Back Pain Intensity Research Articles

The Effect of a Combination of Effleurage Massage and Lavender Aromatherapy on Back Pain in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women

Every pregnant woman experiences different psychological and physiological changes in each quarter. Discomfort that occurs in the third trimester includes back pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of a combination of effleurage massage and lavender aromatherapy on back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. This study is a quantitative study with a one-group pretest-posttest design without control using a purposive random sampling technique. The research was conducted in February-April 2023 with 30 pregnant women as respondents. Data collection techniques using observation sheets. Using univariate and bivariate analysis methods. The results of the study showed that there were differences in the intensity of back pain before and after the intervention, p<0.05. The combination of effleurage massage and lavender aromatherapy can significantly reduce back pain in third-trimester pregnant women.

Effect of Aerobic Walking on Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Mechanical Chronic Low Back Pain in Office Workers at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya

Background: Sedentary behavior is a common risk factor for mechanical chronic low back pain. Functional capacity and serum vitamin D levels are associated with low back pain intensity. The aim to analyze the effect of aerobic exercise walking on maximal oxygen consumption and serum vitamin D levels in patients with mechanical chronic low back pain. Method: true experimental with pre and post-test randomized control group design. Each group consisted of 16 respondents. The treatment group received additional aerobic exercise walking 3x/week, intensity 40-50% HRR (weeks 1-3), 50-60% HRR (weeks 4-6) and 60-80% HRR (weeks 7-8), 30 minutes per session for 8 weeks. The control group only received conventional training 3x/week for 8 weeks. The parameters evaluated were VO2 max and 25(OH)D. Measurements were taken before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Results: The VO2 max values of both groups increased with a significant difference after the intervention (p < 0.001) and there was a difference in the difference (p < 0.001). 25(OH)D levels in both groups increased with no significant difference after the intervention (p = 0.720) and no significant difference in the difference after the intervention (p = 0.662) Conclusion: There is a difference in the addition of walking aerobic exercise to conventional exercise compared to conventional exercise alone on maximal oxygen consumption, but there is no difference on serum vitamin D levels in mechanical chronic low back pain patients.

The one-week prevalence of neck pain and low back pain in post-secondary students at two Canadian institutions

BackgroundLow back and neck pain are common in the general population, but the prevalence among Canadian post-secondary students is not well known. We aimed to determine the one-week prevalence of neck pain (NP) and low back pain (LBP) among postsecondary students in Canada.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of students enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences and Faculty of Education at Ontario Tech University, and the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) in the Fall of 2017. Neck and low back pain intensity in the past week were measured with the 11-point numerical rating scale. We report the cumulative, gender- and institution-specific one-week prevalence (95% CI) of any pain (1–10/10) and moderate to severe pain (≥ 3/10).ResultsThe one-week prevalence of any neck pain ranged from 45.4% (95% CI: 38.4, 52.4) in the Faculty of Education to 76.9% (95% CI: 72.9, 80.4) at CMCC. The one-week prevalence of neck pain ≥3/10 ranged from 44.4% (95% CI: 37.5, 51.4) in the Faculty of Education to 58.4% (95% CI: 54.0, 62.7) at CMCC. The one-week prevalence of any low back pain ranged from 60.9% (95% CI: 53.8, 67.5) in the Faculty of Education to 69.0% (95% CI: 64.8, 73.0) at CMCC, and the one-week prevalence of low back pain ≥ 3/10 ranged from 47.8% (95% CI: 43.4, 52.2) at CMCC to 55.1% (95% CI: 51.2, 58.9) in the Faculty of Health Sciences. The prevalence of any back or neck pain and pain ≥ 3/10 was consistently higher in females than males, with the largest difference seen for neck pain at CMCC.ConclusionMost post-secondary students in our samples experienced LBP and NP in the past week. Overall, the one-week prevalence of NP and LBP was higher among chiropractic students and among females. This study should draw attention to school administrators about the burden of NP and LBP in post-secondary students.

Low back pain, ultrasonographic muscle thickness measurements and biopsychosocial factors at different trimesters of pregnancy

BackgroundPregnancy-related low back pain is a multifactorial problem and its assosiation with pain intensity and biopsycosocial factors can not be fully explained. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial as well as biological/physical risk factors associated with self-reported low back pain (LBP) intensity during different trimesters of pregnancy. MethodsThis cross-sectional study comprised 107 pregnant women. An introductory information form for physical and medical characteristics, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for low back pain intensity and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for degree of loss of functionality, Short Form-36 (SF-36) for quality of life and Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) for physical activity were applied. Abdominal muscle thicknesses and diastasis recti were measured by ultrasonography. Univariate regression was used to analyse associations between each plausible independent variable and low back pain intensity. ResultsMean LBP intensity during 1st, 2nd ve 3rd trimesters were 26.8 ± 20.9, 27.3 ± 19.8, 21.6 ± 20.1 mm, respectively. ODI scores were associated with LBP intensity, explaining 11%, 13% and 26% of LBP severity during the 1st, 2nd ve 3rd trimesters, respectively. Other biological/physical variables like age, body mass index, muscle thickness and diastasis recti were not associated with pain intensity. SF-36 emotional role limitation (coef = −0.03, R2 = 0.20, p = 0.01) in the 3rd trimester and SF-36 pain score in the 1st (coef = −0.04, R2 = 0.12, p = 0.02) and 3rd (coef = −0.05, R2 = 0.26, p = 0.004) trimesters and PPAQ-sedentary was associated during the 2nd trimester (coef = 0.17, R2 = 0.17, p = 0.02) with pain intensity. ConclusionODI scores were associated with LBP intensity in all three trimesters, with SF-36 pain domain in the 1st and 3rd trimesters, with SF-36 emotional role limitation only in the 3rd trimester and with sedentary activity level only in the 2nd trimester. İncreased pain intensity was surprisingly associated with a small number of biopsychosocial factors in all the trimesters. There is need for further large-sample studies.

High-intensity laser therapy in low back pain management: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Low back pain (LBP) is a widespread health issue affecting people globally and is the second leading cause of missed workdays. High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) promises to decrease pain intensity in LBP patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of HILT in adult LBP patients. We searched for randomized controlled studies (RCTs) published before January of 2023. Our primary outcome was pain intensity, while our secondary outcomes included disability and flexibility scores. We synthesized the evidence using RevMan v.5.4 and assessed methodological quality with the Oxford/Jadad scale and the Cochrane collaboration's risk of bias tool 1. The model favors the HILT group over the control group in terms of pain intensity after treatment (MD with 95% CI is -1.65 [-2.22, -1.09], p-value < 0.00001, I2=67%), Oswestry disability index (MD with 95% CI is -0.67 [-1.22, -0.12], p-value = 0.02, I2=73%), and Roland disability index (MD with 95% CI is -1.36 [-1.76, -0.96], p-value <0.00001, I2=0%). The patients in the high-intensity laser therapy had statistically significantly lower (low back) pain intensity compared to the patients in the control group. Based on three RCTs, our model also showed the positive effect of the HILT on LBP in terms of the Oswestry disability index and Roland disability index.

Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain in warehouse workers: A cross-sectional study.

Low back pain is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that leads to functional incapacity and absence from work. To analyze warehouse workers' prevalence and factors associated with low back pain. Cross-sectional study design with 204 male warehouse workers (stocker, separator, checker, and packer) from motor parts companies. Age, body mass, marital status, education, the practice of physical exercise, presence of pain, low back pain intensity, comorbidities, time away from work, handgrip strength, flexibility, and trunk muscle strength were collected and analyzed. Data are presented as mean, standard deviation, absolute and relative frequency. A binary logistic regression was performed, with low back pain (yes or no) as the dependent variable. 24.0% of the workers reported low back pain with an average intensity of 4.7 (± 2.4) points. The participants were young, had completed high school education, were single and married, and had normal body weight. There was a more likely low back pain presence in separator tasks. Greater handgrip strength in the dominant (right) hand and trunk muscle is associated with no low back pain. Low back pain prevalence was 24% among young warehouse workers, more likely in separation tasks. A greater handgrip and trunk strength can be a protective factor to no low back pain.

The Effect of Pelvic Rocking on Back Pain Intensity in Third Trimester Pregnant Women

Pregnancy is a physiological process. The most common complaint at the end of the trimester is lower back pain. These complaints will increase in the final trimester of pregnancy, resulting in disrupted daily routine. Various reports state that in pregnant women it is recorded that about 50% of women experience back pain and about 10% of women with chronic back pain begin during pregnancy. Lower back pain is experienced a lot when entering the 6th month of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to prove that hip rocking has an effect on the intensity of back pain in the third trimester of pregnant women. The research design was a quasi-experiment with one group pretest-postest design. The sample in this study were 21 respondents of third trimester pregnant women. Observation sheet research instrument. The results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed ranking statistical test. The results showed that pelvic sway was able to significantly reduce the intensity of back pain in third trimester pregnant women. Therefore, third trimester pregnant women can be given hip rocking therapy as an alternative to non-pharmacological interventions to reduce back pain during pregnancy.

Literatur Review: Effectiveness of Back Massage Therapy on Reducing Pain Intensity in Elderly with Low Back Pain

Low back pain is one of the musculoskeletal disorders due to poor activities that cause pain that is often suffered by the elderly. Back pain is a structure originating from the spine, namely in the spinal area (lower back), muscles, nerves or others around the area. Usually accompanied by radiating from the feet and legs. One of the efforts to reduce the intensity is by doing a back massage. Massage stimulation can release the body to release endorphins which are natural pain relievers and generate nerve fibers that close the synaptic gate so that impulses to the spinal cord and brain are inhibited. this study was to determine the effectiveness of back massage therapy on reducing the intensity of low back pain in the elderly. used in this final report is a literature review by reviewing 2 international articles and 8 national articles, the data collection process uses the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review and Meta Analysis) method and performs data analysis using Thematic Analysis with doing the stages of comparing, contrasting, and criticizing, got the results that, 10 journal articles that the author took for literature review research. back massage therapy can reduce back pain in the elderly. The results of the review showed that 10 articles demonstrated a reduction in back intensity. Lower back pain has decreased due to touch as a stimulus to relax, then a relaxation response will appear in the back area so that you can rest in peace and the level of pain felt has decreased.

Lumbar multifidus muscle morphology is associated with low back-related pain duration, disability, and leg pain: A cross-sectional study in secondary care.

Systematic reviews and studies exploring associations between morphologic change of paraspinal muscles and low back pain or related outcomes such as disability, radiculopathy, and physical workload, have reported conflicting results. This study explores the associations between lumbar multifidus muscle quality and clinical outcomes relating to low back pain. Cross-sectional study of spinal clinic outpatients presenting with a primary complaint of low back and/or leg symptoms. Univariable and multivariable regression models were used to investigate associations between MRI-based multifidus muscle cross-sectional area at L4 and L5 and clinical outcomes for low back pain, leg pain, disability, restricted motion, and strenuous nature of work. Results were reported with β-coefficients, odds ratios (OR), or incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals, based on a 10% difference in muscle quality for each clinical variable. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. 875 patients [487 females; mean (SD) age: 43.6 (10.2) years] were included. In the multivariable analyses, muscle quality was significantly associated with disability (0-23 scale) [β: -0.74, 95% CI: -1.14, -0.34], leg pain intensity (0-10 scale) [β: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.46, -0.03], and current pain duration of more than 12 months [OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.55]. No associations were found for low back pain intensity, morning stiffness, painful active range of motion, or work nature. Patients with higher lumbar multifidus muscle quality reported lower levels of low back pain-related disability and leg pain intensity, indicating that muscle quality may play a role in the etiology of lumbar spine disorders. However, the clinical importance of these associations is uncertain due to the low magnitude of identified associations. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the effect of lumbar multifidus muscle quality on lumbar-related pain and disability.

A single group trial (before - after) on impact of physiotherapeutic intervention package on relief from low back pain of pregnant women.

More than half of the women have low back pain (LBP) at some point during pregnancy; the intensity of back pain increases as the pregnancy progresses. Such changes increase their risk for musculoskeletal disorders and fall injuries. Our study's objective was to estimate the prevalence of LBP in antenatal and postnatal cases of pregnancy in PGIMER, Chandigarh and to ascertain impact of a training intervention on incidence and severity of LBP in the study subjects. A single group trial (before and after) on impact of physiotherapeutic intervention package on relief from LBP in pregnant women in between 20 and 35 years of age group were selected. The study duration was one year. The numeric pain rating scale was taken for measuring pain intensity at different levels. Where 0 indicates no pain, 1-3 indicates mild pain (which may be nagging, annoying, and interfering little with activities of daily livings (ADLs)), 4-6 indicates moderate pain (interferes significant with ADLs), and 7-10 indicates severe pain (Disabling, unable to perform ADLs). As per available time, it was decided to include at least 30 subjects in the study. Initially 45 patients were enrolled. Of those, 30 patients were suffering from backache, that is, 67% of the total and 33% did not have any backache. There were no backaches reported in the first trimester, five cases were in the second trimester, and 18 cases were in the third trimester. Of 30 patients, 11 were less than 25 years of age and remaining 19 patients were in the age group of 26-35 years.

PENATALAKSANAAN ENDORPHINE MASSAGE UNTUK PENURUNAN INTENSITAS NYERI PUNGGUNG IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III

Trimester III pregnancy is a pregnancy that begins at week -28 to week -40. Back pain based on complaints in the third trimester reaches 60% to 80% in Indonesia. Pregnant women experience back pain, caused by the shoulders being pulled back and the spine becoming bent, joints becoming more flexible, and can cause back pain. The aim of this care is to apply endorphine massage management to reduce the intensity of back pain in third trimester pregnant women. This care was carried out at the Karanganyar Health Center in March-May 2023, for 5 third trimester pregnant women respondents. This endorphine massage uses baby oil after that, set the patient's position as comfortable as possible, the massage starts from the head in a circular motion, goes down to the back like pedaling a bicycle with the patient in a sitting or lying position, then goes down to the hands, the upper and lower arms, then the right fingers. and the left is the same, then the massage is done in the calf area of ​​the leg. Endorphine massage is done 1 time in 30 minutes. Based on the results of the care of 5 respondents before the massage, the average pain scale was 5.6 and after the massage was 3.6, so that the average decrease in pain scale was 2. The conclusion that this endorphine massage can reduce the intensity of back pain in third trimester pregnant women

The process and outcomes of chronic low back pain treatment provided by osteopathic and allopathic physicians: a retrospective cohort study.

Osteopathic physicians are trained to treat patients with musculoskeletal symptoms, to treat somatic dysfunction with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), and to avoid unnecessarily prescribing drugs such as opioids. It is also generally believed that osteopathic physicians provide a unique patient-centered approach to medical care that involves effective communication and empathy. Such training and characteristics of osteopathic medical care (OMC) may enhance clinical outcomes among patients with chronic pain. The objectives of this study were to measure and compare the process and longitudinal outcomes of chronic low back pain (CLBP) treatment provided by osteopathic and allopathic physicians and to identify mediators of the treatment effects of OMC. This retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing adult participants with CLBP within the Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation (PRECISION) from April 2016 through December 2022. Participants having an osteopathic or allopathic physician for at least 1month prior to registry enrollment were included and followed at quarterly intervals for up to 12months. Physician communication and physician empathy were measured at registry enrollment. Opioid prescribing and effectiveness and safety outcomes were measured at registry enrollment and for up to 12months and were analyzed with generalized estimating equations to compare participants treated by osteopathic vs. allopathic physicians. Multiple mediator models, including physician communication, physician empathy, opioid prescribing, and OMT, with covariate adjustments, were utilized to identify mediators of OMC treatment effects. A total of 1,079 participants and 4,779 registry encounters were studied. The mean (SD) age of participants at enrollment was 52.9 (13.2) years, 796 (73.8 %) were female, and 167 (15.5 %) reported having an osteopathic physician. The mean physician communication score for osteopathic physicians was 71.2 (95 % CI, 67.6-74.7) vs. 66.2 (95 % CI, 64.8-67.7) for allopathic physicians (p=0.01). The respective mean scores for physician empathy were 41.6 (95 % CI, 39.9-43.2) vs. 38.3 (95 % CI, 37.6-39.1) (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in opioid prescribing for low back pain between osteopathic and allopathic physicians. Although participants treated by osteopathic physicians reported less severe nausea and vomiting as adverse events potentially attributable to opioids in a multivariable model, neither result was clinically relevant. OMC was associated with statistically significant and clinically relevant outcomes pertaining to low back pain intensity, physical function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over 12months. Physician empathy was a significant mediator of OMC treatment effects in each of the three outcome domains; however, physician communication, opioid prescribing, and OMT were not mediators. The study findings indicate that osteopathic physicians provide a patient-centered approach to CLBP treatment, particularly involving empathy, that yields significant and clinically relevant outcomes pertaining to low back pain intensity, physical function, and HRQOL over 12months of follow-up.

The Effect of hip motion exercises (stretching) on ​​the intensity of lower back pain in the elderly

Lower back pain in the elderly will cause changes in collagen, causing a decrease in flexibility in the elderly, causing an impact in the form of pain. One of the non-pharmacological actions that can be taken to treat low back pain (LBP) in the elderly is stretching, which is a stretching technique for soft tissue with certain techniques, to reduce muscle tension physiologically so that muscles relax and increase joint range of motion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hip exercise (stretching) on the intensity of low back pain in the elderly. This type of research uses quantitative research with a pre-experimental research design using a one group pretest-posttest design. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T test. The. number of available samples was 30 samples taken by purposive sampling method. Data was collected by using observation sheets as many as 30 respondents. The results of the bivariate analysis obtained p-value 0,00 &lt;0.05, which means that there is an effect of hip movement exercises (stretching) on the intensity of low back pain in the elderly. This research is expected to add insight into the effect of stretching exercises on the intensity of low back pain in the elderly and can be useful in health services, especially at the Puskesmas and become a source of information for implementing lower hip exercise interventions (stretching) on the intensity of low back pain in the elderly. as a non-pharmacological action

Effectiveness Of Ginger Cumeris Extract With Acupressure On The Intensity Of Menstruation Pain And Low Back Pain In Primary Disminore

Pain during primary dysmenorrhea is a normal gynecological condition, but this condition is often detrimental to women who experience dysmenorrhea, including decreased quality of work, absence when experiencing primary dysmenorrhea and disruption of daily activities. One method that is safe and easy to obtain is by administering ginger and turmeric extract accompanied by acupressure to help reduce the intensity of menstrual pain and lower back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ginger turmeric extract and acupressure on the intensity of menstrual pain and low back pain in primary dysmenorrhea.&#x0D; This type of quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design carried out in the female dormitory of the Lubuk Pakam Medistra Health Institute. The sample in this study were 28 students in the first semester of the Faculty of Nursing who experienced primary dysmenorrhea using a random sample technique. In this study there were two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group. The instruments in this study were the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to measure pain during menstruation, the Qswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire to measure low back pain, and an observation sheet. Data analysis using independent and dependent t-test.&#x0D; The results showed that there were significant differences in the intensity of menstrual pain and low back pain on the first and second days between the intervention group and the control group with p H1 = 0.003 and p H2 = 0.000 (menstrual pain) and p H1&amp;2 = 0.000 (low back pain). . The percentage decrease in the intensity of menstrual pain with intervention was 66.81%, while the percentage decrease in low back pain was 35.29%.&#x0D; Giving turmeric ginger extract and acupressure therapy has been proven effective in reducing the intensity of menstrual pain and low back pain. Health workers can apply and educate this method to women who experience dysmenorrhea and can be used as learning material for pain management in midwifery education courses.&#x0D;

Predicting patient-reported outcomes following lumbar spine surgery: development and external validation of multivariable prediction models

BackgroundThis study aimed to develop and externally validate prediction models of spinal surgery outcomes based on a retrospective review of a prospective clinical database, uniquely comparing multivariate regression and random forest (machine learning) approaches, and identifying the most important predictors.MethodsOutcomes were change in back and leg pain intensity and Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) from baseline to the last available postoperative follow-up (3–24 months), defined as minimal clinically important change (MCID) and continuous change score. Eligible patients underwent lumbar spine surgery for degenerative pathology between 2011 and 2021. Data were split by surgery date into development (N = 2691) and validation (N = 1616) sets for temporal external validation. Multivariate logistic and linear regression, and random forest classification and regression models, were fit to the development data and validated on the external data.ResultsAll models demonstrated good calibration in the validation data. Discrimination ability (area under the curve) for MCID ranged from 0.63 (COMI) to 0.72 (back pain) in regression, and from 0.62 (COMI) to 0.68 (back pain) in random forests. The explained variation in continuous change scores spanned 16%-28% in linear, and 15%-25% in random forests regression. The most important predictors included age, baseline scores on the respective outcome measures, type of degenerative pathology, previous spinal surgeries, smoking status, morbidity, and duration of hospital stay.ConclusionsThe developed models appear robust and generalisable across different outcomes and modelling approaches but produced only borderline acceptable discrimination ability, suggesting the need to assess further prognostic factors. External validation showed no advantage of the random forest approach.

Impact of Sarcopenia on Percutaneous Epidural Balloon Neuroplasty in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background and Objectives: With the aging population, the incidence of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is increasing. Sarcopenia is an age-related muscular decrease. Although epidural balloon neuroplasty is effective in patients with LSS refractory to conventional treatments, its effect has not been assessed in patients with sarcopenia. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of epidural balloon neuroplasty in patients with LSS and sarcopenia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the following details from the electronic medical records: patient characteristics, including sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, stenosis grading, pain duration, location, pain intensity, and medications. Back and leg pain intensity was evaluated before and after the procedure at one, three, and six months during the follow-up period. A generalized estimating equations model was used at six months follow-up. Patients were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups using the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle at the level of L3 on magnetic resonance imaging. Results: A total of 477 patients were included (sarcopenia group: 314 patients, 65.8%; non-sarcopenia group: 163 patients, 34.2%). Age, sex, body mass index, and medication quantification scale III were statistically different between both groups. The generalized estimating equations analyses-with unadjusted and adjusted estimation-revealed a significantly reduced pain intensity after the procedure compared to the baseline in both groups. The difference in pain intensity between both groups was not statistically different. Conclusions: Percutaneous epidural balloon neuroplasty may be considered for patients with chronic lumbar LSS regardless of accompanying sarcopenia.

Motor skills at 7 years of age and spinal pain at 11 years of age: a cohort study of 26,000 preadolescents

This study aims to investigate the relationship between motor skills at age 7 and spinal pain at age 11. The study included participants from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Data on motor skills were obtained from the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, completed by the mothers when the children were 7 years old, and spinal pain was self-reported at age 11 for frequency and intensity of neck, mid back, and low back pain. This was categorized into “no,” “moderate,” or “severe” pain, based on frequency and pain intensity. Associations were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models. Data on both motor skills and spinal pain was available for 25,000 children. There was a consistent pattern of reporting more neck or mid back pain at age 11 for those with lower levels of fine motor skills and coordination scores at age 11. The relationship was significant for severe pain (the highest relative risk ratio being 1.87 and the lowest 1.18), but not for moderate pain (the highest relative risk ratio being 1.22 and the lowest 1.07). Gross motor skills were not associated with spinal pain, and there was no relationship between low back pain and motor skills. Conclusion: Our results indicate a link between motor development at 7 years of age and neck and mid back pain, but not low back pain, at 11 years of age. Improvement of motor skills in young children might reduce the future burden of neck and mid back pain and should be a target of future research.What is Known:• Spinal pain in preadolescence and adolescence is common and predisposes to spinal pain in adulthood.• Motor skills influence the biomechanics of movement and therefore has a potential impact on musculoskeletal health.What is New:• Poor fine motor- and coordination skills in childhood were associated with increased risk of severe neck- or mid back pain, but not low back pain, four 4 years later.• Poor gross motor skills were not associated with higher risk of later spinal pain.

Management Of Back Pain With Pregnancy Exercise

Back pain in pregnant women occurs due to impaired blood circulation due to enlargement and pressure of the uterus, especially in the pelvic veins when sitting and the inferior vena cava when lying down and capillary absorption. The aim is to identify scientific evidence related to the management of back pain with pregnancy exercise. The data sources used in this research are scientific journals. Data collection was carried out using thedatabases Google Scholar, Pubmed and Semantic Scholar. In conducting a search for national journals, researchers used keywords, namely, while in international journals they used the keywords back pain, pregnant women, pregnant exerciseback pain, pregnant women, pregnant exercise. Data analysis was carried out by reviewing scientific journals found on the management of back pain with pregnancy exercise. Study found that pregnancy exercise had an effect in reducing the intensity of back pain for pregnant women with the time of giving pregnant exercise during the 2 and 3 trimesters of pregnancy with an interval of at least 1 time a week. From all journals shows that pregnancy exercise has an effect on reducing the intensity of back pain in pregnant women. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that pregnancy exercise can be an alternative solution in providing midwifery care to pregnant women who experience back pain and pregnant women can carry out exercise independently.

Impact of gestational low back pain intensity on quality of life, sleep quality, functional status, anxiety and depression

Introduction: Gestational low back pain (GLBP) have impact on performance of daily life activities, although it remains uncertain the impact of pain intensity in clinical outcomes. Aims: To verify the impact and relationship of pain intensity of GLBP on quality of life (QoL), sleep quality (SQ), functional status, anxiety and depression. Methods: Pregnant women above 20 weeks of gestation completed the sample characterization form and answered five questionnaires to assess pain (Visual Analogue Scale), QoL (Medical Outcomes Short Form Health Survey–36 item), SQ (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index), functional status (Oswestry Disability Index), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Participants were divided in two groups, with GLBP (GLBP group) and without GLBP (CG). GLBP group was stratified according to pain intensity in two groups: mild pain (VAS≤3: M-GLBP) and moderate to severe pain (VAS&gt;3: MS-GLBP). Results: 75 participants were included, 75% in the GLBP (n=56, 30[27-34] years) and 25% in CG (n=19, 32[30-34] years). GLBP presents worse QoL, SQ, functional status, anxiety and depression (p&lt;0.05). MS-GLBP (n=32) had worse SQ (p=0.006), functional status (p&lt;0.0001), anxiety and depression (p&lt;0.05) compared to CG and present worse QoL (p&lt;0.05) compared to M-GLBP (n=24). M-GLBP has worse functional status compared to CG (p&lt;0.001). Pain intensity is moderately correlated to functional status (r=0.56; p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: Women with moderate to severe GLBP presented worse QoL, SQ, functional status, increased depression and anxiety compared to CG, even mild GLBP have impact on functional status and pain intensity have moderate correlation with functional status.

Relationships between the quality of life and the intensity of pain and functional efficiency in women and men with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine

Introduction. Back pain is a serious medical and social problem. The aim of this study was relationships between the quality of life and the intensity of pain and functional efficiency in women and men with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine. Material and methods. The study involved 53 women and 52 men, who, due to chronic pain in the lumbar spine due to degenerative changes, were qualified for therapy at the Local Government Health Center in Miedziana Gora. The research tool was NRS scale, Oswestry Distability Index ODI and shortened version of the survey WHOQOL-BREF. The collected research results were analysed with the use of Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation. Results. Statistically significant differences in the values of the ODI questionnaire relating to the category "care" (p = 0.046) were found. In men, statistically significant negative associations between body build and the WHOQOL-BREF survey values concerning the somatic (p = 0.012), psychological (p = 0.007) and social (p = 0.022) domains were found. Statistically significant positive associations between the intensity of pain and functional capacity according to the ODI were found in both sexes (p &lt; 0.001). Statistically significant negative relationships between the NRS value and the psychological domain were noted in women (p = 0.023), and with the somatic (p &lt; 0.001), psychological (p = 0.006), socjal (p = 0.013) and environmental (p &lt; 0.001) domain in men. Wnioski. In terms of functional efficiency, men with back pain caused by degenerative changes are characterized by greater limitations in terms of activities related to care. In men, the increase in BMI is accompanied by a decrease in the quality of life in the somatic, psychological and social domains. In both sexes, the increase in the intensity of back pain affects the deterioration of functional efficiency. In women, the increase in the intensity of pain was associated with a decrease in the quality of life in the psychological domain, and in men in the somatic, psychological, social and environmental domains.