Intelligent Parking System Research Articles

Intelligent Remote Monitoring of Parking Spaces Using Licensed and Unlicensed Wireless Technologies

Short- and long-range wireless communication is imperative for many remote monitoring applications such as industrial automation, digital health, and smart cities. Remote monitoring is one of the components of complex systems that can be optimized with the use of machine-learning-based techniques. In this article, an intelligent parking system is presented. The system exploits the benefits of a synergy between licensed and unlicensed wireless technologies, IoT, computer vision, and artificial intelligence. We discuss how an end user can interact with the system and manage it with a user interface. The user interface provides a range of dashboard facilities that provide various statistics about car park utilization and optimization facilities. Our proposed solution comprises a range of sensors including high-resolution cameras, which are distributed throughout a car park. The cameras are connected using different types of wireless communication. The data is processed in real time by the sensors and sent to a cloud server, where it is analyzed, stored, and presented to the end user. The object detection, tracking, and optical character recognition system are executed by the vision sensor, which utilizes a combination of convolutional neural networks and a proprietary deep-learning-based object detection algorithm. This solution has achieved high levels of classification accuracy (99.97 percent) and high image processing speeds (66 ms).

Design of intelligent parking lot based on Arduino

With the single chip of Arduino series as the main control terminal, this article establishes the intelligent parking system by using various sensor. Through the connection of the single chip with Ethernet W5100 network port, this design transmits the collected information to the server and then uploads it to the Web interactive platform after processing. It achieves the query and booking functions through the WeChat public number platform so that the car park can be much more efficient and intelligent.

Implementation of Smart Vehicle Parking System

In today’s era one of the most common problems which the world is facing is an exponential increase in population. This has indirectly increased a lot of other issues; one of them being the quantity of vehicles on the road. The increased number of vehicles results in shortage of parking areas. This project aims to present an intelligent parking system for vehicles that identifies the parking slot automatically through sensors and displays it without making the drivers to circle around the parking area. The availability of parking slots will be displayed to the drivers at the entrance. It also captures the number plate of vehicles by using camera and recognises the number using image processing and stores it in the server at the entrance and also at the exit of parking area for ease of payment purposes. All the information’s will be simultaneously updated in the IoT server and can be used for future use. It is found that the system decreases the manual work and provides high efficiency and high accuracy.

Privacy-Preservation Using Group Signature for Incentive Mechanisms in Mobile Crowd Sensing

Recently, concomitant with a surge in numbers of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with various sensors, mobile crowdsensing (MCS) has provided a new business model for IoT. For example, a person can share road traffic pictures taken with their smartphone via a cloud computing system and the MCS data can provide benefits to other consumers. In this service model, to encourage people to actively engage in sensing activities and to voluntarily share their sensing data, providing appropriate incentives is very important. However, the sensing data from personal devices can be sensitive to privacy, and thus the privacy issue can suppress data sharing. Therefore, the development of an appropriate privacy protection system is essential for successful MCS. In this study, we address this problem due to the conflicting objectives of privacy preservation and incentive payment. We propose a privacy-preserving mechanism that protects identity and location privacy of sensing users through an on-demand incentive payment and group signatures methods. Subsequently, we apply the proposed mechanism to one example of MCS―an intelligent parking system―and demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our mechanism through emulation.

Perancangan Sistim Monitoring Parkir Mobil Berbasis Web

This research is an information technology innovation for long distance monitoring system in realtime through WEB which applied to car parking system. This intelligent parking system is designed to solve the problems of parking car in Politeknik Negeri Padang. In this system, the driver gets information trough the web about the empty and the filled area in the parking. This system is an automated system using infrared and photodiode as sensor to identify the existences of the car in parking area and controlled by microcontroller. WEB to monitoring and inform the condition of slot parking area to the car driver using smartphone and can be accessed from everywhere at the web address ee.polinpdg.ac.id/parkir. Computer server is a WEB server and database server to save the program and monitoring data result.

IoT Based Intelligent Vehicle Parking Solution System

With rapid increase in population in urban cities, availability of parking space is real issue. This parking issue lead to traffic and encroachment of roads for parking. With implementation of smart cities is real time development, smart parking is integral part of this development. Intelligent parking system describe in this paper solve the parking issue and fits in the smart city development, this system is based on cloud-based parking system where user is able to get location of parking spot with helps sensors network and cloud computing. The user is updated with real time data of available parking spot near their destination, and they can choose the spot according to their convenience. The main components of the system are sensor layer, hardware layer, cloud layer and application layer. The sensor layer is controlled by Arduino board or other system on chip which manages the data collected by sensors, this data is sent to cloud through hardware layer cloud layer manages the data accordingly and data is sent to users’ application on the reception of request through application. This interconnection of all the layers is main aspect of IoT (Internet of Things). This system will help user to get the spot in hassle free and quick way.

Extraction of image parking spaces in intelligent video surveillance systems

This paper discusses the algorithmic framework for image parking lot localization and classification for the video intelligent parking system. Perspective transformation, adaptive Otsu's binarization, mathematical morphology operations, representation of horizontal lines as vectors, creating and filtering vertical lines, and parking space coordinates determination are used for the localization of parking spaces in a~video frame. The algorithm for classification of parking spaces is based on the Histogram of Oriented Descriptors (HOG) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Parking lot descriptors are extracted based on HOG. The overall algorithmic framework consists of the following steps: vertical and horizontal gradient calculation for the image of the parking lot, gradient module vector and orientation calculation, power gradient accumulation in accordance with cell orientations, blocking of cells, second norm calculations, and normalization of cell orientation in blocks. The parameters of the descriptor have been optimized experimentally. The results demonstrate the improved classification accuracy over the class of similar algorithms and the proposed framework performs the best among the algorithms proposed earlier to solve the parking recognition problem.

Iot based Parking Sensor Network for Smart Campus

The difficulty in finding parking spaces is growing into a more serious problem especially in urban areas. As the number of vehicles on the road continues to increase substantially, the difficulty in finding parking spaces increases even more. To combat this rising issue many cities have adopted a more organised and intelligent parking system which is also commonly known as smart parking system. This is to improve the efficiency of locating a parking spot, especially in an urban area. The smart parking system will often have sensors at parking spaces to determine the occupancy of the respective parking space. This occupancy value is relayed to a server by some specific communication protocol. The parking occupancy can then be displayed to the public by a Graphical User Interface (GUI) design which gets the occupancy values from a server. This project simulates the parking sensor network design in a smart campus setting by implementing the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). This project uses ultrasonic sensors that are connected to a NodeMCU microcontroller to send the parking occupancy values to an online database implemented using Google Firebase. A mobile application with a GUI (Graphical User Interface) is also created using MIT App Inventor 2 to display the vacancy of parking by communicating with the online database. The results obtained in this project were promising. The successful implementation of this idea will allow users to save more time and money, not to mention that it can also help reduce carbon emissions from vehicles resulting in a more sustainable environment.

A Routing Algorithm Based on Zigbee Technology

To realize the exploration of A routing algorithm for ZigBee technology, a kind of intelligent parking system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network is designed, and the parking space is managed by online and offline interaction. First of all, the status of parking at home and abroad is studied, and the demand for parking is analyzed. Secondly, the intelligent scheme of parking system is studied, including parking guidance technology and parking space intelligent recommendation technology. The former is based on the A routing algorithm to search the shortest path, and uses Unity for route planning simulation, and the latter is based on collaboration filtering algorithm to discuss the recommendation method of similar parking spaces. The result shows that the prototype of an intelligent parking system based on ZigBee is eventually realized, and the functions of online viewing, online parking reservation, online path planning and parking guidance are realized. As a result, the purpose of managing offline parking spaces through online is achieved, the utilization rate of resources in the existing parking lot is improved and the use rate of parking space is promoted. At last, it effectively alleviates the urban parking chaos and has certain application value.

Research on intelligent parking system algorithm based on camera calibration model

Research on intelligent parking system algorithm based on camera calibration model

Intelligent Parking System based on Cloud using IoT

Intelligent Parking System based on Cloud using IoT

A Survey on IOT based Reduction of greenhouse gas Emission and smart intelligent parking system

A Survey on IOT based Reduction of greenhouse gas Emission and smart intelligent parking system

A Survey on Intelligent Car Parking System for Smart Cities

The primary goal of the intelligent parking systems is to find, allocate, and reserve the ‘best’ available car parking lot for a user who is driving a car in a particular area, and to provide him/her with navigation instructions for reaching this lot.

Prototype of Parking Finder Application for Intelligent Parking System

This paper explains the design and fabrication of an intelligent, user-friendly parking system developed in the United Arab Emirates. The need for a smart parking system was assessed by conducting a survey on the current parking issues. This paper elaborates on the hardware and software realization of the proposed parking system developed for motorists to locate vacant parking using mobile application. The various types of vehicle detection sensors available in the market have been evaluated for the implementation of the system. The main objective of this paper is to build a prototype intelligent parking system with maximum accuracy. The goal of the project was to control the detection modules wirelessly through a customized mobile application, allowing ease of operation and maintenance. While the users can enjoy better comfort and safety, the focus is to create a self-reliable, and ecologically sustainable system while reducing searching time, fuel wastage resulting in lower carbon footprint. The mobile application has been developed using Android Studio, and the results are presented in this paper.

The Intelligent Parking System Based on ZigBee Technology Research and Design

With the development of economy, people living standard rise, the necessary traffic tools in the private cars as showing a strong growth trend, the resulting traffic problems become more and more serious, mainly urban area parking management technology still is not high, generally lead to the parking management difficult problem is also growing. So in order to improve the management of the parking lot, improve the efficiency of parking, parking management system, the author of this paper in the entrance guard recognition and parking monitoring problems put forward a design scheme of intelligent parking management system, the scheme comprehensive utilization of the Internet of things (RFID) and Zigbee wireless sensor technology, the system has simple structure, low cost, and expected results have been achieved in the lab, can make the car into the designated parking space.

An Intelligent Parking System for Vehicles Using an Image-based Fuzzy Controller

An Intelligent Parking System for Vehicles Using an Image-based Fuzzy Controller

Dynamic pricing and reservation for intelligent urban parking management

Despite rapid advances of information technologies for intelligent parking systems, it remains a challenge to optimally manage limited parking resources in busy urban neighborhoods. In this paper, we use dynamic location-dependent parking pricing and reservation to improve system-wide performance of an intelligent parking system. With this system, the parking agency is able to decide the spatial and temporal distribution of parking prices to achieve a variety of objectives, while drivers with different origins and destinations compete for limited parking spaces via online reservation. We develop a multi-period non-cooperative bi-level model to capture the complex interactions among the parking agency and multiple drivers, as well as a non-myopic approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach to solve the model. It is shown with numerical examples that the ADP-based pricing policy consistently outperforms alternative policies in achieving greater performance of the parking system, and shows reliability in handling the spatial and temporal variations in parking demand.

A Novel IoT-aware Smart Parking System based on the integration of RFID and WSN technologies

Enabling a sustainable mobility is one of primary goals of the so-called Smart Cities vision, and in this perspective, the deployment of intelligent parking systems represents a key aspect. This paper presents a novel IoT-aware Smart Parking System based on the jointly use of different technologies, such as RFID, WSN, NFC, and mobile. It is able to collect, in real time, both environmental parameters and information about the occupancy state of parking spaces. To reduce the overall system costs, the possibility to use a solar RFID tag as cars’ detection system has been analyzed. The system allows drivers to reach the nearest vacant parking spot and to pay for the parking fee, by using a customized mobile application. Furthermore, a software application based on RESTful Java and Google Cloud Messaging technologies has been installed on a CS in order to manage alert events. A proof-of-concept has been defined to demonstrate that the proposed solution is able to satisfy real requirements of an innovative Smart Parking System, while preliminary analysis of solar tag usage investigates the feasibility of the proposed detection solution.

The design of the intelligent parking system for urban business districts

A parking management system needs to be designed to improve the efficiency of the management of parking lots in urban business districts that witness difficult parking. In this paper, the overall design of an intelligent parking system is expounded, the architecture of which includes the PXA270 master control platform, ZigBee network, the remote communication section and Android software; the LCD interface circuit is stated and the design philosophy for the analogue camera circuit is described. Meanwhile, the functions of the parking-space detection module and the vehicle identification unit are explained, and the structure diagram of the software in the intelligent parking system is put forward. Also, the design philosophies for the gate control unit and the GPRS communication program are expounded, a detailed definition of the control frame of the gate module is given, the flow charts of the parking-space status detection procedure and the vehicle identification procedure are presented, and the server of the Android system and the software design for the client are described. Furthermore, the flow chart of the network communication thread is put forward, in which data is transferred between the server and the client, the interface design for the intelligent parking system is realized, the display of the system’s main interface is presented, and the parking-space reservation interface and the function of entry guiding animation are realized.

Cooperative Model for Idle Traffic Optimisation

The growth trend and the trend of population migration into city centres, as well as the continuous increase in the number of motor vehicles cause traffic jams and congestions in most major cities in the world. In order to eliminate the problems caused by the circling in search of available parking space, i.e. by the congestion, different methods and approaches are implemented. First of all, these are the appropriate strategies and policies that are made in order to regulate the existing situation and to demotivate the arrival of part of the population in the city centre, which does not represent a necessity. Another way to eliminate the above problem, which is the most emphasized in this paper, is represented by the intelligent parking systems. Intelligent parking systems are used to guide the driver to the available parking space and to provide information on the characteristics of it. Normally, they are also used for parking reservation and payment, but in most cases they were related exclusively to closed parking lots and garages. With the technological progress and the development of intelligent sensors it has become possible even to control street parking spaces, which is especially emphasized in this paper. Also, an advanced model of guidance to available parking spaces using a cooperative approach is proposed. The simulation model presenting the advantages of this system compared to the classical approach, which are also highlighted in this paper, is developed.