Personality Intelligence Research Articles

The antecedents of career decision self-efficacy: a meta-analysis on 20 years of research

PurposeThis study aims to examine the antecedents of career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) and provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence this critical construct in career development and decision-making.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a meta-analysis of 43 independent studies, comprising 90 correlations and 17,143 participants. The Hunter-Schmidt method meta-analysis was used to analyze the data and identify the factors associated with CDSE. Random-effect meta-regression analysis was applied to detect the potential moderators.FindingsThe study found that CDSE is positively associated with social support (ρ = 0.41), age (ρ = 0.05), agreeableness (ρ = 0.23), conscientiousness (ρ = 0.48), emotional intelligence (ρ = 0.48), extraversion (ρ = 0.41), openness (ρ = 0.35) and proactive personality (ρ = 0.68), while negatively related to neuroticism (ρ = −0.33). Furthermore, the results indicate that sample gender (%female) and mean age partially moderate the relationship between CDSE and age, core-self evaluations and neuroticism.Originality/valueIn this study, the authors have contributed significantly to the existing research on CDSE antecedents by conducting a thorough analysis of the various factors associated with this critical construct. The findings offer an accurate understanding of the factors that influence CDSE, and this paper's moderation analysis sheds light on the boundary conditions in the CDSE literature. Moreover, this research has practical implications for practitioners such as teachers, parents and career counselors. By leveraging the insights gained from this study, practitioners can provide more effective career support and intervention to young people, which can help increase their CDSE and improve their overall career development and well-being.

Artificial Intelligence: problems of civil law qualification

Following the methodology of civil research, the concept of artificial intelligence is analyzed and the conclusion about the fallacy of recognizing the legal personality of artificial intelligence is argued. Artificial intelligence as a result of complicated programming is a complex object of civil rights, which includes various structural elements — the results of intellectual activity. The mechanism of acquiring the right to use the results of intellectual activity included in a complex object by a person who organized the creation of artificial intelligence is considered. The essence of legislative exceptions from the general rules on agreement on the alienation of exclusive rights and license agreements in relation to artificial intelligence is analyzed. The conclusion is substantiated that in the absence of regulation of relations on the acquisition of the right to a complex object, it should be provided for: an agreement between the person who organized the creation of artificial intelligence and each of the right holders of the result of intellectual activity that is part of artificial intelligence, or a special condition provided for in the agreement on the alienation of the exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity in as part of an artificial intelligence or a license agreement with each right holder. The conclusion is reasoned that the person who organized the creation of artificial intelligence, in the presence of the considered legal grounds, acquires not only the rights to the relevant results of intellectual activity — structural elements of artificial intelligence, but also the right to the entire artificial intelligence as a whole.

The effect of burnout, emotional intelligence and extrovert personality types on teacher performance in senior high school 13 Padang, Indonesia

This study aims to see the effect of (1) burnout on teacher performance Senior High School (SMA)13 Padang. (2) Emotional intelligence on teacher performance at SMA 13 Padang.(3)Extrovert personality type on teacher performance at SMA 13 Padang. (4) Burnout, emotional intelligence and extroverted personality types have a joint effect on teacher performance at SMA 13 Padang. The entire population in this studyteachers of SMA 13 Padang as many as 59 people. The technique for taking this sample uses a total sampling technique. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression with the classical assumption test, normality test, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity .The results of this study indicate that (1) Burnouthas a significant negative effect on teacher performance at SMA 13 Padang. (2) Emotional intelligencehas a positive influence on teacher performance at SMA 13 Padang. (3) Extrovert personality typehas a positive influence on teacher performance at SMA 13 Padang. (4)Burnout, Emotional intelligence and Extrovert personality typejointly affect teacher performance at SMA 13 Padang.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR OF SWEET ORANGE GROWERS

A sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is an important fruit crop of Maharashtra state of India. It is grown on an area of 55,000 ha. The area under this fruit crop is increasing rapidly as a result of dynamic employment guarantee scheme launched by the Government of Maharashtra for fruit crops. Sweet Orange is a major fruit crop in Marathwada region of the State. 0.77 lakh hectares area is under this crop (Anonymous, 2014a). The development of any nation depends primarily on the important role played by entrepreneurs. Hence, the part played by entrepreneurs is of vital importance in a developing country like India. Thus in all economic development activities more attention is being given to entrepreneurship development. An entrepreneur is primarily concerned with changes in the formula of production over which he has full control. Further, it is commonly believed that an entrepreneur is basically an intelligent person and has a definite ability to create something new to prove its worthiness. The Ex-post-facto research design was used for the present study. The study was conducted in Aurangabad district. Three tahsils namely, Aurangabad, Paithan and Kannad were selected purposively on the basis of the maximum area under sweet orange cultivation. The main objective of this study is to study the regression analysis of entrepreneurial behaviour of sweet orange growers. It is revealed from that coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variables was 0.5040. It means that 50.40 per cent of the total variation in entrepreneurial behavior of sweet orange growers was explained by the selected 10 independent variables i.e. Farming experience, Education, Family size, Occupation, Land holding, Annual income, Social participation, Mass media use, Economic motivation and Market orientation. The present study was used as a multistage sampling procedure. Collected data were classified, tabulated and analyzed by using multiple regression.

There Is a Lot More to Transplantation Surgery Than the Surgery Itself: The "Other" Sir Peter John Morris, AC, FRS.

There Is a Lot More to Transplantation Surgery Than the Surgery Itself: The "Other" Sir Peter John Morris, AC, FRS.

Problems and Prospects of Regulating Relations within a Deal Effected with Participation of Artificial Intelligence

Objective: to research the problem of determining the subject of a legally relevant act effected with participation of artificial intelligence, as well as distribution of responsibility for the consequences of its performance.Methods: to illustrate the problematic and practical significance of the issue of legal personality of artificial intelligence, we chose automated procurements for public and corporate needs; the methodological basis of the research is the set of methods of scientific cognition, including comparison, retrospective analysis, analogy, and synthesis.Results: by the example of the sector of competitive procurements for public and corporate needs, the evolution of automation of economic relations up to artificial intelligence introduction was analyzed. Successfully tested reactions to the challenges of stage-by-stage introduction of digital technologies into economic relations were demonstrated, as well as the respective modifications of legal regulation. Based on the current level of technological development, the prospective questions are formulated, associated with the legal regulation of economic relations implemented with the use of artificial intelligence, first of all, the question of defining the subject of a deal effected with participation of artificial intelligence. As an invitation for discussion after analysis of jurists’ conclusions about the probable variants of the legal status of artificial intelligence, the author proposes variants of answers to the question of its legal personality when effecting a deal. To solve the issue of responsibility for the decisions resulting from the implementation of algorithms of a software and hardware package, we propose several models of distributing such responsibility among its creator, owner, and other persons, whose actions might influence the results of such an algorithm functioning. The proposed conclusions may be used to develop normative regulation both as a set and individually.Scientific novelty: based on the analysis of evolution of the practices of using digital technologies in procurement, the work formulates potential legal problems, determined by the constant automation of economic relations, and proposes legal constructs to solve such problems.Practical significance: the conclusions and proposals of this work are of prospective significance for conceptual comprehension and normative regulation of electronic procurement tools both at corporate and national level.

Future of the Artificial Intelligence: Object of Law or Legal Personality?

Objective: to reveal the problems associated with legal regulation of public relations, in which artificial intelligence systems are used, and to rationally comprehend the possibility of endowing such systems with a legal subject status, which is being discussed by legal scientists.Methods: the methodological basis of the research are the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, analogy, abstraction and classification. Among the legal methods primarily applied in the work are formal-legal, comparative-legal and systemic-structural methods, as well as the methods of law interpretation and legal modeling.Results: the authors present a review of the state of artificial intelligence development and its introduction into practice by the time of the research. Legal framework in this sphere is considered; the key current concepts of endowing artificial intelligence with a legal personality (individual, collective and gradient legal personality of artificial intelligence) are reviewed. Each approach is assessed; conclusions are made as to the most preferable amendments in the current legislation, which ceases to correspond to the reality. The growing inconsistency is due to the accelerated development of artificial intelligence and its spreading in various sectors of economy, social sphere, and in the nearest future – in public management. All this testifies to the increased risk of a break between legal matter and the changing social reality.Scientific novelty: scientific approaches are classified which endow artificial intelligence with a legal personality. Within each approach, the key moments are identified, the use of which will allow in the future creating legal constructs based on combinations, avoiding extremes and observing the balance between the interests of all parties. The optimal variant to define the legal status of artificial intelligence might be to include intellectual systems into a list of civil rights objects, but differentiating the legal regulation of artificial intelligence as an object of law and an “electronic agent” as a quasi subject of law. The demarcation line should be drawn depending on the functional differences between intellectual systems, while not only a robot but also a virtual intellectual system can be considered an “electronic agent”.Practical significance: the research materials can be used when preparing proposals for making amendments and additions to the current legislation, as well as when elaborating academic course and writing tutorials on the topics related to regulation of using artificial intelligence.

The sui generis right to non-original objects generated by a computer program: novelties of legal regulation

The article considers novel legal regulations regarding non-original objects generated by a computer program. It was established that at the level of the law, legal certainty was introduced regarding the legal regime of these objects: the concept and characteristics of a non-original object, generated by a computer program, subjects of property rights, the scope of such rights, their validity period, the possibility of transfer (alienation) were defined) of these rights, as well as an opportunity to properly protect such rights. The signs of a non-original object generated by a computer program are defined: difference from already existing similar objects; creation of an object solely as a result of the operation of a computer program without direct human participation. It has been proven that the independent legal personality of artificial intelligence is highly debatable, and this concept goes far beyond the boundaries of intellectual property law. It is justified that giving artificial intelligence an independent legal personality as of today is a hasty step, therefore the approach reflected in the law deserves attention.It is substantiated that the legal regime of an object that is non-original and that is generated by a computer program is very similar to the legal regime of a work as an object of copyright, which enables the relevant subjects to exercise and protect the rights to these objects. It was established that as a result of the creation of a non-original object generated by a computer program, personal non-property rights do not arise at all, and property rights belong to the owner of the property rights to the computer program that generated such an object. It has been proven that the property rights to a nonoriginal object are in fact identical to the property rights of the author (other subjects of property copyright), the scope of which is determined by Article 12 of the Copyright Law.It is established that when creating a non-original object generated by a computer program, one should observe the property rights to other non-original objects generated by a computer program, which are used in the process of generating a new non-original object; to objects of copyright and/or related rights that were used in the process of generating such non-original object.

Greek family-business management performance: Emotionally intelligent or Machiavellian?

Abstract
 
 Although the investigation of emotional intelligence levels and personality traits such as Machiavellian behavior of the manager and the family firm’s workforce is critical in understanding the role of emotions in family business dynamics and in drawing conclusions regarding their effects on the overall business performance, the subject has not been examined adequately. Utilizing modern tools, this paper aims to measure and evaluate the qualitative characteristics of family business managers’ behavior to analyze their influence on the firms’ performance. In particular, it examines whether emotional intelligence and Machiavellianism determine the efficiency of the management in Greek family businesses’ performance. For this purpose, a structural equation model was specified and applied to fieldwork data to test the statistical validity of the hypothesis. The findings suggest that, while emotional intelligence plays an important role, Machiavellian personality does not.
 
 EL Classifications:
 Key words: emotional intelligence, Machiavellianism, family business, management, structural equation models

Tata Tertib Sekolah dan Kedisiplinan Belajar di MA Yayasan Pendidikan Kalangsari Cijulang

This study aims to find out how to implement school rules at MA YPK Cijulang and also the principal as a manager in an educational institution must have three main intelligences, namely professional intelligence, personal intelligence, and managerial intelligence so that he can cooperate with others. With this ability the principal is able to improve school performance through discipline coaching, namely compiling and implementing school rules. The problems faced by MA YPK Cijulang are the lack of a sense of responsibility for the tasks they carry out, the lack of adherence to school rules that are applied by the school. The purpose of this study was to find out how the principal's management applied school rules and regulations, to find out the role of the school principal in implementing school rules, and to find out the principal's obstacles in implementing school rules. This research is qualitative in nature, with the background taken at MA YPK Cijulang. Data collection methods are carried out by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by collecting all data then analyzing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that school rules cannot control all student behavior at MA YPK Cijulang, but school rules are sufficient to raise awareness and provide a deterrent effect to students who have committed violations. So it can be said that school rules are good enough to be used as a tool to control student behavior.

Pengembangan Metode KEPOKPEDAS dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Personal pada Pembelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas V SDN Krapyak

This study aims to develop a cooperative learning method using the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) method into the Intelligent Personal Group Cooperation (KEPOKPEDAS) method in PAI, as well as to measure the effectiveness of the KEPOKPEDAS method in improving the personal intelligence of Class V Elementary School students. The type of research used is R & D which consists of 10 development steps. The subjects of the study were fifth grade students at the Krapyak Godean State Elementary School. The object of this research is the learning process of the KEPOKPEDAS method to improve personal intelligence. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Analysis of data collection was carried out using the interaction model developed by Milles and Hubermen. The results showed that the KEPOKPEDAS method had sufficient feasibility based on the validation scores of Material Expert 3.5, Method Expert 4.1, limited field test 4.03, and main trial 4.1, with an average of 3.93 (enough). While the effectiveness of the method in improving personal intelligence has a significant effect based on the comparison of the initial test results 80.07 with the final test of 85.13 which is included in the effectiveness of the 2016 PSS Paired Samples Test results: the acceptance of the Ttable calculation is greater than Tcount, which is 0.000Ë‚0.05. Thus the application of the KEPOKPEDAS method to increase personal intelligence is effective.

Designing an Empowerment Model for School Counselors: A Qualitative Study

Aim: The current research was conducted with the aim of developing a model for empowering school counselors based on grounded theory and using semistructured interview method. Methods: For this purpose, the number of 12 teachers, 14 school counselors, 13 students (locally from Ardabil province) were selected through purposeful sampling and the number of 9 counseling experts and professors (nationally) were selected by snowball sampling and the data were collected until theoretical saturation was reached. After transcribing the text of the interviews and entering the information into the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software, they were analyzed with open, central and selective coding.
 Findings: The results of open and axial coding led to the identification of 245 concepts and 17 core categories. Also, the results of selective coding showed that the core category of school counselors' ability is influenced by causal conditions (scientific, professional and moral competence), intervening conditions (emotional maturity, self-efficacy, professional skills and coordination) and background conditions (intellectual maturity, emotional intelligence, mental health, communication skills, psychological toughness and charismatic personality) in the form of organizational and individual development strategies, which result in improving the efficiency of school counselors directly and indirectly.
 Conclusions: According to the findings of the present research, it is recommended to use the present model in order to empower school counselors, as well as design and develop different programs to improve school guidance and counseling services.

Could Artificial Intelligence be the Subject of Criminal Law?

The use of artificial intelligence can increase productivity and efficiency in various sectors of life. However, it can also potentially cause legal problems especially criminal law if they result in losses. The subject of law in determining who should be responsible is a separate issue. This research examines whether technology using artificial intelligence can be used as the subject of criminal law so that criminal responsibility can be held. This research is normative juridical research with a statutory, conceptual approach and cases related to artificial intelligence and criminal law issues. The study shows that the ability to analyze and make decisions possesed by artificial intelligence can be indicated as "malicious intent". Yet, the concept of punishment for the artificial intelligence system requires a unique formula, as the personality of artificial intelligence cannot be equated with the personality of a human or legal entity. The granting of legal status through a criminal sanction mechanism in the form of machine deactivation, reprogramming, and the severity of destroying machines is expected to provide future solutions to minimize the risk of criminal acts by artificial intelligence.

Jacques E. Dumont (July 19, 1931-February 6, 2023).

Jacques E. Dumont (July 19, 1931-February 6, 2023).

Features of increasing motivation for physical education lessons of students with postural disorders

The purpose of the work: to reveal the motivational aspects of students with posture disorders for physical education lessons. Methodology: analysis and generalization of methodological, psychological-pedagogical and educational-methodical literature, which made it possible to study modern approaches to the formation of motivation for physical education lessons of schoolgirls with postural disorders, to systematize and generalize information about the object under study. Scientific novelty: the article examines modern approaches to the formation of motivation for physical education lessons of girls with postural disorders, and identifies the main reasons for the decrease in motivation. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the motivational aspect of elementary school students for physical education lessons was investigated. A number of the most significant motives for them in physical education classes have been identified. Conclusions: thus, in the course of the study, a low level of motivation for physical education lessons was established among elementary school students. It was revealed that its formation is an integral component of the upbringing of an intelligent person. The results of the analysis of literary sources allow us to state that the insufficient effectiveness of measures to prevent posture disorders and their correction is associated with ignoring the child's biomechanical and psychological characteristics, which negatively affect the formation of motivation for physical education lessons. Therefore, this problem requires the search for new ways and methods of prevention and elimination of disorders of the musculoskeletal system during the development of the child's body, taking into account their sex-age, anthropometric, psychological and individual characteristics. Since such violations lead to severe disability and to no less difficult moral experiences of children, associated with the awareness of their own physical inferiority.

Of Enjoy

A serious person cannot enjoy. A sincere person can enjoy. In mathematics necessary and sufficient is a concept of condition. Seriousness is necessary but not sufficient condition to enjoy. Sincerity is that very sufficient condition for enjoyment. Enjoyment is an outcome of emotion. Seriousness is a hindrance. Similarly, callousness does not allow someone to enjoy. Chance comes once. An intelligent person can avail the chance thereby enjoys it. Strike the iron when it is hot. A fool cannot strike in time for lacking in knowledge. He strikes when the iron is cold; he sits idle when the iron is hot. Thus, he loses both ways. As such the blunt has to bear the pains of failure lifelong. He cannot enjoy. He is derived from enjoyment. He is so cursed. This is his tragedy

Theoretical aspects of identyifying legal personality of artificial intelligence: cross-national analysis of the laws of foreign countries

Research analyzes the issues of determining the legal status of artificial intellect. As artificial intellect (AI) systems become more sophisticated and play an increasingly important role in society, the arguments that they should have some form of legal personality are becoming increasingly relevant. The research argues that most legal systems could create a new category of legal persons. The issues of innovative trends in law enforcement practice are also in the focus as well as the issues of establishing general provisions on liability for criminal acts committed due to technical failures of artificial intelligence without the presence of anthropogenic participation and intervention. The article presents the results of the relevance of philosophical-legal and ontological analysis not only to a state, but also to the prospective future modifications of artificial intelligence. It outlines the results of a comparative analysis of the laws regulating artificial intelligence in a number of foreign countries along with the results of a retrospective analysis of some historical stages in the development of legal regulation of artificial intelligence.

Research on the impact of consumer privacy and intelligent personalization technology on purchase resistance

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of consumer privacy and intelligent personalization technology on purchase resistance using multidimensional development theory and the psychological contract violation model. From a holistic standpoint, this paper examines the internal mechanism of consumers’ resistance to personalized marketing, the different roles of situational factors and personal characteristics, and the stimulating factors of consumers’ psychological contract violation. The study concludes that psychological contract violation is the primary driver of consumer resistance to personalized marketing intent. The customization of perception, the enhancement of perception, and the legitimacy of the privacy policy are all negatively associated with the violation of psychological contracts with consumers. Personal innovation and online shopping experience are negatively correlated with consumers’ intention to resist personalized marketing; customization of perception has a significant direct effect on consumers’ resistance intention; There is no significant correlation between perceived improvement, privacy policy legitimacy, perceived privacy control, and consumers’ resistance intention. The contribution of this paper is to provide a new research perspective and theoretical explanation for a deeper understanding of consumers’ resistance to personalized marketing behavior.

Self-esteem and unconditional acceptance of oneself, in HIV positive people

The present work entitled "Self-esteem and unconditional acceptance of oneself, in seropositive people", highlights the problem of real states, which seropositive people face, to situations and intercessions related to self-esteem. This followed the behavior of HIV positive people, attitudes towards other people or vis-à-vis their own lives. Self-esteem is an element of the self and refers to affective living, to the emotions that the individual experiences when referring to himself. It is a make-up of the cognitive scheme relating to oneself. The idea that self-esteem is one of the factors that are associated with mental health is an integral part of psychology. The level of self can influence the habits and manifestations of the individual, so in the case of a low level the person gives up a succession of attractive goals, such as establishing close interpersonal relationships, choosing desired professions or living a pleasant life full of accomplishments and satisfactions. A low self-esteem can turn a healthy and intelligent person into a powerless person. The transition from a healthy and high self-esteem to a low self-esteem can be achieved by triggering strong mechanisms, in critical situations such as in the case of the presented theme, the establishment of a positive serodiagnostic. This fact causes the person to adopt ub devaluation behavior. The work being focused on self-esteem is designed so as to highlight the main aspects of the subject, so it is structured on chapters as follows in those presented below.

From Fantastic Theories to Objective Reality: Is there Future for Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Technologies in Administration of Criminal Justice?

Digitalization of various spheres of public relations, including their legal regulation, has recently become the talk of the town. More than a dozen works, many of which are of a rather fundamental nature, address the problems of digital development of law in general and criminal procedure in particular. However, it is difficult to deny that the issues of the influence of artificial intelligence on the development of justice have become the subject of widespread discussion relatively recently. As for predictive technologies, in comparison with foreign countries, there are many times fewer works of Russian legal researchers studying the issues under consideration. Basically, the legal personality of artificial intelligence is perceived as something negative, although it would be wrong to completely deny the idea of gradual penetration of this high technology into legal reality. The study attempts to participate in the discussion concerning admissibility of the use of predictive technologies and artificial intelligence in the administration of justice in criminal cases.The paper substantiates the thesis that rapid digitalization in the field of criminal justice should not go against implementation of the citizens’ right to access justice, but should serve as an important means of achieving transparency of the criminal process.Based on the basic postulates of the construction of the Russian criminal process, the author critically comprehends the place of artificial intelligence and predictive technologies from the standpoint of auxiliary elements or a fullfledged replacement of a human judge, discusses the search for an optimal balance of their application in order to improve the quality of justice in criminal cases. Despite certain conservatism of the criminal process and the seeming surrealism of thinking about full-fledged coexistence of criminal justice with predictive technologies and artificial intelligence, the author considers this direction to be very promising, requiring further study and reflection for the benefit of human development, society and the state.