Thermoluminescence Intensity Research Articles

Designing LiTaO3:Ln3+,Eu3+ (Ln = Tb or Pr) perovskite dosimeter with excellent charge carrier storage capacity and stability for anti-counterfeiting and flexible X-ray imaging

Developing X-ray charged dosimeters with excellent charge carrier storage capacity and stability is challenging. Such energy storage dosimeters have fascinating use in developing novel applications, for instance, in radiation detection, advanced multimode anti-counterfeiting, and flexible X-ray imaging of curved objects. Herein, novel LiTaO3:Ln3+,Eu3+ (Ln = Tb or Pr) perovskite dosimeters are reported by combining the vacuum referred binding energy (VRBE) diagram of LiTaO3 and the optimization of dopant’s concentration and compound synthesis condition. Based on the VRBE diagram prediction, charge carrier capturing and de-trapping processes in Eu3+ and/or Ln3+ (Ln = Tb or Pr) doped LiTaO3 will be studied to unravel the role of Eu3+ as a good electron trapping centre and to discover a record storage phosphor. The ratios of the thermoluminescence intensity of the optimized LiTaO3:0.005Tb3+,0.001Eu3+ to that of the state-of-the-art BaFBr(I):Eu2+, Al2O3:C, or NaLuF4:Tb3+ are 5.2, 8.8, or 2.8, respectively. The charge carriers can be stored more than 1000 h in LiTaO3:0.005Tb3+,0.001Eu3+. Proof-of-concept anti-counterfeiting application will be demonstrated by combining the colour-tailorable photoluminescence, afterglow, thermally, or optically stimulated luminescence in LiTaO3:0.005Tb3+,xEu3+ and LiTaO3:0.005Pr3+,0.001Eu3+. Multimode anti-counterfeiting application will be proposed by combining a high absolute X-ray scintillation light yield of 19000 ± 1800 ph/MeV of LiTaO3:0.005Tb3+,0.001Eu3+. Proof-of-concept flexible X-ray imaging application will be demonstrated by using the optimized LiTaO3:0.005Tb3+, 0.001Eu3+ dispersed in a silicone gel film.

Comparison of thermoluminescence characteristics of undoped and europium doped YAl3(BO3)4 phosphor synthesized by combustion method: Anomalous heating rate, dose response and kinetic analyses

In this study, undoped and YAl3(BO3)4 phosphors doped with Eu3+ at varying concentrations (x = 0.5 to 7 wt%) produced by a combustion process have been thoroughly examined by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermoluminescence (TL) techniques. The crystallized phosphors were confirmed by XRD analysis, and its crystal structure was examined. XRD analyses of the synthesized phosphor is in accordance with ICSD File No 96-152-6006. TL glow curve of undoped sample produced three glow peaks located at 80 °C, 240 °C, and 360 °C with a heating rate of 2°Cs−1 whilst Eu3+ doped one appears at 90 °C, 230 °C, and 390 °C. The undoped example complied with the theory as expected, namely, as the heating rate increased, the TL glow curve shifted towards lower temperatures and decreased in intensity. However, an anomalous change was observed in the sample with Eu3+ additive. The experimental findings from the dose-response of YAl3(BO3)4:0.5 wt%Eu3+ demonstrate that the intensity of TL provided by the total area under glow curves has an acceptable linearity (r2:0.999) up to 100 Gy. The intensity of each maximum on the TL glow curve augments proportionally as the heating rate is augmented. Possible reasons of this behaviour are discussed. Various heating rate (VHR) methods (such as Hoogenstraaten's and Booth-Bohun-Parfianovitch) have also been used to estimate kinetic parameters (e.g., energy and frequency factor), which seem to be in good agreement with each other.

Neutron detection properties of thermoluminescent Sr2B2O5:Eu ceramics

Thermoluminescent (TL) ceramic materials have been developed for neutron detection on the basis of Eu-doped Sr2B2O5. A photoluminescence emission band at around 360 nm was observed for Sr2B2O5 doped with Eu at 0.1–0.3 mol% with respect to Sr, and is attributed to 5d–4f transition of Eu2+. The emission band was also observed in the TL spectra. TL glow peaks were observed at 340, 400, and 500 K in the TL glow curves after X-ray irradiation, and Sr2B2O5 doped with Eu at 0.2 mol% exhibited the highest TL intensity. After neutron irradiation, a significant difference in the TL intensities was observed between the ceramics containing enriched 10B and 11B owing to the contribution of 10B(n,α)7Li reaction to the observed TL. The difference in the TL intensities linearly increased with neutron fluence of, at least, 107–1011 neutrons cm−2. Hence, we succeeded in the development of TL materials for neutron detection.

Thermal and thermoluminescence properties of LiF-BaO-P2O5 glass

The set of six fluorophosphate glasses were obtained to measure the effect of composition on their thermal and luminescence properties. It was found that the phosphate network can accept much more lithium fluoride as compared to silica and borate glasses. The differential thermal analysis study shows a significant increase of thermal stability and decrease of the crystallization with higher content of lithium fluoride. Simultaneously, a gradual increase in the intensity of thermoluminescence was observed as well as linearity of the thermoluminescence response. We correlated the observed effects with the structural changes based on fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

Tuning the persistent luminescence property of a Y3Al2Ga3O12:Ce3+,Yb3+ phosphor by controlling the intrinsic oxygen vacancy concentration.

Oxygen vacancies (VO), acting as electron traps, have a significant impact on the persistent luminescence (PersL) property of persistent phosphors. However, the effect of VO on PersL remains still unclear enough to limit the development of PersL materials. In this study, the VO concentration of the Y2.978Ce0.018Yb0.004Al2Ga3O12 phosphor is accurately controlled by annealing in air and 10%H2/90%Ar atmospheres at various temperatures. The results show as the annealing temperature increases during the air annealing the VO concentration, the PersL durations, and the thermoluminescence (TL) intensity constantly decreases, and the three data coincide well with each other, indicating the PersL property of the Y2.978Ce0.018Yb0.004Al2Ga3O12 is successfully tuned. Besides, the trap structure of the Y2.978Ce0.018Yb0.004Al2Ga3O12 and the charge compensation effect of Yb ions on VO defects are also discussed. By deconvoluting the TL curves, the Yb trap with a depth of 0.58 eV has been distinctly separated from the VO traps with a quasi-continuous and broad distribution of depths ranging from 0.58 to 1.21 eV. Our work demonstrates a better understanding of the relationship between VO and PersL is of great significance to design a high-performance phosphor.

Structural and Thermal Properties of a Selected Host Crystal Lattice: Exploration of Inherent Possibilities

Host Ba2MgSi2O7 phosphor was successfully prepared via low temperature combustion synthesis route. The phase identification of the prepared phosphor was done with the help of powder XRD technique. The XRD pattern of the phosphor revealed its monoclinic crystal symmetry with a space group C2/c. The XRD pattern have well clarified with JCPDS PDF card no. #23-0842. The average crystallite size was calculated as 42nm and crystal lattice strain size calculated as 0.24, respectively. It is acquired that the sample UV exposed for 15min gives optimum TL intensity at 112.190C temperature and displays single TL glow peak. On the basis of TL glow curve, it can be suggested that the Ba2MgSi2O7 (BMS) phosphor is an efficient host lattice but not a better TL phosphor. In our present study, we have discussed on the XRD, FESEM and thermo-luminescence (TL) characteristics as well as different kinetic parameters of this phosphor.

Thermoluminescent response of LaAlO3:Pr3+ under X-ray beams effect

Thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeters are the most used, since they can store information, due to exposure to radiation. Rare earth doped lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) ceramic has attracted great attention in recent years for many applications because it shows excellent properties such as thermal stability, color light emission as well as high thermoluminescent intensity. In the present work, TL glow curve under diagnostic X-ray beam was obtained. According to the literature, procedures in interventional cardiology are Thermoluminescent glow curve was analyzed using a Harshaw 3500 TL reader coupled to a personal computer for storage information and future analysis. For irradiation processes was used a diagnostic X-ray source Siemens 256-slice computed tomography (CT) Somaton drive model. TL response of trivalent praseodymium doped lanthanum aluminate as a function of dopant concentration was increasing as concentrations of Pr3+ ion in LaAlO3 was increased. The increase in TL glow peak sensitivity was increased up to 2 % concentration of Pr3+ ion. This TL glow curve exhibited a broad peak centered at 190°C and little shoulder which is consider as the second peak centered at 260°C respectively. The nature of the glow curve form in samples is attributed to at least one type of the trap with relates at least one type of the defect. After experimental results LaAlO3:Pr3+ can be used as thermoluminescent material for diagnostic X-ray beams measurements.

Thermoluminescence and kinetic parameters of Dy3+-doped LiYF4

This work reports the kinetics of charge carriers in Dy3+-doped LiYF4 by means of thermoluminescence (TL) and isothermal luminescence decay (ITL) analyses, where the activation energy for all traps was calculated. LiYF4:Dy was synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The crystalline structure was studied by X-ray diffraction, refined using Rietveld method. We have investigated TL emission as function of both temperature and wavelength. The influence of heating rate on peak position (temperature of maximum TL intensity), the dose-response curve, and activation energy obtained from the fitting of glow curves and isothermal decay. The results demonstrate that the Dy3+ ion should act as a stable trap at room temperature. TL glow curve was registered after irradiating the samples with doses from 0.1 Gy to 100 Gy using a beta 90Sr/90Y source. From the results, it was possible to identify a first-order kinetic mechanism, with linear dose response of the maximum intensity of the main peak. On the other hand, the total area under TL curves presented sub-linear response for doses higher than 5.0 Gy, which points out to the presence of shallow traps in the material.

Studies on luminescence properties and photo-thermo transfer phenomena in fluorapatite

This study reports the structure, composition, photoluminescence (PL), thermoluminescence (TL), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties of the Brazilian natural fluorapatite. Also, the existence of photo-thermo transfer phenomena is investigated from TL/OSL emission mechanisms. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals that the sample has a hexagonal system with a crystallite size of about 46 nm calculated using the Scherrer formula. The presence of several elements including the rare earths such as Ce, Nd, and Er are identified using total X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy results. Ce3+ ions are associated with the emission band at 371 nm when excited at 300 nm. Fluorapatite exhibits intense TL and OSL signals when irradiated with beta particles and shows linear dose-response from 1 up to 50 Gy. The TL glow curves are deconvoluted to six peaks centered at 99, 147, 188, 242, 329, and 431 °C using general order kinetic equation. The corresponding activation energies vary between 0.68 and 1.11 eV. An anomalous fading is noticed for the first TL peak, which decays completely in 6 h; the second TL glow peak decays about 59% within 12 h and other high temperature peaks are more stable. Continuous-wave OSL (CW-OSL) is constituted of three components, having decay times (τ) of 0.39, 5, and 64 s. The deconvoluted linearly modulated OSL (LM-OSL) has four peaks, with peak maxima (tm) at 2.85, 7.4, 27, and 130 s. Further, it is noticed the phenomenon of phototransferred TL (PTTL) at 30 °C, due to the optical transfer of electrons related to the traps of 329 and 431 °C peaks to the main peak at 242 °C. The temperature-induced PTTL using thermally assisted OSL (TA-OSL) at 170 °C with 400 s of blue stimulation depicted a transfer of trapped electrons from very deep traps (VDTs), located at temperatures higher than 500 °C, to the main peak. Here, the luminescence intensity increases with the beta dose.

Irradiative thermoluminescence, and defect center analysis in Ni2+ ionic CaAl2SiO6 glass lattice

In this study, we obtained nickel oxide-doped CaAl2SiO6 glasses and analyzed their structural, optical, thermoluminescent, and photoluminescent properties. In general, NiO-doped glasses are useful as optical materials. However, optical materials such as glasses containing Ni2+ ions require refinement of their properties in terms of their structure, thermal stability, microhardness, electrical conductivity, and luminescence to facilitate the development of advanced thermoluminescent materials. Thus, Ni2+ ionic CaAl2SiO6 glasses were synthesized and tested in this study. We observed the amorphous behavior of samples by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The order of density, oxygen packing density, polaronic radius, molar volume, and refractive index were evaluated for the glasses. The glass transition temperatures were identified using DTA to assess the order of the thermal stabilities, where the highest was found for the Ni0.6Ca9.4Al30Si60 glass. The modes of molecular vibrations for Ni–O–Ni, Ca–O–Ca, Al–O–Al, and Si–O–Si molecules were identified using FT-IR. The highest transmittance intensities were determined for the Ni0.6Ca9.4Al30Si60 glass. The order of the electrical conductivity and activation energy were obtained for glasses using DC conductivity measurements, where the highest was found for the Ni0.6Ca9.4Al30Si60 glass. Optical absorption spectra were recorded for the glasses to determine the order of the band gap (∼0.78 eV) and nephelauxetic ratio (0.799). The photoluminescence was recorded for the glasses at an excitation wavelength of 400 nm to determine the order of the transition probability (∼1.85 S–1) and luminescence emission cross section (∼0.819 × 10−34 cm2). The highest transmittance intensities were obtained for the Ni0.6Ca9.4Al30Si60 glass. Thermoluminescence was recorded for the glasses under gamma irradiation at a dose of 30 kGy, which yielded the shape symmetry factor (∼0.535%), frequency factor (1.31 S–1), and activation energy (∼0.551 eV). Irradiative thermoluminescent analysis suggested a higher order octahedral tendency, and the divalent oxidation states for nickel ions in the glass with an NiO concentration of 0.6 mol% obtained the best thermoluminescent intensities. The orders of the elastic modulus, nephelauxetic ratio, and microhardness for the glasses suggested covalently connected elastic lattices.

Dosimetric properties of thermoluminescent NaCl pellets from Khewra Salt Mines, Pakistan.

Thermoluminescence (TL) and extended dosimetric characteristics of naturally occurring sodium chloride (NaCl) salt were studied. Pellets were prepared from mined crystalline salt obtained from Khewra Salt Mines, Pakistan and irradiated from 1mGy to 10,000 mGy using cobalt-60 gamma source. The TL response showed two dominant peaks around 125°C and 230°C, respectively, at low doses, with an additional peak in between at doses beyond 300 mGy. A linear and supra-linear TL response was observed between 1mGy-100 mGy and 100 mGy-10Gy dose ranges, respectively. During the first 24 h post-irradiation, the TL intensity dropped by 20%. A maximum angular dependence of up to 50% was observed between 0° to 360°. For photon energies between 33 keV and 1.25 MeV significant energy dependence was observed for photons < 100 keV only. Sample sensitivity increased with dose a qualitatively similar behaviour to TLD-200. Effective atomic number (Zeff ) of the sample (14.6) was comparable to TLD-200 (16.3). No significant dose rate effects (deviation for a cobalt-60 source within 3.5%) on the TL sensitivity of the sample were found. The lowest detectable dose limit (LDDL) for salt sample was found to be 0.8mGy whereas the sample reproducibility test showed a maximum of ±11% deviation from the first value.

Structural and analyses of thermoluminescence glow curves in Sm doped SrGd2O4 phosphor

In this study, SrGd2O4: xSm3+ (x = 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) phosphors were synthesized using solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed a orthorhombic structure (space group Pnam (62)) of synthesized compounds. Following irradiation with 10 Gy beta dose, the sample doped with 0.5% Sm exhibited the highest integrated thermoluminescence (TL) intensity with the IRSL-TL wideband blue filter. In order to evaluate dose-response, samples were irradiated with beta radiation for 0.1–10 Gy. The Hoogenstraaten’s method, the initial rise method, combined with the TM-Tstop experiment, and glow curve fitting package were employed to determine the number of peaks, the trap structure, and the kinetic parameters of the thermoluminescence glow curve of Sm doped SrGd2O4. Based on the glow curve deconvolution obtained using software package, the component TL glow peaks present in the complex glow curve are composed of well-isolated five overlapping glow peaks.

Alexandrite: investigation of a natural material for radiation dosimetry

In this work we performed experimental analyses of the dose-response curves of natural alexandrite, using thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The natural alexandrite crystals from Bahia, Brazil, were pulverized and the optical absorption measurements were carried out in the range of 200 to 800 nm, comparing a non-irradiated sample with a 10 Gy beta irradiated one. OSL and TL measurements were performed using the Risø equipment (model DA-20) with irradiation doses from 1 to 5 Gy. Glow curve analysis was done using GlowFit software for TL, and R Studio software for OSL measurements. The irradiated sample (10 Gy) shows an absorption spectrum similar to the non-irradiated one, containing the same bands. The samples of natural alexandrite showed a linear dose-response for both OSL and TL measurements. From the TL and OSL analyses, it was possible to infer a correlation between the slow OSL component with the most intense TL peaks of alexandrite.

Beta radiation excited thermoluminescence of solid-state synthesized SrZrO3 phosphors

In this work, we report on the solid-state reaction synthesis of SrZrO3 phosphors, and their beta particle irradiation excited thermoluminescence (TL) characterization. X-ray diffraction data confirmed the obtention of the orthorhombic phase of SrZrO3. Through computational glow curve deconvolution, the whole glow curve was resolved into six individual first order kinetics peaks. This is the first report concerning the usefulness of SrZrO3 as TL dosimeter. The synthesized phosphors exhibit TL emission from below 100 °C up to above 300 °C, being the most intense TL between 200 and 300 °C, as well as a remarkable reproducibility of the TL response in repeated irradiation-TL readout cycles.

Structural characterization, continuous-wave optically stimulated luminescence, and correlation between thermoluminescence and EPR of Ce-doped Ca2Al2SiO7 phosphor synthesized by a solid-state reaction method

A calcium aluminum silicate (Ca2Al2SiO7) phosphor doped with different concentrations of cerium has been prepared by a solid-state reaction method. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and using the Rietveld refinement method, the phase, structure, and average crystalline size have been determined. Luminescence emissions have been investigated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) methods. TL studies reveal a broad peak centered at 220 °C with an emission band at 410 nm. The TL intensity of a sample doped with 0.1 mol% Ce proved to be 115 times stronger than that of an undoped sample. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been utilized to detect the defect centers responsible for the TL process in Ce-doped Ca2Al2SiO7 phosphor. The observed EPR spectrum results from a superposition of three defect centers. Center I with a g-value of 2.0090 is assigned to an O− ion and exhibits hyperfine interaction with a nearby nucleus with spin 3/2. This center relates to the TL peak at 220 °C. Center II with an isotropic g-value of 2.0073 is also ascribed to an O− ion and correlates with the dominant 220 °C TL peak. Center III has a g-value of 2.0076 and is identified as an F+ center (singly-ionized oxygen vacancy).

Synthesis and thermoluminescence study of Eu doped novel LaBO3 phosphor: Heating rate, dose response, trapping parameters

In this study, LaBO3, one of the Lanthanum-based perovskites-type oxides, and a series of LaBO3:Eu3+ phosphor samples were synthesized by solid state reaction technique. By using XRD, samples of the synthesized samples were analysed to identify a compound that indicates orthorhombic cells belonging to the Pmcn (62) space group. After 5 Gy of beta irradiation, the sample doped with 0.5 mass % Eu showed the highest integrated thermoluminescence intensity (TL). To evaluate the dose response, samples were irradiated with beta radiation from 0.1 to 100 Gy. The studied sample exhibits linear behaviour up to doses up to 5 Gy, while above this (up to 100 Gy) shows quasi-linear behaviour before reaching saturation. The peak number, trap structure, and kinetic parameters of Eu-doped LaBO3 thermoluminescence curves were determined using an initial rise method combined with TM-Tstop experiments, various heating rates (VHR), and Glow Curve Deconvolution (GCD) method. TM–Tstop calculations suggest nine plateaus of activation with energies of 1.21 eV, 0.98 eV, 1.03 eV, 1.32 eV, 1.43 eV, 0.68 eV, 1.98 eV, 1.83 eV and 1.92 eV which constitute the main radiation storage contributions. The GCD method was used to calculate trap depths and frequency factors ranging from 0.68 to 1.95 eV and from 106 to 1015 s−1, respectively. In VHR method, one of the high temperature glow peaks exhibited unusual behaviour which was attributed to a competition between radiative and non-radiative transitions.

LiTaO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Ga3+,Ge4+: A Smart Perovskite with High Charge Carrier Storage Capacity for X‐Ray Imaging, Stress Sensing, and Non‐Real‐Time Recording

AbstractDeveloping X‐ray or UV‐light charged storage and mechanoluminescence (ML) materials with high charge carrier storage capacity is challenging. Such materials have promising utilization in developing new applications, for example, in flexible X‐ray imaging, stress sensing, or non‐real‐time recording. Herein, the study reports on such materials; Bi3+, Tb3+, Ga3+, or Ge4+ doped LiTaO3 perovskite storage and ML phosphors. Their photoluminescence, thermoluminescence (TL), and ML properties are studied. The charge carrier trapping and release processes in the Bi3+, Tb3+, Ga3+, or Ge4+ doped LiTaO3 are explained by using the constructed vacuum referred binding energy diagram of LiTaO3 including the energy level locations of unintended defects, Tb3+, Bi3+, and Bi2+. The ratio of the TL intensity after X‐ray charging of the optimized LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.006Tb3+,0.05Ga3+, or LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.006Tb3+,0.05Ge4+ to that of the state‐of‐the‐art BaFBr(I):Eu2+ is ≈1.2 and 2.7, respectively. Force induced charge carrier storage phenomena is studied in the Tb3+, Bi3+, Ga3+, or Ge4+ doped LiTaO3. Proof‐of‐concept compression force distribution sensing and X‐ray imaging is demonstrated by using optimized LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.006Tb3+,0.05Ga3+ dispersed in a hard epoxy resin disc and in a silicone gel film. Proof‐of‐concept color‐tailorable ML for anti‐counterfeiting is demonstrated by admixing commercial ZnS:Cu+,Mn2+ with optimized LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.006Tb3+,0.05Ge4+ in an epoxy resin disc.

Concerning a hole trap in α-Al2O3:C,Mg

We report the existence of a hole trap in α-Al2O3:C,Mg as determined using thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The associated experiments are based on the hypotheses that if a TL glow peak is associated with a hole trap in the glow curve of α-Al2O3:C,Mg, that hole trap will not participate in any light-induced electron-transfer process and its removal will not cause the OSL intensity to decrease. To examine the first hypothesis, a TL glow curve was recorded at 1 °C/s to establish the position of glow peaks. There is a high intensity peak at 184 °C (labeled as peak IV) and eight secondary peaks at 48, 80, 108, 228, 288, 320, 386, and 426 °C (peaks I, II, III, and V–IX). The light-induced charge transfer between various electron traps associated with the peaks was studied. This study reveals that all peaks except the one at 228 °C (peak V) participate in the charge-transfer process. A test of the second hypothesis shows that peak V is also not reproduced by illumination (phototransfer), and the depletion of this peak does not influence the charge-transfer process. An additional study on the effect of temperature on the TL and OSL intensity was carried out to further assess the nature of the charge traps associated with the peaks. The depletion of peak V does not affect the OSL intensity. The results from both experiments are clear evidence consistent with the hypothesis that the charge trap associated with peak V is a hole trap.

Passive Dosimeter Based on BaBrF:Tm\(^{3+}\) Phosphor for \(\gamma\)-ray Dosimetry

Thulium (Tm\({}^{3+}\)) ions doped Barium Bromide Fluoride (BaBrF) samples were synthesized successfully through the solid-state diffusion method. The crystal structure and phase purity of the synthesized sample were examined by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Dosimetric properties of \(\gamma\)-ray exposed samples of BaBrF:Tm\({}^{3+}\) investigated. To obtain the maximum Thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity of the material, the dopant concentration level and annealing temperature were optimized. It is observed that the dopant concentration 2.0 mol% of Tm\({}^{3+}\) and the annealing at 673 K temperature the phosphor material exhibits maximum TL intensity. The \(\gamma\)-Ray dose-response, fading of the TL signal, and kinetic parameters of the TL glow curve were also investigated. TL sensitivity of the BaBrF:Tm\({}^{3+}\) phosphor compared to the commercially available CaSO\({}_{4}\):Dy (TLD-900) dosimeter used for radiation measurement. On the basis of their promising dosimetric characteristics, it can become a good TL dosimeter for passive dosimetry of high energy \(\gamma\)-ray radiation.

TeO2–SiO2–B2O3 glasses doped with CeO2 for gamma radiation shielding and dosimetry application

Bismuth borosilicate glasses doped with 0.5 mol% of CeO2 and increasing concentration of TeO2 (0–40 mol%) are synthesized by melt quench method with 12500C melting temperature, then coded as BiTe glasses. Theoretical values of parameters related gamma radiation shielding such as linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and mean free path (MFP) are determined from Phy-X/PSD software in the radiation energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. We have achieved greater density value of around 5 gcm−3 and highest set of LAC values 314–0.2 cm−1 for BiTe-40 glass along with lowest range 0.002–3.8 cm of HVL thickness. On gamma irradiation, there was a notable enhancement in thermoluminescence (TL) intensity for TeO2 content greater than 30 mol% due to increase in density of trap centres. CeO2 incorporation has also contributed to increasing density of trap centres. The kinetic parameters were evaluated with the help of glow curve deconvolution technique from which the calculated activation energy was highest (1.652 eV) for BiTe-40 glass with longer lifetime (6.34 × 106 years) of charges trapped in high temperature region of 559 K.