Intensity Of Free Radical Processes Research Articles

Effect of 3,5-Dicarbomethoxyphenylbiguanide on Free Radical Homeostasis in Rats with Experimental Myocarditis

Administration of 3,5-dicarbomethoxyphenylbiguanide to rats with experimental epinephrine-induced myocarditis was followed by a decrease in activity of marker enzymes for cardiomyocyte cytolysis in the blood serum. This agent also decreased the intensity of free radical processes and had a normalizing effect on aconitase activity in the heart and blood serum of rats with myocarditis.

Effects of Acute Hypoxia on the Intensity of Free-Radical Processes in the Basal Nuclei of the Brain and Behavior in Rats in the Open Field Test in Conditions of an Altered Photoperiod

The effects of acute hypoxia on the intensity of free-radical processes in the basal nuclei (caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, amygdalar complex) and the behavior of rats in an open field were studied in conditions of an altered photoperiod. Constant darkness was found to eliminate the effects of acute hypoxia on the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO), to preserve superoxide dismutase and catalase activities at higher levels, and to decrease glutathione peroxidase activity. In the light, there were increases in the sensitivity of neurons in the basal nuclei to acute hypoxia, which was manifest as intensification of LPO due to increased formation of diene conjugates. Catalase activity in almost all structures was significantly greater even than in intact rats. Altered photoperiods were found to modulate the effects of acute hypoxia on measures of activity in rats in the open field, the nature of the changes depending on the nature of the change in photophases.

Influence of iron and copper consumption on weight gain and oxidative stress in adipose tissue of Wistar rats.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of iron and copper consumption on weight gain and development of oxidative stress in adipose tissue of rats. Control rats obtained pure drinking water. Iron-treated groups of animals obtained FeSO4•12H2O with drinking water in concentrations of 3 and 6 mg/l, while copper-treated rats obtained CuSO4 in concentrations of 4.88 and 9.76 mg/l. The animals of the 6th group received a mixture of FeSO4•12H2O and CuSO4 in the respective concentrations of 3 and 4.88 mg/l in drinking water. All animals received a standard chow. The final weight of rats from all the experimental groups, especially in those obtaining the combination of iron and cooper, exceeded the control values. Maximal weight of fat pads was observed in animals receiving drinking water with 3 mg/l FeSO4•12H2O, 4.88 and 9.76 mg/l CuSO4, and the mixture of FeSO4•12H2O and CuSO4. The maximal intensity of free radical processes, as estimated by the concentration of fluorescent modified amino acids and the intensity of chemiluminescence in adipose tissue homogenates, was observed in rats obtaining iron in the concentration of 3 mg/l in the drinking water.

The effect of melatonin on the antioxidant status of rats with type II diabetes mellitus

The effect of melatonin on the intensity of free radical processes and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1.) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) has been investigated in liver and blood serum of rats with type II diabetes mellitus. According to results of this study the development of diabetes was accompanied by the increase in biochemiluminescence parameters and the enzyme activities studied. Melatonin administration changed the parameters studied towards control values and this is obviously associated with realization of the antioxidant potential of this hormone.

Experimental Study of Structural, Functional, and Biochemical Changes in Immune Organs under Conditions of Antitumor Activity of Copper Nanoparticles

The effects of copper nanoparticles on the structure and function of the immune system organs (thymus and spleen) and intensity of free radical processes in the spleens of rats with sarcoma 45 were studied. A relationship between morphological and biochemical changes and antitumor efficiency of copper nanoparticles was demonstrated.

Intensity of cardiac free-radicals processes and expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes in rats with adrenaline

The correlation between changes in activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in heart of rats during development of adrenaline myocarditis and intensity of free radical processes estimated by biochemiluminesce parameters and the content of lipoperoxidation products was demonstrated. The maximal increase of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities (in 1.8 and 1.4 times accordingly) was observed t 24 h after the development of the pathological process; this coincided with the maximum intensity of prosesses of free radical oxidation. Using combination of reverse transcriptions with real-time polymerase chain reaction the cardiac mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes were determined during the development of adrenaline myocarditis in rats. Analysis of expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes showed, that the level of this transcripts demonstrated 2,8- and 7,3- increase in rats with adrenaline myocarditis, respectively. Obviously, overexpression of these enzymes can increase the resistance of cardiomyocites to oxidative stress.

Intensity of myocardial free-radical processes and expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes in rats with adrenaline myocarditis

A correlation between changes in activities of myocardial glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and the intensity of free radical processes estimated by biochemiluminescence parameters and the content of lipoperoxidation products has been demonstrated in rats during development of adrenaline myocarditis. The maximal increase of GPx and GR activities (1.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively) was observed 24 h after the development of the pathological process; this coincided with the maximal intensity of free radical oxidation. Using combination of reverse transcriptions with real-time polymerase chain reaction the cardiac mRNA levels of genes encoding GPx and GR were determined 24 h after the development of adrenaline myocarditis in rats. Analysis of expression of GPx and GR genes revealed a 2.8- and 7.3-fold increase of their transcripts in rats with adrenaline myocarditis, respectively. Obviously, overexpression of these enzymes can increase cardiomyocite resistance to oxidative stress.

Modulating Effect of Interleukin-4 on Free Radical Processes in the Brain of Rats during Emotional Stress

We studied the effect of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 on the intensity of free radical processes in emotiogenic brain structures (hypothalamus, sensorimotor cortex, and amygdala) in rats with different prognostic emotional resistance. One-hour immobilization of animals with simultaneous electrocutaneous stimulation was used as a model of acute stress. The stress was accompanied by accumulation of MDA (LPO end-product) in the sensorimotor cortex and amygdala of passive rats. Intraperitoneal administration of IL-4 (5 μg/kg) increased MDA content in the amygdala and hypothalamus of non-stressed rats with different behavioral activity. In the sensorimotor cortex of passive and, especially, active rats, a decrease in MDA level was observed after injection of this cytokine. Preliminary administration of IL-4 prevented LPO activation in the sensorimotor cortex of behaviorally passive animals observed after stress against the background of saline injection. Regional peculiarities of LPO under the influence of this cytokine can be determined by differences in both biochemical processes in the brain tissue and specific involvement of different emotiogenic structures in the formation of the stress response. The revealed differences in the effects of IL-4 on free radical processes in active and passive rats indicate peculiarities of immune mechanisms in animals with different resistance to the same type of stress.

Effect of Hypoxic Preconditioning on Free Radical Processes in Tissues of Rats with Different Resistance to Hypoxia

We studied the effect of single hypoxic preconditioning exposure (hypobaric hypoxia, 5000 m, 60 min) on free radical processes, glutathione system, and antioxidant defense enzymes in tissues of rats with different resistance to acute hypoxia. The intensity of free radical processes was shown to increase or decrease on day 1 after hypoxic preconditioning. These changes were tissue-specific and opposite in animals with genetically determined differences in the resistance to hypoxia. Hypoxic preconditioning contributes to the immediate resistance. The effect was more pronounced in low resistant animals, who did not exhibit signs of oxidative stress in tissues during the early posthypoxic period. By contrast, hypoxic preconditioning was followed by activation of free radical processes in tissues of highly resistant animals. These rats were characterized by low ability for the development of immediate resistance. Activation of free radical processes in the early period of adaptation (first hours after hypoxic preconditioning) does not play a role in the induction of immediate adaptive mechanisms for hypoxia.

Nutritional supplement attenuates selected oxidative stress markers in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis

Our aim was to test the hypothesis that nutritional supplement (AquADEKs; Axcan Scandipharm Inc., Birmingham, Ala, USA) with various pharmaceutical forms of such as chewable tablets, capsules, and liquid administered daily for 12 weeks would reduce oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant status in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A total of 50 patients with CF and 21 healthy children were included in the study. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group A received supplementation with vitamins A (3 mg daily), E (200 mg daily), and D(3) (20 μg daily); group B was supplemented with AquADEKs chewable tablets; group C received the recommended amount of AquADEKs capsules; and group D was supplemented with AquADEKs liquid. The level of oxidative stress was determined by the analysis of activities of enzymes neutralizing reactive oxygen species and by the estimated markers of intensity of free radical processes. There was no difference in the activity of erythrocyte catalase, hydroperoxides level, and sulfhydryl group content in blood plasma between patients with CF and healthy children. The plasma total antioxidant status was decreased in all CF groups compared with the control. The supplementation with either AquADEKs chewable tablets or capsules normalized the malondialdehyde level in plasma. AquADEKs in various pharmaceutical forms normalized the sulfhydryl group content of erythrocytes. The superoxide dismutase activity was increased to near control level in the patients supplemented with either AquADEKs chewable tablets or liquid as compared with the group supplemented with vitamins or with AquADEKs capsules. In conclusion, AquADEKs attenuates selected oxidative stress markers in pediatric patients with CF.

Impact of the water treated with silevit on the indices of peripheral blood of irradiated animals

We have investigated the impact of the water treated with silevit on oxidative homeostasis and the composition of peripheral blood of mice irradiated at a dose of 1.0 Gy. It has been found that the course consumption by animals of water modified with silevit results in a decrease of the intensity of free-radical processes in peripheral blood and the change of its cellular composition.

The antioxidant status of patients with thyrotoxicosis during combined therapy with epifamin

The aim of this study was to investigate intensity of free radical processes and catalase activity in serum of patients with thyrotoxicosis during traditional therapy and combined therapy with epifamin. Patients (n = 25) were subdivided into two groups: the first group of patients (n = 12) received traditional therapy (antithyroid drugs, β-adrenoblockers, and the second group of patients (n = 13) received additionally epifamin (1 tablet of 10 mg 3 times a day, 10–15 minutes before meal for 7 days). The thyrotoxic patients were characterized by intensification of free radical oxidation evaluated in blood serum by biochemiluminescence parameters. During the combined therapy with epifamin there was less expressed intensity of free-radical processes and the increase in total antioxidant activity of the body, which was not observed during traditional therapy. The standard therapy of thyrotoxicosis by thyrostatics and β-adrenoblockers decreased catalase activity and thus exhibited a negative effect on the antioxidant status of the body. On the contrary, combined therapy with epifamin increased catalase activity and this could positively influence the antioxidant protection of the body.

Intensity of free radical processes in the leaves of arboreal plants under act of industrial dust borne extracts

The influence of industrial pollutants on the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the assimilatory organs of arboreal plant was investigated. The differential changes of the probed indexes are set depending on the species. Information is got can testify to participation of lipid peroxidation products in forming of reactions-answers of arboreal plants on influence of industrial dust borne extract with content of heavy metals. Determination of level and rates of accumulation of Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd, in the leaves of arboreal plants in the conditions of different contamination level allowed to take species to two groups. To the first (phytoextraction potential exceeds a base-line level in 10 times) belong Populus bolleana Lauche, P. italica (Du Roi) Moench, Picea pungens Engelm and Sorbus aucuparia L. To the second (exceeds a base-line level from 5 to 10 times) belong Acer negundo L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Betula pendula Roth and Tilia cordata Mill. The most substantial increase of peroxidation secondary product content (more than in 2.5 times) is peculiar for B. pendula, A. hippocastanum and P. pungens Engelm., that well conforms to the rates of heavy metals translocation, it has however species-specific character.

Influence of desloratadine on selected oxidative stress markers in patients between 3 and 10 years of age with allergic perennial rhinitis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the selected oxidative stress parameters in 50 (35 males, 15 females) pediatric patients aged from 3 to 10 years diagnosed with perennial allergic rhinitis before and after the two-month treatment with desloratadine at the dose of 5 mg/day and in 11 healthy individuals. Oxidative stress was determined by the analysis of the reactive oxygen species neutralizing enzyme activity in erythrocytes superoxide dismutase and catalase, the estimation of free radical processes intensity: content of malondialdehyde in erythrocytes and the level of plasma hydroperoxides as well as by quantification of the plasma total antioxidant status. Changes in the studied parameters in untreated perennial allergic rhinitis patients indicate increased oxidative stress. The treatment with desloratadine normalized the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity as well as the malondialdehyde formation. The plasma hydroperoxides level in treated patients with perennial allergic rhinitis is reduced as compared with untreated subjects, although still higher than in the control. Desloratadine caused an increase in the total antioxidant status level, but it was not statistically significant. It can be concluded that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of perennial allergic rhinitis. The results demonstrate that desloratadine exerts antioxidant effects in vivo.

The antioxidant status at patients with a thyreotoxicosis syndrome at the combined therapy with epifamin

The work purpose was research of degree of free-radical processes intensity and catalase activity in blood serum of patients with a thyreotoxicosis syndrome at traditional treatment and the combined therapy with epifamin. Patients (n=25) have been divided into 2 groups: the first group of patients - 12 persons who are on traditional treatment (antithyreoid drugs, β-adrenoblockers); the second group - 13 persons, are padding to basic therapy received epifamin on 1 tablet (10 mg) 3 times a day 10-15 minutes prior to meal within 7 days. Patients with thyreotoxicosis syndrome had an intensification of free-radical oxidation that was traced at measurement of biochemiluminescence parameters in blood serum. At the combined therapy with epifamin less expressed intensity of free-radical processes, and also increasing of the general antioxidant activity of an organism that did not descend at traditional treatment was observed. At carrying out of standard therapy of thyreotoxicosis syndrome, including application of antithyreoid drugs and β-adrenoblockers, catalase activity decreased, that unfavorable affected antioxidant potential of an organism. At the combined therapy with epifamin level of catalase activity, on the contrary, increased, that could influence positively on antioxidant protection of an organism.

Effects of biguanides on oxidative status of rat tissues after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

We studied the effects of synthetic biguanide derivatives on the intensity of free-radical processes and catalase activity in rat tissues after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We found that administration of phenylethyl-biguanide or (2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)biguanide in this pathology decreased the lactate/pyruvate ratio, an index of cell metabolism impairment, as compared to this index in rats with pathology. In the brain of rats and their blood serum, we observed a decrease in biochemiluminescence parameters, which was enhanced after ischemia/reperfusion and reflected the intensity of free radical processes. We also found a decrease in the mobilization rate of the antioxidant system as compared to the rate observed after pathology. These data show that the biguanide derivatives studied had antioxidant and protective properties in ischemic brain damage accompanied by oxidative stress.

Free-radical processes and the antioxidant system in the realization of the recovery function of sleep

The somnological status of test subjects was assessed. The content of malonic dialdehyde, total peroxidase activity, and concentration of uric acid, urea, and total protein in the saliva of students with insomnia and age-matched (20- to 23-year-old) healthy students were determined during everyday studies and summer exams. It was found that emotional (examination) stress intensifies free-radical processes and leads to a compensatory increase in the activity of the nonenzymatic antioxidant system in the saliva of students. Insomnia is accompanied by an increased level of free-radical processes and increased total protein content in the saliva of test subjects. The recovery anabolic function of sleep is realized via activation of protein synthesis and involvement of low-molecular-weight nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds (uric acid and urea) in the defensive responses of the body under conditions of a significant increase in the intensity of free-radical processes during examination stress combined with insomnia.

Changes in metabolic processes in humans during a 120-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia

The activities of organ- and tissue-specific diagnostically significant enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and prostatic acid phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, choline esterase, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, oxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and creatin phosphokinase (muscular and cardiac isoenzymes), as well as the concentrations of total cholesterol and the cholesterol of high- and low-density lipoproteins, the ratios of their concentrations, and the level of triglycerides, were studied during an experiment with 120-day antiorthostatic (−7°) hypokinesia (ANOH) in the blood of six volunteers (men, 21 to 36 years old). In addition, the indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant activity were determined, including the concentrations of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, Schiff bases and tocopherol, and the total antioxidant activity. It was found that a 120-day ANOH in this experiment did not result in the formation of deep metabolic shifts accompanied by unfavorable changes in organs and tissues. The changes in cholesterol metabolism during hypokinesia were expressed in the redistribution of cholesterol fractions with the dominance of atherogenic forms and a higher risk of atherogenesis. All of the observed metabolic changes were easily reversible and eliminated during the first month of the recovery period. No signs of a higher intensity of free-radical processes were observed during any of the examination periods due to activation of the antioxidant defense system.

The effect of melatonin on free radical homeostasis in rat tissues at thyrotoxicosis

Experimental thyrotoxicosis in rats is accompanied by the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT), creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) activities and the content of primary products of lipid peroxidation, conjugated dienes, in liver, heart and blood. This suggests impairments in functioning of these organs, which accompany intensification of free radical processes. Melatonin administration resulted in the decrease of AlAT, AsAT, CPK-MB and conjugated dienes; this indicates positive effect of melatonin in this pathology. Thyrotoxicosis is accompanied by the increase of catalase activity in rat liver, heart and serum. Exogenous melatonin decreased specific activity of serum and heart catalase by 22 and 43%, respectively, compared with rats subjected to hyperthyroidism. However, there was insignificant increase in specific activity of liver catalase (by ∼15%). Melatonin administration caused a decrease of α-tocopherol content increased in rat tissues under conditions of hyperthyroidism. Thus, exogenous melatonin is capable to reduce intensity of lipid peroxidation in hyperthyroidism and to act as an adaptogen, regulating free radical homeostasis in response to action of pathogenic factors on organism that is associated by concomitant reduction of mobilization of components of the antioxidant system.

Redox status of rats during treatment by ozonated saline according to different protocols

Repeated daily injections of ozonated saline to intact rats significantly modified their redox status. Intensification of free-radical processes paralleled by suppression of the antioxidant system creates prerequisites for failure of adaptation and compensation mechanisms of homeostasis.