Intense Inflammatory Infiltrate Research Articles

A-289 Multiple Gastric Polyps as an Unusual Presentation of Syphilitic Gastritis

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum and can clinically progress through four different stages. Syphilitic gastritis is one of the rare manifestations of the disease, harboring the potential to mimic several types of unrelated disorders such as malignant lymphomas, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, auto-immune gastritis and refractory Helicobacter pylori infection. The classics symptoms are weight loss, abdominal pain, and gastroparesis, nausea, vomiting and hematemesis. The most common endoscopic finding is gastric ulcers. The rising trends of syphilis in the last decade, detected in both developing and developed countries, calls for continued efforts for case detection on rare syphilis manifestations. Methods A 35-year-old male patient was submitted to gastric biopsy due to endoscopic findings of multiple polyps in the corpus and antrum of stomach. The material was processed and analyzed in a pathology laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Results The specimens exhibited intense inflammatory lympho-histiocytic infiltrate, rich in plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils affecting the gastric mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining revealed spiral-shaped bacteria consistent with T. pallidum affecting the gastric mucosa surface, adjacent to vessels, and permeating glands. Conclusions This case report has the goal of showing the occurrence of syphilitic gastritis, an uncommon extracutaneous manifestation of T. pallidum infection with the potential to mimic other etiologies. Due to the rarity of syphilitic gastritis and its non-specific symptoms, a combination of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings is necessary to secure diagnosis of syphilitic gastritis. The advent of immunohistochemistry for T. pallidum has facilitated microscopic diagnosis, as special stains such as Warthin-Starry can still pose interpretation challenges.

Influence of melatonin supplementation on tissue response of endodontic sealers in Wistar rats.

This study evaluated the influence of melatonin supplementation on tissue's response of endodontic sealers in Wistar rats. Forty-eight rats received subcutaneous implants of four polyethylene tubes: one empty (control) and three filled with endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Endofill and Sealapex). Half of the animals were supplemented with melatonin (ME) and the remaining treated with water (WA) for 15days before the implantation until euthanasia, forming the groups: control-WA, AH Plus-WA, Endofill-WA, Sealapex-WA, Control-ME, AH Plus-ME, Endofill-ME and Sealapex-ME. After 5, 15 and 30days, (n = 8) tubes were removed and evaluated in H&E., immunohistochemistry, PSR, VK and POL. The results were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). In animals treated with water, Endofill-WA evoked more intense inflammatory infiltrate compared to AH Plus-WA and Control-WA in a 30-day period (p < 0.05). In animals supplemented with melatonin, there was any difference among endodontic sealers' response in any period of analysis (p > 0.05). Comparing the individual response of each sealer, over a 30-day period, Endofill-ME and Sealapex-ME showed less inflammatory infiltrate compared to Endofill-WA and Sealapex-WA, respectively (p < 0.05). Immunostaining for IL-6 and TNF-α was less intense for all groups in animals supplemented with melatonin, in most periods, except for the Endofill sealer (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Endofill-ME at 5days and AH-Plus-ME at 30days showed a higher percentage of mature collagen fibers compared to the Endofill-WA and AH Plus-WA, respectively (p < 0.05). Positive structures for von Kossa staining and birefringent to polarized light were observed only for Sealapex-WA and Sealapex-ME in all periods. It can be concluded that melatonin influences the tissue response to endodontic sealers, modulating the inflammatory and reparative process.

Biopreparation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles mediated by Calendula officinalis flower extract for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

This study investigates the an eco-friendly synthesis for the production of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) by employing the water-soluble flower extract of Calendula officinalis as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The green produced TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis were characterized using different advanced analytical techniques, including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS-elemental mapping, XRD, ICP-OES and TEM. It represents the TiO2 NPs were found to be spherical in shape and well distributed without agglomeration. It also revealed the particle sizes were in the range of 30–50 nm. EDX represented the Ti atomic species along with C and O are seen to be well-dispersed in a homogeneous manner. The broad absorption band appeared at 3200–3450 cm−1 assigned to OH bond stretching belong to the adsorbed water over the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Further, newly synthesized TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis are used as a nanocatalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). A UV–Vis spectrophotometer is employed to track the effectiveness of the reduction process. Recyclability in 8 further degradation cycles is used to assess the sustainability of this catalyst, and the results show a steady and notable degradation activity. After a week of daily treatment, the allergic conjunctivitis clinical scores in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were evaluated. The guinea pigs were sensitized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin and then subjected to topical conjunctival challenge. Different doses of TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis (20 and 100 µg/kg), prednisolone (30 mg/kg), chlorpheniramine (10 mg/kg), or PBS (10 mL/kg) were administered. The levels of serum Immunoglobulins were measured by ELISA. It was observed that the levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE notably decreased. Notably, the treatment with TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis at both doses led to a notably lower clinical score for allergic conjunctivitis. Furthermore, the TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis-treated guinea pigs conjunctival tissue showed mild mononuclear infiltration compared with the intense conjunctival tissue inflammatory infiltration observed in the PBS-treated group. These data suggest that TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis may have clinical efficacy in alleviating allergic conjunctivitis.

Histopathological findings and diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, confirmed by PCR, in an endemic region of Brazil.

Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is difficult, and the correct use of histopathological criteria can be useful in clinical practice. The present study evaluates the association between histopathological findings and the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinically suspected cases of CL. Skin samples were received in a laboratory from an endemic region of Brazil for over nine years. Associations were analyzed by means of the Chi square test with a 5% level of significance. Of the 222 examined samples, 190 (85.6%) tested positive by PCR. All 25 cases identified by microscopic examination also tested positive by PCR. Except for the more intense inflammatory infiltrate, all other evaluated histological variables (ulceration, epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, presence of granuloma, neutrophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, and necrosis) were not significantly associated with PCR positivity. The intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate is a good indicator of the occurrence of CL. Histopathological aspects are useful to increase the predictive values of CL diagnoses, but PCR is still necessary to confirm or exclude the disease.

Increase Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in apical periodontitis of rats with chronic liver disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of liver fibrosis (LF) on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 in apical periodontitis (AP) in Wistar rats. Forty Wistar rats were allocated in the following groups (n = 10): C-control; AP-apical periodontitis; LF-liver fibrosis; AP + LF-rats with AP and LF. LF and AP were induced by established methodologies. Histological, bacteriological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed according to pre-established scores. For comparisons between AP and AP + LF groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used (P < .05). The livers of the LF and AP + LF groups showed generalized portal inflammatory infiltrate and collagen fibers confirming the presence of LF. Histopathological analysis in the maxilla of the AP + LF group showed areas of necrosis comprising the entire dental pulp and periapical tissue surrounded by a more intense inflammatory infiltrate than observed in the AP group (P = 0.032). A significant number of specimens in the AP + LF group showed microorganisms beyond the apical foramen adhered to the extraradicular biofilm, demonstrating greater invasion compared to the AP group (P = .008). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a large number of cells immunoreactive for TLR2 and TLR4 in the AP + LF group, compared to the AP group (P < 0.05). Liver fibrosis favors the inflammation and contamination of microorganisms in apical periodontitis and triggers the expression of TLR2 and TLR4, modulating innate immunity response in periapical lesions.

Selenium protects against bile duct ligation-induced brain damage in male rats: effect on brain ammonia, glutamine and fos gene expression

ABSTRACT Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe medical illness often associatedwith liver cirrhosis and characterized by personality changes, intellectual impairment, and decreased consciousness. The exact pathophysiology of HE is debated, but it generally involves neurotoxins, decreased neurotransmission, systemic inflammation, and altered brain energy utilization. The goal of this study is to find out the protective effect of selenium (Se) supplements on the brains of rats with chronic extrahepatic cholestasis caused by bile duct ligation. Thirty albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I: Sham-operated control; group II: bile duct-ligated rats (BDL); and group III: bile duct-ligated rats protected with selenium (BDL-Se), receiving 100 µg/kg/day of selenium orally for six weeks. Following the experimental period, histological and biochemical analyses of liver and brain tissues were performed after sacrifice. Results elucidated that selenium refuced oxidative stress in the brain, indicated by a reduced level of brain malondialdehyde (MDA), an increased level of brain reduced glutathione (GSH), decreased collagen deposition, as well as the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate in liver tissue, the absence of ruptured blood vessels, and degenerated neurons in brain tissue. Additionally, selenium exhibited an anti-inflammatory role by lowering the brain levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the c-fos gene.

Health of Holochilus chacarius (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in rice agroecosystem in a neotropical wetland assessed by histopathology.

Small mammals have a short lifetime and are strictly associated with their environment. This work aimed to use histopathology to assess the health of Holochilus chacarius in a rice agroecosystem in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. During necropsy, fragments of the lung, kidney, skin, liver, and reproductive system of 33 animals were collected and submitted to histological processing. Tissue damages were evaluated as mild, moderate, and severe and arranged in a matrix for further statistical analysis. Furthermore, we used generalized linear models to verify the influence of tissue changes on the body condition, obtained by a regression between body mass and length. In the lungs, we found an intense inflammatory infiltrate associated with anthracosis that had a negative influence on the body's condition. Also, we observed degenerative and inflammatory changes in the liver, kidneys, skin, and reproductive system that ranged from mild to moderate. The histopathological lesions observed in this study may be associated with environmental alterations of anthropic origin such as the exposure to soot from wildfires and heavy metals, evidenced by lesions in the lung, kidney, and liver. The present study provided a histopathological matrix as a new approach that allows to classify and quantify the tissue alterations. Tissue changes when associated with body condition demonstrated to be an effective tool to assess the health of small free-living mammals, showing that these animals can be used as bioindicators of environmental condition.

Abstract 5660: Gene expression signatures from FFPE to predict recurrent metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer

Abstract Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is an EBV-driven epithelial cancer endemic to Southeast Asia, Southern China and the Middle East. Accurate profiling of the gene expression of NPC has been challenging because of its intense inflammatory infiltrate, as well as the 3 - 4mm size of biopsies limiting the amount of available material. Here we present a large cohort of 339 micro-dissected gene expression libraries from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies from NPC patients treated at the National University Health System, Singapore, as well as healthy controls. NPC tumors from patients who subsequently developed recurrent or metastatic disease (Group A), and patients who did not develop recurrent or metastatic disease (Group B) were profiled. Tumor epithelial and microenvironment compartments were separately obtained using laser-capture microdissection, followed by library preparation performed for RNA-Seq using an in-house specialised technique. Gene signatures for NPC tumor epithelial and microenvironment content were used to validate the purity of gene expression libraries. Our preliminary analysis revealed that primary, pre-treatment tumors from patients who subsequently developed recurrence (Group A) showed downregulation of processes related to interferon gamma and interferon alpha response (p-adj &amp;lt;0.001 for both), while processes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (p-adj &amp;lt; 0.05) were enriched compared to patients who remained healthy (Group B). In contrast to primary tumors, recurrent tumors in Group A were enriched for cellular respiration including oxidative phosphorylation (p-adj &amp;lt; 0.0001). Our approach highlights the utility of whole transcriptome profiling from small quantities of archival FFPE material. The gene signatures identified from the primary tumors of high-risk patients are biologically relevant and have the potential to be used in precision medicine to guide additional targeted intervention. Citation Format: Joshua K. Tay, Wei Keat Teo, Joseph W. Foley, Luvita Suryani, Bing Cheng Wu, Chor Hiang Siow, Kwok Seng Loh. Gene expression signatures from FFPE to predict recurrent metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5660.

Ruptured Saccular Aneurysm Caused by Necrotizing Arteritis of the Polyarteritis Nodosa Type in Primary Angiitis of Central Nervous System.

Primary angiitis of central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare idiopathic vasculitis that typically involves small arteries. An 18-year-old woman was operated on for resection of a ruptured aneurysm in a cerebral artery. Multiple aneurysms of cerebral arteries had been detected by neuroimaging examinations since the age of 12, and she had been administered drugs following a diagnosis of PACNS since the age of 15. The resected aneurysm was a ruptured saccular aneurysm occurring in a medium-sized artery. Histologically, necrotizing arteritis of the polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) type was noted in the aneurysmal wall. It consisted of an admixture of acute and healing stages. In the acute stage, fibrinoid necrosis in the intima and media and intense inflammatory cell infiltrate in the entire wall were present. The inflammatory cells mainly consisted of lymphocytes, including plasma cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. In the healing stage, disappearance of fibrinoid necrosis, fibrosis in the intima and media, and scarce inflammatory cells were noted. The acute stage was mainly present near the ruptured site. From these findings, the aneurysm was considered to have been caused by necrotizing arteritis of the PAN type. Although saccular aneurysmal formation in a medium-sized artery is rare in PACNS, an understanding of aneurysms produced by necrotizing arteritis of the PAN type offers useful information for the diagnosis and treatment of PACNS.

The effect of biopolymer gel derived from sugarcane on healing of traumatic oral ulcers: an experimental study.

The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is produced by the bacterium Zoogloea sp. and plays a positive role in tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to clinically and histologically compare the effects of EPS in the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in rats with the effects of triamcinolone. Ulcers were induced in the oral mucous of 45male Wistar rats, divided into three groups: control group, treated with triamcinolone, and treated with biopolymer gel. In the clinical evaluation, we considered the weight variation of the animals and the size of the lesion area, at baseline and on treatment days 1, 3and7. The histological parameters evaluated were the type and intensity of the inflammatory infiltration, the presence of necrosis and foreign body granuloma and the degree of re-epithelialization of the lesion. The reduction of the lesion area was greater in the animals treated with EPS, with no difference in the intensity of the inflammatory infiltration between the groups on days 3 and 7 of treatment. The results suggest that topical application of EPS in traumatic oral ulcers of rats promotes faster repair than triamcinolone ointment, without increasing the intensity of inflammatory infiltration under the lesion.

Toxinological profile and histopathological alterations induced by Bothrocophias campbelli venom from Colombia

Snakebite envenomings most frequently reported in Colombia are caused by snakes of the genera Bothrops, Bothriechis, Bothrocophias, and Porthidium. Their venoms induce local and systemic pathophysiological effects, sometimes leading to permanent sequelae such as reduced mobility of the limbs, amputations, besides the risk of death. The genus Bothrocophias includes nine species, among which B. campbelli has a distribution restricted to the department of Nariño in Colombia. In this work we determined the toxinological profile its venom, by performing assays for the lethal, hemorrhagic, edematogenic, and myotoxic activities in mouse models, as well as for in vitro coagulant activity on human plasma. The lethal toxicity of the venom was 142.7 µg venom/mouse (111.4–179.8 µg/mouse; 6.6–10.6 µg/g body weight) by intraperitoneal route. Its hemorrhagic activity (minimum hemorrhagic dose: 12.7 ± 2.3 µg) is generally weaker compared to other South American vipers, but edematogenic (minimum edematogenic dose 1.0 ± 0.3 µg), and myotoxic (minimum myotoxic dose 3.9 ± 2.5 µg) activities are very potent. Histopathological examination of the injected mouse gastrocnemius muscle showed prominent disorganization of the myofibrils, myonecrosis, and an intense inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate. In vitro, the minimal coagulant dose was 12.3 ± 0.5 µg. Overall, this toxinological profile would predict that the clinical picture of envenomings by B. campbelli might be characterized by moderate disturbances in the coagulation cascade, mild local hemorrhage, and, conversely, severe myonecrosis and edema, which could potentially lead to compartment syndrome and gangrene.

Intraplaque Neovascularization, CD68+ and iNOS2+ Macrophage Infiltrate Intensity Are Associated with Atherothrombosis and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Severe Carotid Atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that results from endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory arterial wall disorder and the formation of the atheromatous plaque. This results in carotid artery stenosis and is responsible for atherothrombotic stroke and ischemic injury. Low-grade plaque inflammation determines biological stability and lesion progression. Sixty-seven cases with active perilesional inflammatory cell infiltrate were selected from a larger cohort of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. CD68+, iNOS2+ and Arg1+ macrophages and CD31+ endothelial cells were quantified around the atheroma lipid core using digital morphometry, and expression levels were correlated with determinants of instability: ulceration, thrombosis, plaque hemorrhage, calcification patterns and neovessel formation. Patients with intraplaque hemorrhage had greater CD68+ macrophage infiltration (p = 0.003). In 12 cases where iNOS2 predominated over Arg1 positivity, the occurrence of atherothrombotic events was significantly more frequent (p = 0.046). CD31 expression, representing neovessel formation, correlated positively with atherothrombosis (p = 0.020). Intraplaque hemorrhage is often described against the background of an intense inflammatory cell infiltrate. Atherothrombosis is associated with the presence of neovessels and pro-inflammatory macrophages expressing iNOS2. Modulating macrophage polarization may be a successful therapeutic approach to prevent plaque destabilization.

Impaired intestinal immunity and microbial diversity in common carp exposed to cadmium

Waterborne cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the fish intestine and causes irreversible toxicity by disrupting intestinal immunity and microbial diversity. To explore the toxicity of environmentally available high Cd concentration on intestinal immunity and microbial diversity of fish, we selected the widely used bioindicator model species, Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Literature review and Cd pollution data supported sequential doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mg/L Cd for 30 days. Based on intestinal tissue Cd accumulation, previous studies, and environmentally available Cd data, 0.4 and 1.6 mg/L Cd were selected for further studies. Intestinal Cd bioaccumulation increased significantly to ~100 times in fish exposed to 1.6 mg/L Cd. We observed villous atrophy, increased goblet cells with mucus production, muscularis erosion, and thickened lamina propria due to intense inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestine at this Cd concentration. Cd-induced immunosuppression occurred with increased lysozyme, alkaline phosphate (AKP), and acid phosphate (ACP). High levels of catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) suggested induced oxidative stress and poor metabolism by α-amylase and lipase suppression for Cd toxicity. Proteobacteria (41.2 %), Firmicutes (21.8 %), and Bacteroidetes (17.5 %) were the dominant bacterial phyla in the common carp intestine. Additionally, potential pathogenic Cyanobacteria increased in Cd-treated fish. The decrease of beneficiary bacteria like Aeromonas, and Cetobacterium indicated Cd toxicity. Overall, these findings indicate harmful consequences of high Cd concentration in the intestinal homeostasis and health status of fish.

An oxygen-releasing agent promotes healing of skin wounds in rats.

To evaluate the local effect of a slow oxygen-release gel on the healing of standardised skin wounds caused in rats. Skin wounds were created on the backs of male rats (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar) that were randomly allocated into two groups. In the treated (T) and control (C) groups, oxygen gel and distilled water, respectively, were applied to the wounds on alternate days for 28 days. Postoperatively, euthanasia was performed at 5, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days, followed by clinical, histological (Masson's trichrome) and immunohistochemical analysis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni's test. The cohort comprised 50 rats. On clinical and histological analysis, groups C and T showed similar characteristics 5 days post-operation. Subsequently, group T showed better healing at 14, 21 and 28 days and presented more intense inflammatory infiltrate up to 10 days. At days 14, 21 and 28, group T exhibited a reduction in oedema and increased angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, and deposition of collagen fibres than group C. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in both the groups, but the levels were significantly higher in group T (p<0.05). The local application of slow oxygen-release gel accelerated the healing of standardised skin wounds created surgically in rats, with increased angiogenesis and better collagen fibre formation.

Modulation of blood redox status by the progression of induced apical periodontitis in rats.

This study aimed to investigate if apical periodontitis in different periods changes systemic levels of the antioxidant and pro-oxidant parameters in Wistar rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly allocated into healthy animals, apical periodontitis at 14days (AP14) and apical periodontitis at 28days (AP28). The first mandibular molars were accessed in the AP groups, and the pulp chamber was exposed to the oral environment, inducing the apical lesion. After 14 and 28days, the animals were anesthetized, euthanized, and hemimandibles were collected for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis to measure lesion volume, bone volume (BV), percent of bone to total tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular space (Tb.Sp). A histological examination of the remaining bone was also performed. Finally, blood samples were collected for oxidative biochemistry analysis, investigating glutathione (GSH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). The lesion volume was greater at 28 than at 14days, as shown by micro-CT. AP14 and AP28 had decreased BV and Tb.Th, but only AP28 showed a reduction in BV/TV. Tb.N and Tb. Sp were increased in apical periodontitis at 28 days. In the histopathological analysis, AP14 had focal regions of moderate mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, and AP28 had an intense inflammatory infiltrate with bacterial colonies. In the biochemical evaluation, GSH, TEAC, and TBARS were increased after 14 days. However, GSH returned to control levels, TEAC was similar to AP14, and TBARS increased significantly after 28days. Therefore, the oxidative biochemistry response was modulated according to the progression of periapical damage. After 14days, the organism could still react to the injury. However, at 28days, the antioxidant response decreased, associated with an increase in TBARS.

Intestinal Ameboma Involving the Jejunum: First Case Reported in Medical Literature

We present the case of a 58-years-old caucasian male who was hospitalized in our hospital with an early diagnosis of a jejunal tumor. However, all the instrumental and laboratory testing conducted were inconclusive and a preoperative diagnosis was not established. Patient was scheduled for surgery and en-bloc resection of the jejunal mass was performed. Microscopic analysis of the specimen reported the presence of intense mixed lympho-granulocytic inflammatory infiltrate of the mucosa associated with entamoeba parasites and a diagnosis of intestinal ameboma was ruled out. Ameboma is a rare complication of chronic amoebic colitis. usually found in the cecum and ascending colon. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an intestinal ameboma involving the jejunum to be reported in medical literature.

Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Camellia sinensis on ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is the main usual red eye cause influencing many people. Allergic conjunctivitis is like an umbrella that includes different types of clinical manifestations, from a mild but annoying form of IgE-dependent allergy to inhaled allergens to very severe forms such as keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea involvement in allergic conjunctivitis needs the steroids use, which can cause severe eye complications. Research on allergic conjunctivitis should focus more on more severe forms of eye allergies to gain a better the pathophysiology understanding of the disease, diagnosis methods should be standardized and new treatment methods should be suggested. In the recent study, due to high therapeutic effects of Camellia sinensis, we used its aqueous extract for green-synthesizing of the silver nanoparticles and allergic conjunctivitis treatment in the in vivo condition. UV–Vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM and TEM were used for characterization of nanoparticles. This research therefore evaluated the AgNPs@Camellia sinensis antiallergic potential in ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis and attempted to predict its mode of action. ELISA determined serum ovalbumin-specific total IgE, IgE and IgG. Clinical scores for allergic conjunctivitis induced by intraperitoneal ovalbumin sensitization and topical conjunctival challenge in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were estimated after treatment with 10, 20, 40 and 80 µg kg−1 AgNPs@Camellia sinensis, 10 mg kg−1 chlorpheniramine, 30 mg kg−1 prednisolone, or 10 mL kg−1 PBS. Serum ovalbumin-specific total IgE, IgE and IgG decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The conjunctival tissue in AgNPs@Camellia sinensis treated guinea pigs had mild mononuclear infiltration compared to the PBS-treated ones, which had intense conjunctival tissue inflammatory infiltration. The 40 and 80 mg kg−1 AgNPs@Camellia sinensis treatment resulted in allergic conjunctivitis low clinical score.

Formulation of a drug for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis: Copper nanoparticles containing Olea europaea leaf aqueous extract

Olea europaea or Olive is the main ingredient of the Mediterranean diet. They are associated with many health benefits, especially for heart health and cancer prevention. Olive is rich in antioxidants and its health benefits range from fighting inflammation to reducing the growth of microorganisms. Recently, metallic nanoparticles green-formulated by ethnomedicinal plants have been used due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. Present research discloses the CuNPs biosynthesizing capability of the leaves of pharmacologically important Olea europaea. In addition, we investigated the Olea europaea green-formulated copper nanoparticles for the treatment of ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis. For determining the physicochemical properties of the recent nanoparticles, FT-IR, FE-SEM, UV-Vis and TEM were used. ELISA test was applied to measure the serum ovalbumin-specific IgG and IgE and total IgE. Clinical scores for allergic conjunctivitis induced by intraperitoneal ovalbumin sensitization and topical conjunctival challenge in guinea pigs were determined after a week’s daily treatment with 30 mg kg−1 prednisolone, 10 mg kg−1 chlorpheniramine, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µg kg−1 copper nanoparticles, or 10 mL kg−1 PBS. Ovalbumin-specific IgG and IgE as well as total serum IgE also decreased significantly (p<0.01). All doses of copper nanoparticles treatment resulted in a significantly (p<0.01) low clinical score of allergic conjunctivitis. The conjunctival tissue in copper nanoparticles treated guinea pigs had mild mononuclear infiltration compared to the PBS-treated ones, which had intense conjunctival tissue inflammatory infiltration.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ORAL EOSINOPHILIC ULCERS: A CASE SERIES

Eosinophilic ulcers of the oral mucosa are fast-growing lesions that may persist for a few weeks before spontaneous regression. They can occur at all ages, and the most common site of involvement is the tongue. The present study aims to report a case series of seven eosinophilic ulcers. The mean age was 55 years, with a slight female preponderance (n = 4). The evolution time ranged from 30 to 180 days. Most cases (n = 5) were on the border of the tongue, and the other two cases were located on the buccal vestibule and floor of the mouth. Among the clinical hypotheses, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common. The histopathological examination revealed ulceration on the surface epithelium and intense inflammatory infiltrate in the underlying connective tissue, comprised mainly of neutrophils and eosinophils. After the incisional biopsy, the patients were examined and regression of the lesion was observed. Eosinophilic ulcers of the oral mucosa are fast-growing lesions that may persist for a few weeks before spontaneous regression. They can occur at all ages, and the most common site of involvement is the tongue. The present study aims to report a case series of seven eosinophilic ulcers. The mean age was 55 years, with a slight female preponderance (n = 4). The evolution time ranged from 30 to 180 days. Most cases (n = 5) were on the border of the tongue, and the other two cases were located on the buccal vestibule and floor of the mouth. Among the clinical hypotheses, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common. The histopathological examination revealed ulceration on the surface epithelium and intense inflammatory infiltrate in the underlying connective tissue, comprised mainly of neutrophils and eosinophils. After the incisional biopsy, the patients were examined and regression of the lesion was observed.

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA LOCATED ON THE PALATE: A CASE REPORT

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents about 90% to 95% of the cases of oral cancer, affecting mostly men, from the 4th decade of life. A 64-year-old man, smoker and alcoholic, was admitted to our clinic with nodular lesions and ulcerated and hardened areas in the mucosa of the hard and soft palate, and pain symptoms, with about 9 months of evolution. Incisional biopsy of the lesion was performed with the hypothesis of carcinoma. Histological analysis revealed the proliferation of islands and cords of malignant squamous epithelial cells, infiltrating the underlying connective tissue, cell and nuclear pleomorphism, areas of extensive keratinization forming multiple scales and keratin pearls, and intense chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis was well-differentiated SCC. The patient was referred to oncology services and is undergoing clinical follow-up. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents about 90% to 95% of the cases of oral cancer, affecting mostly men, from the 4th decade of life. A 64-year-old man, smoker and alcoholic, was admitted to our clinic with nodular lesions and ulcerated and hardened areas in the mucosa of the hard and soft palate, and pain symptoms, with about 9 months of evolution. Incisional biopsy of the lesion was performed with the hypothesis of carcinoma. Histological analysis revealed the proliferation of islands and cords of malignant squamous epithelial cells, infiltrating the underlying connective tissue, cell and nuclear pleomorphism, areas of extensive keratinization forming multiple scales and keratin pearls, and intense chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis was well-differentiated SCC. The patient was referred to oncology services and is undergoing clinical follow-up.