elicit the factors that could influence the risk perception of people. A storytelling data collection method was used to extract information and to examine how the communities perceive risks when responding to terrorist attacks despite the fact that they may be targeted by other sequential bombings.Primary and secondary data analysis shows that a number of factors influence the risk perception of people. By considering the similarities and their key characteristics, these factors have been broadly divided into three main themes, namely, knowledge about the hazard, personality factors, and membership in a cultural group. The empirical evidence of the study is closely aligned with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). It shows that how attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control has influenced the behaviour of people when responding to such attacks. Accordingly, local government can use the findings of this study to improve their terrorism risk management.

Reflection of nature in the material culture of the Karbi tribe: A case from Kamrup (M) district, Assam, India

The processes of nature-culture interaction and resulting landscapes in an area form fertile fields for geographical research. The present study is an attempt to analyse the reciprocal relation between people and nature in a tribal village environment of the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam. Based on intensive field survey and interviews with the inhabitants, the study reveals that the human-environment relationship in the village is still mutually helpful and more or less sustainable. However, perceptible changes have occurred in the traditional cordial relationship between the people and their environment in respect of habitat, economy and mode of living mainly due to the growing influence of modernization.

The Challenges of the Competencies Model of Teacher Training: Examples from Chile

This paper reports on a qualitative evaluation of the conceptual coherence of current programs of teacher training in three Chilean universities. Influenced by the Bologna Accord’s emphasis on development of competencies, the national government recently called for a shift from teaching as transmission of disciplinary-based cognitive knowledge to a transdisciplinary development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills in knowledge production. The paper, based on narrative analysis, is the first assessment of how three universities have responded to the new approach. Intensive interviews with teacher training program directors asked about goals, decision criteria, and methods of assessing impact on teacher trainees. The most selective university is using formal mechanisms to validate trainees’ attainment of specified competencies. In the middle and less selective universities less attention is paid to internal validation and programs rely on informal assessment mechanisms not always consistent with quality assurance requirements. The paper concludes that all three universities are guided more by labor market demands and employability of their graduates than by educational theory or research on teaching practices.

Beyond Xs and Os: The Role of an Athletic Trainer in Supporting Disordered Eating in College Athletes

One subset of the college population that is at-risk of developing an eating disorder or signs of disordered eating are college athletes. College athletes face both internal and external pressures to remain fit. Of particular importance for this study is the role of the athletic trainer (ATs) in helping college athletes with a diagnosed eating disorder or patterns of disordered eating. This study followed a logical, systematic, and multiphase phenomenological approach to capturing reflections of athletic trainers’ (n = 7) subjective experiences related to managing student-athletes who have a diagnosed eating disorder. Using an open-ended interview guide, athletic trainers participated in an intensive interview with one of the researchers. Researchers categorized statements into one of three themes: (1) AT and college athlete relationship, (2) barriers to care, and (3) opportunities for improvement. These results provide insight concerning the intersection of ATs and their role in addressing eating disorders with college athletes. ATs play an important role in providing both support to aid physical recovery from ailments and injuries and also serve as a source of psychosocial referral and support.

Using Normative Rhetorical Theory to Identify Dilemmas and Responses in Internal Medicine Patient-Provider Communication

ABSTRACT Drawing on normative rhetorical theory (NRT), we examined communication dilemmas that internal medicine residents (IMRs) experience when interacting with patients and responses they adopt to manage these dilemmas. We conducted semi-structured, intensive interviews with 15 IMRs and analyzed the data using the phronetic iterative approach. Findings suggested that IMRs experienced two interpersonal dilemmas: (a) asserting expertise while respecting patients and (b) discussing patient behaviors without indicating deviance. The two dilemmas were more salient for international IMRs who were less familiar with the local culture and embraced a different perspective of the IMR-patient relationship. The two interpersonal dilemmas were connected to a supra-level dilemma of practicing tasks required by evidence-based medicine while being patient-centered. IMRs reported engaging in an interpretive lens to view patients as “people” and communicative responses to manage the dilemmas. By applying NRT to a novel context, our findings demonstrate the impact of macro-level paradigms on IMRs’ conflicting purposes in medical encounters and offer practical implications for communication interventions for IMRs.

Characteristics of women with alcohol use disorders who benefit from intensive motivational interviewing

Background Women with alcohol disorders have more severe problems related to their drinking than men. They have higher mortality from alcohol-related accidents and enter treatment with more serious medical, psychiatric, and social consequences. Objective: This study assessed the effects of Intensive Motivational Interviewing (IMI), a new, 9-session counseling intervention for women with drinking problems. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 215 women. Most were white (83%), college educated (61%), and older (mean age 51). Half received IMI and half a standard single session of MI (SMI) along with an attention control (nutritional education). Results: Generalized estimating equations models showed women who were heavy drinkers at baseline in the IMI condition reduced heavy drinking more than those in the SMI condition at 2-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Analyses of disaggregated subgroups showed IMI was most effective for women with low psychiatric severity, more severe physical and impulse control consequences associated with drinking, and higher motivation. However, formal 3-way interaction models (condition by moderator by time) showed significant effects primarily at 2 months. Conclusions: Improvements associated with IMI were limited to heavy drinking and varied among subgroups of women. Studies of women with more diverse characteristics are needed.

Longitudinal treatment of smoking in Primary Health Care: an evaluation research.

to evaluate the coordination of the attention for continuing treatment for smoking cessation in the Primary Health Care, from the perspective of users. the conceptual base was longitudinal care, which is an attribute of the National Policy of Primary Care. The methodological framework was that of an evaluative research, as informed by theory-based evaluation. Data collection used observation with moderate participation in the groups to abandon smoking, intensive interviews with 22 users, and analysis of medical records. The interviews used initial and focused coding, which are analytical stages of the Grounded Theory, with the aid of the MaxQDA® software. the interviewees had a positive evaluation of their treatment for smoking, although they mentioned limitations for medium- and long-term continuity. the smoking treatment sessions, even if infrequent, were found to be a successful experience for smoking cessation.

Impacto pandêmico no ambiente de trabalho e vida docente feminina

The aim was to understand the main changes in the work environment and teaching life in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Study with a qualitative approach, developed in a higher education institution located in the northwest of Paraná, with women belonging to the faculty of undergraduate courses in health and biological sciences. Data collection was carried out through intensive interviews until theoretical saturation, with the aid of virtual tools, use of MaxqdaPlus software version 2020 and through Bardin's content analysis, the results were verified through the elaboration of a word cloud and subsequent emergence of categories. With a total of 20 people interviewed, it was evident that the work routine and its needs for acquisitions and adaptations in the female context sometimes affected relationships, psychology and productivity. However, it was evident that positive aspects were obtained from technologies, acquisition of skills and abilities, and lower risk and locomotive expense. The pandemic led to changes in work conformity, in the teacher-student relationship, and the need to adapt, sometimes causing discouragement and insecurity. However, the need for in-depth research on the teaching psychology in the post-pandemic period is revealed.