Intensity Of Uplift Research Articles

The utility of measuring daily hassles and uplifts in understanding outcomes to treatments for major depressive disorder

Little is known about the effects of common daily experiences in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The Daily Hassles and Uplifts Scale (HUPS) was assessed in 142 treatment-naïve adult MDD outpatients randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with either antidepressant medication (ADM) or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Three HUPS measures were analyzed: hassle frequency (HF), uplift frequency (UF), and the mean hassle intensity to mean uplift intensity ratio (MHI:MUI). Remission after treatment was not predicted by these baseline HUPS measures and did not moderate outcomes by treatment type. In contrast, HUPS measures significantly changed with treatment and were impacted by remission status. Specifically, HF and MHI:MUI decreased and UF increased from baseline to week 12, with remission leading to significantly greater decreases in HF and MHI:MUI compared to non-remission. ADM-treated patients demonstrated significant improvements on all three HUPS measures regardless of remission status. In contrast, remitters to CBT demonstrated significant improvements in HF and MHI:MUI but not UF; among CBT non-remitters the only significant change was a reduction in HF. The changes in HUPS measures are consistent with how affective biases are impacted by treatments and support the potential value of increasing attention to positive events in CBT.

The Neogene to Quaternary evolution of the Neuquén Andes broken foreland forced by tectonic, climatic and surface processes (southern Central Andes)

The Andes offer a distinctive example of the intricate interplay among climate, tectonics, and surface processes. This is exemplified by the mountain range's north-south orientation, which contrasts with the prevailing east-west wind direction. This interplay controls the uplift evolution of the broken foreland and thus the sediment transfer and erosion from mountain ranges to their forelands. The Neuquén Andes is a peculiar segment of the southern Central Andes, registering dramatic North-South variabilities in elevation, climate, and tectonic intensities established during the Neogene and Quaternary. In this study, we aimed to identify the tectono-stratigraphic evidence of the Neogene to Quaternary evolution of paleo-environments and drainage networks in the intramountainous basin of Pampa de Agua Amarga in the broken foreland of the southern Neuquén Andes of Argentina.Starting with a non-depositional and/or erosional phase during the Paleogene, the Pampa de Agua Amarga Basin underwent several phases of syn-orogenic sedimentation in the late Oligocene to early Miocene. The basin gradually shifted from a lacustrine to an alluvial depositional environment, with alluvial deposits becoming dominant in the mid-Miocene and fluvial deposits dominating in the Pliocene. A significant event occurred during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene when coarse fluvial deposits were deposited, marking the last aggradation phase. In the early Pleistocene, the onset of incision triggered the drainage system to cut through the downstream topographic barrier. The excavation of the basin was abrupt, as evidenced by a mid-Pleistocene stepped fluvial terrace and alluvial fan that filled a large canyon across the southern end of the downstream topographic barrier.The study confirms the regional trend that Miocene basin infill is related to dry climate and high tectonic uplift, which overwhelmed the erosive power of the drainage network. The lowering of tectonic uplift intensity in the southern Neuquén Basin during the Plio-Pleistocene, along with sudden fluctuations in the global colder and wetter climate, ultimately led to the excavation of the intramountainous basin. The Westerlies Wind Belts generate high precipitation rates in the southern Neuquén Andean Cordillera, feeding the Negro River catchment in the retroarc Andean broken foreland. Consequently, the erosive power of the Negro River catchment overcame the declining tectonic uplift, causing significant erosion of the entire broken foreland and Cordillera of the southern Neuquén Andes. Conversely, more intense tectonic uplifts in the northern Neuquén Andes built a more effective orographic barriers that limited precipitation rates of both the Westerlies Wind Belt and South America Summer Monsoon, and preserved the intramountainous basins and mountain interior from erosion.

A method for predicting the subgrade uplift intensity along a high-speed railway track in red-bed areas in China

A method for predicting the subgrade uplift intensity along a high-speed railway track in red-bed areas in China

Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Pregnancy Experience Scale–Brief version (PES-Brief) in Pakistani women with antenatal anxiety symptoms

BackgroundPregnancy experiences influence fetal and birth outcomes. There is scarcity of locally validated tools to assess pregnancy experiences. We aimed to validate the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief (PES-Brief) in pregnant Pakistani women with anxiety symptoms. MethodsA two-step process was used including 1) adaptation via translation/back-translation followed by cognitive interviewing with 10 participants and 2) factor analysis and validation with 605 women in Rawalpindi Pakistan who had mild-moderate symptoms of anxiety, attended the antenatal clinic, and were ≤22 weeks of gestation and ≥18 years old. We calculated internal consistency and reliability and conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. ResultsCultural adaptation led to inclusion of one item of the hassles subscale and exclusion of one item in the uplifts subscale, resulting in 9 uplifts and 11 hassles. Exploratory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure, with the adapted items exhibiting loading values of ≥0.24 for their respective factors. Internal consistency was demonstrated for uplifts (Cronbach’s alpha ​= ​0.89) and hassles (Cronbach’s alpha ​= ​0.85) subscales. Uplift intensity was moderately correlated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety subscale (r ​= ​0.54, 95% CI:0.30–0.77). ConclusionThe Urdu PES-Brief is a reliable and valid tool for use in Pakistani pregnant women with antenatal anxiety. Future studies on its validity are needed on women without symptoms anxiety.

Morphometric properties of river basins as indicators of relative tectonic activity – Problems of data handling and interpretation

Morphometric properties of drainage basins, expressed as indices related to their shapes, altitude variability, river networks and stream profiles, are frequently used as proxy information concerning the relative intensity of uplift. Research procedures lead towards division of an area into classes of relative tectonic activity (various rates of surface uplift) and are typically based on compound indices that jointly consider various individual parameters. Given that index approaches are quantitative in nature and comprise large sets of data, their statistical treatment should become an inherent component of the workflow, whereby the results of the statistical analyses should guide the conclusions. However, various data handling issues seem to be seldom addressed or are given inadequate attention. They include selection of variables, correlation analysis, principles of classification in terms of relative tectonic activity, validity of classifications, and criteria for using specific statistical procedures. In this paper we demonstrate the need for rigorous statistical data analysis in a morphometric study, focused on an intraplate mountainous terrain in Central Europe (Orlickie-Bystrzyckie Mountains Block), subject to low or moderate uplift. We analysed 56 drainage basins within the footwall blocks of several prominent fault-generated escarpments. Following literature guidance, the hypsometric and shape characteristics of the drainage basins were considered, whereas clustering and pure-rank based approaches were tested to distinguish classes of relative tectonic activity. The results were compared with indicators of tectonic activity calculated for the escarpments themselves and using DEM-derived terrain attributes indicating enhanced erosion. In addition, we used statistical tests to identify possible lithological influence on the variability of morphometric parameters, which in this study was found to be of secondary importance. Statistical considerations neither allowed for unequivocal classification of drainage basins in terms of relative tectonic activity, nor did they reveal a clear spatial distribution pattern of drainage basins with different morphometric characteristics, typically considered to reflect tectonic forcing. Thus, statistics-based analysis is recommended to avoid the risk of over-interpretation. It is also possible that the likely morphometric signature of tectonically less active settings comprises spatially inconsistent information rather than it is typified by consistently low values of various morphometric parameters.

Geomorphometry-based detection of enhanced erosional signal in polygenetic medium-altitude mountain relief and its tectonic interpretation, the Sudetes (Central Europe)

We explore the assumption that uplift drives erosion and hence, more dissected (eroded) terrains may indicate areas subject to more intense uplift than others, especially if other factors such as elevation and geology can be demonstrated as inconsistent with the spatial pattern of dissection. Geomorphometry and statistics are employed to recognize the enhanced erosional signal within a medium-altitude mountain terrain of the Sudetes in Central Europe, considered as a representative for moderately uplifted areas of complex bedrock diversity. This signal is understood as a meso-scale reflection of relief properties, whereas the recognition of homogeneous terrain units, different in terms of strength of erosional signal, is carried out by means of multi-criteria terrain classification, involving Principal Component Analysis and k-means grouping. Four groups covering 45% of the area have been identified. They were quantitatively compared with independent variables of altitude, lithology, structural units and rock strength, and also assessed in relation to rainfall pattern. It is concluded that their dependence on altitude and geology is only partial. Then, three types of dissected terrain are distinguished and interpreted in terms of uplift intensity, rock strength as a factor modulating erosional response to uplift and timescale. The spatial distribution of these types of terrain indicates several isolated ‘hot spots’ of erosional dissection on predominantly strong rocks, linked by less elevated areas, underlain by rocks of variable strength. The former are considered as having longer history of uplift and dissection, dated back to the late Palaeogene, whereas the latter record more recent history of endo-exogenic interactions, possibly since the late Miocene. The presence of canyon-like valleys incised into planar or gently sloping relief may indicate the most recent pulse of relief rejuvenation. The procedure proposed in the paper is suitable to be used in various settings, given that good quality topographic data are available.

Static landscape features predict uplift locations for soaring birds across Europe.

Soaring flight is a remarkable adaptation to reduce movement costs by taking advantage of atmospheric uplifts. The movement pattern of soaring birds is shaped by the spatial and temporal availability and intensity of uplifts, which result from an interaction of local weather conditions with the underlying landscape structure. We used soaring flight locations and vertical speeds of an obligate soaring species, the white stork (Ciconia ciconia), as proxies for uplift availability and intensity. We then tested if static landscape features such as topography and land cover, instead of the commonly used weather information, could predict and map the occurrence and intensity of uplifts across Europe. We found that storks encountering fewer uplifts along their routes, as determined by static landscape features, suffered higher energy expenditures, approximated by their overall body dynamic acceleration. This result validates the use of static features as uplift predictors and suggests the existence of a direct link between energy expenditure and static landscape structure, thus far largely unquantified for flying animals. Our uplift availability map represents a computationally efficient proxy of the distribution of movement costs for soaring birds across the world's landscapes. It thus provides a base to explore the effects of changes in the landscape structure on the energy expenditure of soaring birds, identify low-cost movement corridors and ultimately inform the planning of anthropogenic developments.

Do hassles and uplifts trajectories predict mortality? Longitudinal findings from the VA Normative Aging Study.

We examined whether longitudinal patterns of hassles and uplifts trajectories predicted mortality, using a sample of 1315 men from the VA Normative Aging Study (mean age=65.31, SD=7.6). In prior work, we identified different trajectory classes of hassles and uplifts exposure and intensity scores over a period of 16years. In this study, we used the probabilities of these exposure and intensity class memberships to examine their ability to predict mortality. Men with higher probabilities of high hassle intensity trajectory class and high uplift intensity class had higher mortality risks. In a model combining the probabilities of hassle and uplift intensities, the probability of high intensity hassle class membership significantly increased the risk of mortality. This suggests that appraisals of hassles intensity are better predictors of mortality than simple exposure measures, and that uplifts have no independent effects.

Neogene differential structural inversion and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Yitong Basin, NE China

Abstract Based on the latest seismic and drilling data, this paper analyzes the differential transformation features, evolution/ deformation rules and kinetic background of the Neogene inversion structures in the Yitong Basin, Northeastern China, aiming to find the relation of differential structure inversion and hydrocarbon accumulation. At the northwestern edge of the basin, inversion structures are dominated by right-lateral strike-slip thrusts, which can be divided into three types: high-swelling overturn thrust, moderate-swelling echelon thrust and low-swelling rupture thrust – all of them formed a fault-fold belt 2 to 4 km wide along the northwestern, providing good conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation. At the southeastern edge, inversion structures are mainly composed of right-lateral compresso-shear and uplifting tilts, and also arch-tension faults at the tops of Jianshan, Wanchang, Soudeng and other structural belts, which destructed the pre-existed reservoirs. These structures originated as a result of the compression and uplifting of the northeastern China continent which occurred due to the back-arc spreading after the westward subduction of the Pacific plate, and also the long-distance compression caused by the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. In addition, their origin is related to the position and intensity of uplifts at the edges of the Yitong Basin.

Shape and amount of the Quaternary uplift of the western Rhenish shield and the Ardennes (western Europe)

A good evaluation of the Quaternary uplift of the Rhenish shield is a key element for the understanding of the Cenozoic geodynamics of the western European platform in front of the alpine arc. Previous maps of the massif uplift relied on fluvial incision data since the time of the rivers' Younger Main Terrace to infer a maximum post-0.73 Ma uplift of ~ 290 m in the SE Eifel. Here, we propose a new interpretation of the incision data of the intra-massif streams, where anomalies in the terrace profiles would result from knickpoint retreat in the tributaries of the main rivers rather than from tectonic deformation. We also use additional geomorphological data referring to (1) deformed Tertiary planation surfaces, (2) the history of stream piracy that severely affected the Meuse basin in the last 1 Ma, and (3) incision data outside the Rhenish shield. A new map of the post-0.73 Ma uplift of the Rhenish shield is drawn on the basis of this enlarged dataset. It reduces the maximum amount of tectonic uplift in the SE Eifel to ~ 140 m and modifies the general shape of the uplift, namely straightening its E–W profile. It is also suggested that an uplift wave migrated across the massif, starting from its southern margin in the early Pleistocene and currently showing the highest intensity of uplift in the northern Ardennes and Eifel. These features seem to favour an uplift mechanism chiefly related to lithospheric folding and minimize the impact on the topography of a more local Eifel plume.

Effects of perceived stress and uplifts on inflammation and coagulability

We investigated whether depressed mood and chronic hassles and uplifts predicted levels of hemostasis markers D-Dimer and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), as well as the proinflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in 108 healthy individuals. One hundred eight African-American and Euro-American men and women were studied (58 men, 50 women; mean age = 36.5 +/- 8 years). D-Dimer, PAI-1, IL-6, and sICAM-1 plasma levels were analyzed from fasting venous blood samples. Data were analyzed via hierarchical linear regression and followed with partial correlation analysis. Regression analyses combined with partial correlation analyses suggested that increases in hassle frequency predicted elevated levels of sICAM-1 (p= .034), and increases in hassle severity predicted elevated levels of D-Dimer (p= .017). Increases in uplift intensity predicted lower levels of PAI-1 (p= .004) as well as showed a trend for decreased IL-6 (p= .069). Depressed mood did not significantly predict any dependent variable. These results were independent of sociodemographic, biological, and other related mood variables. The findings suggest that for even relatively healthy persons, increased perceptions of hassles are independently associated with greater inflammation and hypercoagulability, whereas increased perceptions of uplifts are independently associated with decreased hypercoagulability.

Levels of daily hassles and uplifts in employed and non-employed pregnant women

It may be expected that women who are employed during pregnancy will report more stress than those who are not, since they have to cope with not only the changes accompany-ing pregnancy, but also changes occurring in the work situation as a result of the pregnancy. However, research has shown that working during pregnancy does not simply add to the amount of stress that pregnant women may be experiencing (DeJoseph, 1992). The aim of this study was to compare levels of stress reported by employed [n = 28) and non-employed (n = 28) women of primigravida status. The Daily Hassles and Uplifts Scales (Kanner et al., 1981) were used to measure stress and uplifts respectively. Daily hassles and uplifts were measured at three stages during pregnancy; 10–19 weeks, 28–34 weeks and 35–37 weeks. Results showed no significant differences in the reported frequency and severity of hassles and frequency and intensity of uplifts between employed and non-employed women during pregnancy. However, women reported more frequent hassles during the latter stages of pregnancy and more severe hassles during the early stages of pregnancy. Significant differences were also displayed over time in the reported intensity of uplifts, with both groups of women reporting less intense uplifts during the second and third trimester of pregnancy.

Clinical features and psychosocial factors in young adults with genital herpes.

Clinical features of genital herpes, perceived causes, stress symptoms, treatments, and psychosocial factors in 70 young adults as compared to normative data for non-patient controls are described. The clinical features of the disease were congruent with those of other groups studied. Stress was viewed as the major cause of recurrence, headaches the major stress symptom, and acyclovir (an antiviral drug), was the major treatment. Statistically significant differences were found between scores obtained from the sample of young adults with genital herpes on three of four standardized psychological instruments when compared with normative data for non patient controls. Young adults with genital herpes had a lower self concept, more psychopathology, a greater frequency of daily hassles, and less intensity of uplifts. No differences were found, however, between the two groups in scores on depression.

RITMOS DA DINÂMICA FLUVIAL NEO-CENOZÓICA CONTROLADOS POR SOERGUIMENTO REGIONAL E FALHAMENTO: O VALE DO RIO DAS VELHAS NA REGIÃO DE BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

The study of fluvial dynamics of the Rio das Velhas in the section connecting the Quadrilátero Ferríferoand the Bambuí basin, relying on a compilation of geomorphological, sedimentological and structuraldata indicates a Cenozoic morphogenesis controlled by uplift of regional scale with interference of faultslocated at the contacts of morphostructural compartments. These compartments are strongly adapted tothe Precambrian litostructural domains controlling the geomorphological configuration of the differentparts of the river valley.The initial chronological datum is marked by remainders of the Sulamericana Surface (Neogene).During the Plio-Pleistocene period three levels of stepped terraces were formed. During the Holocene ainner floodplain developed in the Lower Terrace.The level of the Upper Terrace (Pliocene) corresponds to the end of dissection phase which reaches adepth of 150 m and shows a equilibrated longitudinal profile over the whole area. The sediments of theMiddle and Lower Terraces have been deposited after new dissection phases with minimum depths of 60and 10 m, respectively. These data of dissections depths and the stamped position of the floodplain confirmsthe gradual decreasing of the regional uplift intensity during the Pleistocene times.The last three events of the valley formation indicate a superimposition of the Rio das Velhas onto thestructures of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero with formation of a water-gap at the passage of the Serra do curral,named “Fecho de Sabará”. In consequence occurs a strong local retention of alluvial sediments causing aimportant alteration of river dynamics.The decreasing uplift during Holocene times is accompanied by the transition from braided channelssystems, prevailing during the Pleistocene, to a meandering channel type. The effects of historic miningactivity induce the return to the braided system.Tectonic activity by faulting is demonstrated by dislocations in the alluvial sequences of the LowerTerrace and in the longitudinal profile of the Middle and Upper Terraces with a total off-set of 50 m aswell as by river capture younger than the Middle Terrace.

Hassles, uplifts, and anxiety reported by Post-RN students in a BScN programme

This study examined the daily hassles, uplifts and anxiety of registered nurse students (Post-RN) during a Community Health Nursing challenge examination in a baccalaureate nursing programme. The objectives of the first phase of this study were 1) to identify the daily hassles, uplifts and anxiety experienced by distance education and on-campus students and 2) to examine relationships among these variables and selected sociodemographic factors. Spielberger's (1983) State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Folkman and Lazarus' (1989) Hassles and Uplifts questionnaire were utilised. State anxiety levels were found to be higher than those of female working adults (Spielberger 1983). As well, on-campus students had higher state anxiety levels than distance education students. Trait anxiety differed significantly by age. Except for employment status, sociodemographic factors had no impact on hassles or uplifts. Unemployed subjects experienced significantly greater intensity of uplifts than subjects employed in a hospital setting. Hassles contributed significantly to the anxiety expressed by registered nurse students. As anticipated for women fulfilling multiple family, work and student roles, time pressure emerged as the most important hassle factor. Future research is planned to further explore hassles, uplifts and anxiety as Post-RN students progress through a baccalaureate nursing programme.

The relationship between the deep structure and quaternary tectonics of the pamir and Tien-Shan

Abstract The Quaternary period in the Pamir and Tien-Shan is marked by a sharp increase in the intensity of uplift which followed a short tectonically calm period in the late Pliocene and the early Pleistocene. Rates of the upward movement increased from the early Pleistocene to Holocene. The structural pattern of the region was formed throughout the whole neotectonic stage but the present shape is mainly the result of the Quaternary movements. A number of large uplifts and relative depressions can be identified in the Tien-Shan and Pamir. Only some of the greatest depressions were subject to absolute downwarping in their central parts during the Quaternary time. Numerous new data on the thickness of the earth's crust of Central Asia obtained in the past few years have allowed construction of a new relief map of the Mohorovicic discontinuity in the Tien-Shan and Pamir and of the discontinuity in relationship to the character of the Quaternary tectonic movements. As a result, correspondences relating to the development of the earth's crust were established and a suggestion was made as to the current rejuvenation of the structural pattern, with both an anti-Tien-Shan and a meridional direction dominating in the Pamir. The comparison of the development of the earth's crust as a whole with the lateral heterogeneities of the upper mantle confirmed the assumption about the current rejuvenation. At the same time it made evident once again that there are significant differences in the deep processes taking place in the Pamir and Tien-Shan. Combining analyses of both the subsurface and the surface development in this part of Asia provided a better view of the characteristics of the deep fault zones. This has allowed the authors to outline the latent ruptures and establish individual blocks of the earth's crust that show different structure and development.

Analysis of vertical movements deduced from a geochronological study of marine Pleistocene deposits, southern coast of Angola

In the two areas of Lobito-Benguela and Mossamedes, deposits of distinct Holocene, mid-Würmian, Eemian and Mindel-Riss interglacial shorelines were radiometrically dated using 14C and 230Th/234U and 231Pa/231U ratios. Deposits of different ages were found on the same terraces: the morphology of these terraces is the result of repeated erosion at different times by successive sea levels at similar elevations. The average rate of uplift clearly increased since the Riss; the Holocene appears to be a period of markedly increased epeirogenic activity. Also vertical movement appears more intense in the Lobito-Benguela area than near Mossamedes. The intensity of uplift appears to be associated with epicentres oriented towards the west-southwest, that is parallel to the axis of the Walvis ridge; the direction is outlined by diverse Mesozoïc effusive volcanic centres.

Nature of Margins of Sedimentary Basins: ABSTRACT

Sedimentary basins, a subject of vital interest to economic geologists, differ to such a large degree that consideration of the origin of the variations is significant to economic geologists. The margin of the sedimentary basin, being the most variable part, merits special consideration. Several factors control the nature of a sedimentary basin and its geologic history. Primary among these factors are (1) the tectonic history, including the intensity of uplift of the adjacent source area and subsidence of the depositional site, (2) the physiography of the basin and adjacent source area, (3) the climate of the basin and adjacent source area, (4) the eustatic conditions of sea level during the basin's history, and (5) the biological activity, faunal and floral, in the basin and adjacent source area. Secondary factors, controlled by the interplay of the primary factors, are (1) nature of terrigenous clastics produced in the source area, (2) rate of influx of terrigenous clastics into the basin, (3) energy relations in the depositional site related to transport and deposi ion of sediments, (4) stage of evolution of flora and fauna, and (5) the amount of time involved in the basin's history. These factors, if evaluated in regard to basins of different ages and geographic locations, demonstrate why both modern and ancient basin margins are highly variable in regard to (1) thickness of sediment, (2) type and sequence of sediment, (3) facies relations of the sediment, and (4) tectonic history. In addition, this type of evaluation demonstrates the need for regional analysis as a framework for local analysis of any basin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 198------------

Factors Influencing Sedimentation in the Shallow Neritic Environment: ABSTRACT

Sedimentation in the shallow neritic environment is influenced by the interplay of numerous factors. Both type and thickness of the sediment differ depending upon the relative significance of these factors. The chief factors to be considered are tectonics, physiography, climate, biological activity, and associated energy relationships. The tectonic intensity of the source area and depositional site of the sediments, although primary factors, may be surpassed in significance by the factors of climate and biological activity. Variation of intensity of uplift and deformation of the source area provide primary control on the composition of the source area and the sediment derived therefrom. Sediments range from mature to immature, and from fine to coarse terrigenous clastics. The same variation of tectonic activity provides variations in physiography of the source area and accompanying energy relationships. Physiographic variations may produce both local and regional climatic variations as a third order factor. Climate and its influence on and control of vegetation will control weathering, resulting soils, and erosion. Thus climate may be the primary factor in the type and amount of sediment derived from the source area. Tectonic intensity of the depositional site controls the thickness of the sedimentary sequence, with climate and biological activity providing the influence modifying the type and character of the sediment deposited. Wave and current energy related to storms modify the sediment type and distribution. End_of_Article - Last_Page 340------------