Intensity Of Pest Attacks Research Articles

Relationship between the Farmers' Level of Compliance in Using Pesticides and Pests, Diseases, Natural Enemies and Product Safety of Rice

The use of pesticides is one of the control alternatives that is widely used by farmers. However, continuous and inappropriate use of pesticides can have negative impacts on humans and the environment. This research aims to determine the relationship between the level of farmer compliance in using pesticides and pest attacks, disease, natural enemy populations and product safety. The research was conducted in two areas, namely Tanjung Lago and Pemulutan by interviewing farmers and direct observation of rice fields. The variables observed were the percentage and intensity of pest attacks, plant disease. and natural enemy populations. The level of farmer compliance is connected to field data and the correlation efficiency is calculated. The relationship between farmer compliance in the use of pesticides against pests and disease is negatively correlated, and positively correlated with the population of natural enemies. Using herbal pesticides according to the dosage can reduce the negative impact of pesticides on the environment.

Aplikasi Ekstrak Mimosa invisa L. dan Pupuk NPK Dosis Rendah dalam Pengendalian Hama dan Patogen Padi Gogo

This study aimed to determine the effect of Mimosa invisa L. weed extract application and a low dose of NPK fertilizer on the intensity of pest attack and pathogen infection on upland rice. This research has been done using Split Plot Design with 3 replications. The main plot was the dose of NPK fertilizer (50% and 100% NPK). The subplot was the concentration of weed extract (0, 1.25, 1.67, 2.5, and 5% concentrations). The variables observed include the intensity of grasshopper and case worm attack, Cercospora sp. that causes brown spots, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that causes bacterial leaf blight. The results showed that the application of weed extract under a low dose (50% NPK) has not been able to suppress the intensity of grasshopper and case worm attacks, and the intensity of the pathogen causes brown spots and bacterial leaf blight. However, 2,5% and 5% concentrations of weed extract can potentially suppress pathogen infection that causes brown spots on upland rice. Keywords: grasshopper, brown spots, Mimosa invisa L.weed extract, case worm, bacterial leaf blight, NPK fertilizer

The effectiveness of garlic extract against Spodoptera litura on Chili

Spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest and attack many families of cultivated plants, such as chili plants. Application of synthetic pesticides is still the mainstay for controlling this pest in the field. To support eco-friendly plant protection management, it is important to explore potential natural materials such as garlic extract. This research aims to determine the potential of garlic extract in controlling S. litura on chili plants, and to see its indirect effect on chili yield. The research was carried out in two sites, in the laboratory and the field. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The concentrations of garlic extract, i.e., control (0%), 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, and 32%. The results showed the application of garlic extract had a significant effect on the mortality of S. litura, the frequency of attacks, and the intensity of pest attacks in the field, and had an effect on the variable number of fruit and fruit weight of chili plants. The LC50 and LC90 values reached 19.66% and 29.97% in the laboratory, and 28.30% and 34.3%% in the field, respectively. The LT50 and LT90 values from the 32% garlic extract in the laboratory were respectively 3.37 and 7.23 days. The application of garlic extraction affected growth and yield, i.e. healthy leaves, number of fruits, and weight of fruits in chili. The garlic extract is potentially used as an organic pesticide to suppress the S.litura attacks while keeping the plant's growth and yield.

Influence of Monoculture and Polyculture Planting Patterns on the Intensity of Pest Attacks by Helopeltis sp. on Arabica Coffee of the Sigarar Utang Variety in North Tapanuli Regency

Coffee is one of the leading commodities in the plantation subsector in North Sumatra which has good market opportunities both domestically and abroad. Especially in the Lake Toba area, apart from the PBKo pest, it turns out that attacks by the coffee leaf sucking pest Helopeltis sp. are also felt to be very important by farmers, because the presence of Helopeltis sp. This causes the coffee leaf shoots to develop brown spots, curl and eventually dry out and die (die back). The aim of the research was to study the symptoms of attacks and the intensity of Helopeltis sp. attacks on Arabica coffee plants in the Lake Toba area, North Tapanuli Regency. This research was carried out on people's coffee plantations in North Tapanuli Regency at an altitude of 1,300 meters above sea level, from February to June 2023. On the Sigarar Utang variety Arabica coffee plantation with monoculture and polyculture planting patterns. The sample plants were determined to be 10% of the total plants at each observation location. Sampling of plant samples is determined using a zig zag line. The parameters observed were the intensity of attacks and the percentage of pest attacks. The results obtained by Helopeltis sp. sucking shoot pests have been known to attack coffee plants in North Tapanuli Regency with symptoms of attack. At the start of the attack, leaf spots are visible, brown, curly and eventually dry out, die back, then grow rosettes, namely shoots, new ones that are shortened tightly and do not develop. The intensity of attacks by Helopeltis sp. on smallholder coffee plantations in North Tapanuli Regency is quite varied, from light to heavy attacks with the intensity of shoot attacks ranging from 15.67% to 57.80%. Monoculture coffee plantations with protective plants, but no pruning, are locations with Helopeltis sp. attack levels in the heavy category with shoot attack intensity reaching 56.66%. The intercropping coffee plant cultivation system (polyculture) had a significant influence on the low intensity of Helopeltis sp. attacks, where tcount (8.921) > ttable (2.306).

Activity of nanoemulsion botanical insecticides from Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais

Abstract. Nuryanti NSP, Budiarti L, Dulbari, Sutrisno H, Sudrajat D, Yuriansyah, Priyadi, Rahmadi R, Rochman F, Sari EY, Maharani JS. 2023. Activity of nanoemulsion botanical insecticides from Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais. Biodiversitas 24: 5610-5617. Maize weevils also known as Sitophilus zeamais, are primary pests that decrease in the quality and quantity of grain products. This study aimed to examine the impact of nanoemulsion formulas of Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oils on S. zeamais adults. The investigation focused on the toxicity, ability to inhibit population growth, intensity of damage caused, and effect on seed weight loss. The essential oils were extracted using the distillation method, and the toxicity was tested through contact, fumigant, and seed dressing. A probit program was used to analyze the toxicity level (LC50 and LC95). The results showed that M. fragrans essential oil had the highest toxicity in contact treatment and the lowest when applied via fumigation. Furthermore, this method shows an LC50 value for the contact method of 0.53% and fumigation of 1.01%, while the LC95 value is 4.38% and 10.60% respectively. Based on the LC95 botanical insecticide from J. curcas, all three methods were toxic to S. zeamais adults, with contact being the highest, followed by seed dressing, and fumigant, at 5.23, 6.44, and 19.94%, respectively. The botanical insecticides derived from M. fragrans essential oil through contact provided the best inhibitory activity on population development, intensity of damage, and seed weight loss, with values of 18.00, 16.81, and 13.96%. Plant-based pesticides not only cause pest mortality but also maintain seed quality by reducing weight loss, intensity of pest attacks, and inhibiting the development of pest populations in storage.

The Effect of Various Insecticide Active Ingredients on the Intensity of Pest Attacks on Red Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L.)

Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an annuals of the eggplant family (Solanaceae). This plant comes from the American continent, precisely in the Peruvian area, and extends to other areas on the continent. The average consumption of red chili per capita of Indonesian people is 500 grams/year, 118,800 tons per year. Chili production in Indonesia has increased from year to year, in 2021 chili production reached 2,747,108 tons. Fruit caterpillars (helicoverpa armigera) are pests that often attack important plants in Indonesia. This pest usually attacks young fruits by making holes and eating them. An effort that farmers often make to control this pest is to use insecticides. Insecticides are chemicals that function to eradicate annoying insects. Common active ingredients applied for fruit caterpillar control are Chlorpyrifos, Chlorantraniliprol, Cipermethrin, Deltamethrin. This research was conducted in Ambit Village, Waled District, Cirebon Regency, West Java Province. The implementation time lasts for 3 months (July to September 2023). The method used in this study was Randomized Group Design (RGD) consisting of 5 treatments of various insecticide active ingredients and control (without treatment) repeated 5 times so that there were 25 experimental plots with treatment A (Chlorpyrifos), B (Chlorantraniliprol), C (Cipermethrin), D (Deltamethrin), and E (Control). The concentration of insecticide used is 2 ml / liter. The experimental results showed that the treatment of insecticide active ingredients had a real influence on the intensity of fruit caterpillar pest attacks (Helicoverpa amigera) and on other pests such as whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Insecticides have no real effect on the intensity of chili plant disease attacks such as anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gleosporioides). The insecticide applied also does not cause phytotoxicity to the growth of chili plants. The active ingredients of insecticides Chlorpyrifos, Chlorantraniliprol and Sipermethrin gave better results when compared to Deltrametrin and control insecticides. Thehighest harvest result was obtained from the treatment of the insecticide Chlorantraniliprol, as much as 10.31 kg/plot, or equivalent to 10.31 tons/ hectare.

Effectiveness of Aromatic Plants on The Population and Intensity of Aphis gossypii Pest Attack on Plant Cucumis sativus

The control of plant-disturbing organisms particularly in cucumber plant pests, such as the aplications of chemical and vegetable pesticides. The use of chemical pesticides dosis that is determined made the pests more resistent than normal dosis. Reduction of chemical pesticides can be done with a polyculture cropping system using aromatic plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aromatic plants on population, intensity of pest attacks, and production yields in cucumber plants, then find out the most effective treatment to suppress populations of pest. This research conducted in Tanjung Rejo Village, Wuluhan District, Jember in January to July 2021. The research design used a randomized block design with 4 treatments that is P0 (control), P1 (basil), P2 (leek), and P3 (celery) which is repeated 6 times. The observed variabels were the population of pest, intensity of pest attaks, and cucumber productions. The data obtained were tested with ANOVA and if it were significantly different, further tests were carried out using Duncan Multiple Range Test with a level of 5%. Based on the result of this study, it showed that the types of aromatic plants has an effect on Aphis gossypii pests in cucumber plants with significantly different effects every week. The highest population and intensity of pest damage in P0 (control) treatment is 32,91 tails/ plants and intensity of pest damage is 21,08 %/ plants. The most effective treatment that can suppress the population of pest in basil treatment is 20,48 tails/plant and intensity of pest damage is 15,69 %/plants. The highest cucumber production in the basil treatment is 10,25 tons/Ha and the lowest cucumber production in the control treatment is 8,5 tons/Ha.

Pengaruh Aplikasi Beauveria Bassiana Terhadap Intensitas Serangan dan Mortalitas Larva Spodoptera frugiperda Pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.).

S. frugiperda is a pest that attacks corn plants by eating young shoots/leaves. Leaves that are attacked by S. frugiperda will have many hoisting holes from the edges to the inside. If the attack of S. frugiperda is not immediately controlled, the losses will be crop failure. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of several concentrations of B. bassiana on the intensity of pest attack and mortality of S. frugiperda larvae on maize. This research was conducted in the green house laboratory of Billfath University using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and four replications. The concentrations of B. bassiana used included K1= negative control (without application), K2= B. bassiana 5 ml/L, K3= B. bassiana 15 ml/L, K4= B. bassiana 25 ml/L and K5= positive control (Chemical insecticide Tiamethoxam 25%) 0.01 g/L. The results showed that the application of the fungus B. bassiana with a concentration of 25 ml/L was effective in controlling S. frugiperda pests on maize (Zea mays L.) which resulted in an attack intensity of 12.50% and larval mortality of 95%..
 Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana, S. frugiperda, corn

Pengaruh Pemberian Pestisida Nabati Tanaman Tembakau dan Brotowali terhadap Tingkat Kerusakan Hama Kutu Hijau pada Tanaman Kopi Varietas Robusta di Desa Dompyong, Kecamatan Bendungan Kabupaten Trenggalek

Green fleas or Coccus viridis (Homopterа: Coccidae) is one of the pests of coffee plants. Pest control efforts can be carred out by using environmentally friendly botanical pesticides. Vegetable pesticides are pesticides whose main ingredients come from plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving pesticides from tobacco plants, brotowali plants, and a mixture of the two, with different concentrations on the level of damage to green tick pests on Robusta coffee plants in Dompyong Village, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency. This research was carried out in vivo and in vitro. In vivo testing using the RAK method or Factorial Randomized Block Design and then for in vitro testing using the non-factorial RAL method. For in vivo testing there are 6 levels of treatment, each treatment has 4 replications. In vitro testing was carried out in the laboratory with 5 levels of treatment and there were 4 replications. The application of botanical pesticides has a significant effect on the intensity of pest attacks, the number of pest populations, and the mortality of green lice. The result of this study is that the most effective composition of botanical pesticides to reduce pest attacks on coffee plants in Dompyong village, Bendungan district, Trenggalek district is to use a composition of vegetable pesticides made from tobacco plants. For the concentration of botanical pesticides that are effective in reducing the level of damage to coffee plants caused by green lice is a concentration of 200 ml/l with an average mortality value of 20.00.

Tobacco extract-based biopesticide from cigarette butt waste for corn plants (Zea mays L.)

Cigarette butt waste can be used for biopesticides for environmentally friendly agricultural activities. Biopesticides cigarette can be produced by conducting a maceration extraction test using polar, non-polar, and semi-polar compounds and conducting a Mass Spectrometer Chromatography (GC-MS) test. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of bio-pesticide based on tobacco extract from cigarette butt waste for maize (Zea mays L.)". The highest yield value was the ethanol sample of 1.208%, compared to the N-hexane sample of 0.25% and the DCM sample of 0.6%. For the comparison of solvents used were 500 ml of ethanol, 250 ml of N-hexane, and 250 ml for DCM as well. After conducting the GC-MS test, the compounds obtained are alkaloid compounds, phenolic compounds, sesquiterpenoid compounds, and terpenoid compounds, each of which has benefits as a pest control or deterrent to plants. For the effectiveness test results on Corn (Zea mays L.), there was no intensity of pest attack on the ethanol sample, N-hexane sample, and DCM sample. In contrast, there was a pest attack intensity of 0.3% for the control sample. Therefore, the Biopesticides studied are similar to synthetic pesticides because they can eradicate pests and make growth effective faster.

IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT KESEHATAN PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN AKIBAT SERANGAN HAMA

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop in developing countries including Indonesia. Lowland rice cultivation has problems in the field, especially the level of plant health. The level of plant health is determined by the disturbance and intensity of pest attacks. This study aims to determine the types of pests of lowland rice, the intensity of pest attacks and the health level of paddy rice plants. The research was conducted in the villages of Puosu Jaya, Lamomea Village and Lebo Jaya, Konda District, Konawe Selatan Regency and the Plant Protection Laboratory of the Entomology Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University Kendari. The research was conducted from October to December 2021. The variables observed were types of rice pests, intensity of damage and health level of paddy rice plants. This research uses descriptive analysis. Pests that attack paddy rice in Konda District, South Konawe Regency consist of Scirpophaga innotata, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Locusta migratoria, Leptocorisa acuta and Rattus argentiventer. The health level of lowland rice in Konda District, Konawe Regency due to attacks is classified as moderate to good.

The influence of decision making of farmers choosing rice varieties on rice productivity levels in Central Lampung Regency

This study aims to determine the influence of decision making of farmers choosing rice varieties on rice productivity levels. The data analysis method used in this study is descriptive and quantitative analysis. This research was conducted in Bangun Rejo Subdistrict, Central Lampung Regency. The number of respondents in this study was 73 samples. The data used is primary and secondary data. The data analysis in this study was conducted with multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that the decision-making process of choosing rice varieties by farmers is done by considering several things, namely the suitability of varieties to the needs of farmers, the suitability of varieties with the experience of farmers, the level of complexity in the application of varieties, as well as the relative advantages of varieties. The decision-making of farmers choosing rice varieties positively affects 90.4 percent of rice productivity. The more appropriate farmers choose rice varieties that suit the needs, conditions of the land, type and intensity of pest attacks in the area, it will support the acquisition of high productivity.

Potential Use of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke as an Insecticide on Soybean and the Impact on Agronomic Performance

One of the limiting factors in increasing soybean production is the high infestation of pests and diseases. Coconut shell liquid smoke has potential as a botanical insecticide on soybeans. This study was conducted to determine potential use of coconut shell liquid smoke on growth and yield of soybean compared to biological insecticide (entomopathogenic fungi) and chemical insecticide on acidic dry land in South Lampung, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The treatments were arranged with three insecticide treatments and two fertilization method (organic and inorganic fertilization), and control without insecticides and fertilizers. The intensity of pest attacks (I) was calculated using Townsend–Heuberger formula. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment of three insecticide applications and two fertilization methods on the agronomic performance and yield of soybeans. Different results were shown in the control without fertilization with lower yield. Pest infestation in coconut shell liquid smoke treatment was smaller than other treatments. Coconut shell liquid smoke has the potential to be developed as a botanical insecticide, with the same results compared to chemical insecticide treatments.

ANALISIS TINGKAT KERUSAKAN SERANGAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT DIPERSEMAIAN BPDASHL INDRAGIRI ROKAN PEKANBARU

The data collection technique was carried out by means of a census of 4 types of seeds (Karas, Kepayang, Jengkol and Petai), in each bed containing about 6000 seeds for each type. On the seeds of kepayang are whitefly or yellow lice, bagworms, ants. In jengkol seeds are bagworms and moths. On petai seedlings are moths. Diseases found in carrot seeds were powdery mildew, leaf spot, yellowing of the leaves. On kepayang seedlings are leaf spots and dry leaves. On jengkol seeds are necrosis, white fungus, yellow spots, black spots and dry leaves. Petai plant seeds are yellowed, brown and dry. The frequency of pest attacks on caras, kepayang, jengkol and petai seedlings was an average of 22.01%, including the category of mild damage. The frequency of disease attacks on karas, kepayang, jengkol and petai seedlings was on average 26.23% including the moderately damaged category. The intensity of pest attack on karas, kepayang, jengkol and petai seedlings on average was 17.88%, including the category of light damage. The intensity of disease attack on the seeds of karas, kepayang, jengkol and petai was an average of 22.77%, including the category of mild damage.

The intensity of major pests on pepper (Piper nigrum) in Tanggamus Regency - Lampung Province

As one of the black pepper production centers in Indonesia, Lampung pepper productivity is quite low compared to other central areas. Lampung produces around 500 kg/ha, quite far from the national average production which is around 796 kg/ha, or even the productivity of other regions such as Bangka-Belitung which has reached 1.2 tons/ha. One of the main problems that cause this is a fairly high pest attack. For this reason, a study was conducted on the intensity of the main pest attack on pepper plants in one of the pepper-producing areas in Lampung, namely Tanggamus Regency. The study was conducted in April-May 2021 by taking 100 plant spots (samples) randomly in the location. The intensity of pest attack is calculated by a scoring system. The results showed that there were three main pests that attacked pepper plants in Tanggamus Regency - Lampung Province, namely the pepper stem borer (Lophobaris piperis) with the intensity of around 38%; Thrips sp. with intensity of about 23% and fruit suckers (Dasynus piperis) with intensity of about 9%.

Ant Abundance, identification and relation with cocoa pest attacks under several shade trees.

Ants are soil macrofauna that plays an essential role in preventing pods of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) from Helopeltis antonii and Conopomorpha cramerella attack. However, the method of those pests control primarily using pesticides and that will disturbed ant's life. This research aims to determine the abundance and diversity of ants in cocoa plantations with different shade and to determine the correlation between ant abundance and intensity of pest attack from Helopeltis antonii and Conopomorpha cramerella. Ants sample was carried out using pitfall traps and Berlese funnels based on purposive sampling method. The results showed that five subfamilies were found in cocoa plantations with different shade. Subfamily Myrmicinae was the dominant group in all observation sites. The ant abundance has a strong correlation with intensity of pest attack. This was influenced by a role of the ant as natural enemies from Helopeltis antonii and Conopomorpha cramerella.

Development stages of soybean varieties against pod sucking pest Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Alydidae) under two different cultivation technologies

Pod sucking pest, Riptortus linearis, is one of the important pests on soybeans which cause high yield losses. In order to reduce yield loss, information related to the development stages of resistant varieties and appropriate cultivation technology is needed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the development stages of soybean varieties and cultivation technology on the population and intensity of pod sucking pests, R. linearis, attack and soybean yield. The study was conducted in a split plot design with two factors, namely cultivation technology [recommendation technology (TR) and existing technology (TE)], and soybean varieties: [Detap-1 (V1), Dega-1 (V2), Anjasmoro (V3), Biosoy (V4), and Dena-1 (V5)]. Each treatment combination was replicated three times resulting in 30 experimental plots. The results showed that soybean varieties affected the population and intensity of R. linearis. Development stages of soybean varieties that positively correlated with pest populations were plant height with a correlation coefficient value r=0.52, followed by pod trichome density (r=0.12), and the number of pods attacked (r=0.49). While the character that correlated with the intensity of pest attack was the density of trichomes (r=0.20). Recommended cultivation technology can increase soybean productivity between 0.1 – 0.47 ton/ha compared to farmers’ existing technology.

Identifikasi dan Efektivitas Berbagai Teknik Pengendalian Hama Baru Ulat Grayak Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith pada Tanaman Jagung berbasis PHT- Biointensif

The presence of new pest Spodoptera frugperda J. E. Smith has the potential to reduce corn production, so its existence needs to be controlled. The aim of this research is to obtain control techniques that could reduce the intensity of S. frugiperda pest’s attack. The research was conducted from June to October 2020. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design (RBD) with 9 replications and 3 treatments consisting of non-control (NP), PHT-biointensive (BI), and synthetic pesticides. In BI treatment, neem leaf extract (25 mL/plot) and Beauveria bassiana (6,25 g/plot) were used. Meanwhile, the PS treatment used deltametrin active ingredient (3,125 mL/plot). The volume of spray used was 1,25 L. The results showed that PS control techniques gave the best results in suppressing the intensity of fall armyworm S. frugiperda attacks (0,57%-7,04%) followed by BI treatment (0%-6,89%) and NP (0,97%-8,29%). The highest pest populations overall were found in NP treatment and the lowest in PS treatment. PS treatment provided the highest production result with a cob weight of 18,6 kg/plot (24,81 tons/ha), while BI treatment of 17,00 kg/plot (22,72 tons/ha) and NP of 15,44 kg/plot (20,64 tons/ha). The results of the correlation test between the intensity of pest attacks and production results showed that the higher the pest attack, the lower the harvest weight produced. Therefore, pest control by using synthetic pesticides made from active deltametrin is declared effective in suppressing the intensity of attacks and populations of fall armyworm S. frugiperda and able to provide high production results.
 
 Keywords: corn, intensity of attack, Spodoptera frugiperda

Pengaruh Aplikasi Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa dan Pupuk NPK Terhadap Hama dan Penyakit pada Padi Gogo

Pest and disease control for the upland rice cultivation needs to be done ecologically with the proper dose of fertilizer. Coconut shell as natural waste can be converted into wood vinegar which is useful for a biopesticide. The application of coconut shell wood vinegar as biopesticide combined with different NPK fertilizer doses needs to be examined in controlling pests and diseases in the upland rice crop. The objective of this study was to know the effect of NPK fertilizer rate and coconut shell wood vinegar application on pests (locusts and leaf folder), and on pathogen infection (Cercospora) on upland rice. The experiment was conducted in Klampok Sub-district, Banjarnegara Regency from April to July 2017. A split plot design was used replicated three times. The main plot was NPK fertilizers viz. 50% and 100% recommendation dosage, and the sub plots were concentration of coconut shell wood vinegar viz. 0% 1%; 1.25%; 1.67%; 2.5% and 5%. The intensity of pest attack, namely locusts and leaf folder, and pathogen infection of Cercospora brown spot disease were observed. Results showed that application of coconut shell wood vinegar suppressed the intensity of locust and leaf folder pests, and lower the intensity of Cercospora pathogen infection. To reduce the intensity of pests and pathogenic infections in upland rice, the application of coconut shell wood vinegar is suggested along with the use of low dose of NPK, for more effective and efficient pest control in environmentally friendly manner.

Identifikasi, Frekwensi dan Intensitas Serangan Hama Penyakit pada Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Burck pada Persemaian BPDASHL Kahayan, Tumbang Nusa, Kalimantan Tengah (Identification, Frequency and Intensity of Pets Attacks on Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Bur

Shorea balangeran is native species of peat swamp forests that have a relatively faster growth than other tress in the same place. This species is in the category of critically endangered (CR). The purpose of this research is to identify the damage level of Shorea balangeran that be caused by pests and diseases. The research was conducted in Nurseryof Watershed Management Agency and Protection Forest of Kahayan. Research method used simple random sampling with amount of samples were 800 Shorea balangeran. The research were conducted start from May to December, 2016. The results of research show the some pests and diseases that attack Shorea balangeran, they ar grasshopper, caterpillars fire, leaf spot disease, sooty mold, leaf rust, and leaf galls. They are sequentially caused by Catantops splendens, Thosea sp., Pestalotia sp., Capnodium sp., Hemileia sp., and the pests from Order Hymenoptera. The intensity of pest attack in Shorea balangeran is 5.88% and a frequency 1.5%. The intensity of disease is 19.1% and a frequency 58.5%. Both combination are 7.13% and 2.65%.