In order to improve the effect of intelligent financial processing and decision-making, this paper combines the artificial intelligence-assisted decision support system to construct an intelligent financial processing system. Based on the RBF neural network, this paper studies a fast decision-making algorithm based on short-term efficiency in an adaptive burst communication system. The trained RBF neural network can make quick decisions according to the parameters such as the electromagnetic environment information obtained by perception, and has good communication anti-interference ability, good fault tolerance ability and certain generalization ability. Moreover, this paper designs a channel-associated signaling transmission mechanism for adaptive burst communication system, and constructs an intelligent financial processing system based on artificial intelligence-assisted decision support system. The simulation results show that the intelligent decision-making model in this paper has a certain practical effect in the simulation.