Intelligent Contract Research Articles

Adoption of Blockchain Technology for ASCM Solution: A Systematic Literature Review

With the global population projected to exceed 10.9 billion by 2100, agriculture faces significant strain. One approach to alleviate this pressure is through the use of blockchain technology, which could improve the traceability and transparency of agricultural products. This study investigates blockchain’s characteristics, advantages, and challenges to determine its suitability for agricultural supply chain management (ASCM). The methodology involved selecting keywords and conducting searches for papers published between 2017-2021 across multiple scholarly databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, Cross Ref, Science Direct, and Emerald Insight. The PRISMA method was employed for the literature review, resulting in the analysis of 91 papers. The analysis identified the top ten most commonly discussed blockchain characteristics. Findings suggest that blockchain technology offers advantages such as increased operational efficiency, enhanced management data transparency, intelligent contract management, and mitigation of fraud, errors, and financial losses in ASCM. However, blockchain adoption faces challenges including regulatory hurdles, stakeholder relationships, data ownership, scalability issues, and knowledge gaps. This study contributes to the understanding of blockchain's potential in ASCM and underscores the importance of addressing these challenges for its effective implementation.

The Enablers and Interdependencies of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management: Evidence From Luxury Products

ABSTRACTBlockchain is a technology that combines a set of properties to guarantee network security, transparency, and visibility, including a decentralized structure, distributed notes and storage mechanism, consensus algorithm, intelligent contracts, and asymmetric encryption. Supply chain management activities, including supply chain management provenance, business process reengineering, and security enhancement, have enormous potential to be transformed by blockchain. This research uses the integrated interpretive structural modeling–cross‐impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (ISM‐MICMAC) technique to ascertain the hierarchical relationships and to comprehend the severity of interrelationships among various components in tackling our research questions. In MICMAC analysis, the enablers were classified into four categories based on their dependence and driving powers. The combined ISM‐MICMAC methodology employed for this study relies on experts’ individual evaluations and subjective assessments. Therefore, even with extreme caution, it is impossible to guarantee that the results are entirely devoid of personal biases. To further validate the linkages discovered in this study, we suggest employing more multiple‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methodologies and comparing the results with those of our research. Another method for confirming the results of the current study is to use an empirical research design based on survey methods.

Leveraging technology for improved contract management in the energy sector

Effective contract management is critical for the energy sector, where complex agreements and regulatory requirements demand precision and oversight. Leveraging technology for improved contract management can transform how energy companies manage their contracts, enhancing efficiency, compliance, and strategic alignment. This paper explores the impact of technological advancements on contract management processes in the energy sector, emphasizing digital solutions and automation. The energy sector deals with multifaceted contracts involving various stakeholders, including suppliers, contractors, regulatory bodies, and customers. Traditional contract management methods, often characterized by manual processes and paper-based documentation, are prone to errors, delays, and inefficiencies. Technology, particularly contract lifecycle management (CLM) software, offers comprehensive solutions to these challenges by digitizing and automating contract management processes. CLM software facilitates the entire contract lifecycle, from drafting and negotiation to execution and renewal. These platforms provide centralized repositories for all contract documents, ensuring easy access and retrieval. Advanced features such as automated alerts and notifications for key dates and obligations help companies stay compliant with contractual and regulatory requirements, reducing the risk of penalties and legal disputes. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities integrated into CLM solutions enable intelligent contract analysis and risk assessment. AI-driven tools can extract critical data from contracts, identify potential risks, and suggest mitigative actions. This predictive insight enhances decision-making, allowing energy companies to proactively address issues before they escalate. Blockchain technology also holds significant potential for contract management in the energy sector. Smart contracts, enabled by blockchain, offer a secure and transparent way to automate contractual obligations. These self-executing contracts reduce the need for intermediaries and enhance trust among parties, ensuring that terms are met efficiently and without dispute. In addition to these technologies, cloud-based platforms offer scalability and flexibility, allowing energy companies to manage contracts remotely and collaboratively. This is particularly beneficial in an industry where projects span multiple locations and jurisdictions. In conclusion, leveraging technology for contract management in the energy sector results in streamlined processes, improved compliance, and enhanced strategic alignment. By adopting digital solutions and automation, energy companies can mitigate risks, reduce costs, and drive operational efficiency, ultimately contributing to their sustainability and competitiveness in a rapidly evolving market. Keywords: Leveraging, Technology, Energy Sector, Contract Management, Improved.

Designing an Intelligent Contract with Communications and Risk Data

Contract automation is a challenging topic within Artificial Intelligence and LegalTech. From digitised contracts via smart contracts, we are heading towards Intelligent Contracts (iContracts). We will address the main challenge of iContracts: the handling of communications and risk data in contract automation. Our Research Question reads: to what extent is it possible to develop an ontology that automates contracts with communications and risk data? The article designs and conceptualises an iContract ontology. Our findings validate the conceptual expressiveness of our ontology. A brief discussion highlights the value of the ontology design and its application domains. From the results, we may conclude that the current method is innovative and that further research is necessary for handling more complex use cases.

Blockchain Technology for Supply Chain Management: Enhancing Transparency and Efficiency

The innovation of blockchain technologies into supply chain management is incremental by nature, attending to waste aspects and issues that are very old within SCM. As such, this reflection seeks to highlight the multifaceted benefits of blockchain in enhancing simplicity, traceability, security, and efficiency within supply chains. Blockchain provides a decentralized, permanent system of record that allows trust and honesty between partners; all valuable information is recorded in an imperishable way. Moreover, intelligent contracts mechanize some forms involved in supply chains, such as the processing of payments and inventory management, which reduces to a large extent not only regulatory costs but also human error. The high level of security measures is ensured by blockchain’s ability to encrypt this data and thus ensure information availability in case of sophisticated cyber threats. Such improvement in security reduces extortion and tampering, providing a more secure supply chain. This innovation further simplifies the administrative compliance, providing an accessible, verifiable record of each exchange. Not only this, but it also offers a way to verify whether material sources and technical support standards meet prevailing standards, thereby promoting brand identity to customers for the brand marked on a product and enhancing customer trust in a brand.

Application of Blockchain Technology in Coal Mine Waste Treatment

With the sustainable development of coal mine industry, coal mine garbage disposal has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of the industry. In order to meet this challenge, this paper analyzes how blockchain technology provides a new solution for coal mine garbage disposal. Through the introduction of blockchain technology, the comprehensive monitoring and transparent management of coal mine garbage disposal process are realized, and the treatment efficiency and credibility are significantly improved. Specifically, blockchain technology is used for data recording and traceability, ensuring the authenticity and traceability of garbage disposal information; The application of intelligent contract realizes the automation and intelligence of processing flow, reduces human intervention and improves processing efficiency; At the same time, combined with the incentive mechanism, the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in garbage disposal has been stimulated. In the future, blockchain technology will be integrated with other advanced technologies to promote the intelligence and efficiency of coal mine garbage disposal and contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development.

Evolution of blockchain accounting literature from the perspective of CiteSpace (2013–2023)

Against the backdrop of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the advantages of blockchain technology in traceability, transparency, safety improvement, and efficiency improvement have made it possible to reduce the work of accounting personnel by 50 %, thus saving billions of dollars for global companies by combining this technology with accounting. However, the blockchain technology associated with accounting is in the experimental stage and has several problems to be solved including limited data processing capacity, information confidentiality, and regulatory difficulties. This innovation and progress in science and technology has provided more abundant, efficient, and professional technical support for the research of blockchain accounting documents. Among these advances, CiteSpace software has promoted the development of blockchain and accounting in the direction of visualization, comprehensiveness, security, and relevance. In this study, we used the knowledge map drawn by CiteSpace to search the core Blockchain Accounting database from 2013 to 2023 on the Web of Science (WoS). We obtained 1414 documents measured according to co-citation analysis, log-likelihood ratio (LLR) network clustering, co-occurrence keywords, and emergent time zone diagram method. We analyzed and summarized the important documents, research keywords, key research fields, and knowledge evolution related to "blockchain accounting" by network, literature integration, and popular research topics. We found that adopting blockchain technology in accounting information systems is expected to improve recordkeeping and reporting. Blockchain, as an innovative technology, provides a tamper-proof, traceable, and shareable platform for accounting information by using a distributed ledger system. By implementing blockchain, artificial intelligence can improve safety, transparency, and accuracy, and also may completely change the way we manage financial records. With its ability to improve overall efficiency and reduce errors, blockchain technology may change our familiar accounting methods. In addition, blockchain technology, intelligent contract, artificial intelligence, the Internet, information systems, and supply chain are the most important keywords, while blockchain technology, intelligent contract, and artificial intelligence are important components of blockchain accounting knowledge system. This research provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of the crucial contribution of blockchain to the accounting field.

Research on evolutionary game of digital twin data information sharing based on blockchain technology

Due to the significant characteristics of decentralization and tamper resistance of blockchain technology, it helps to solve the problems of timeliness and slow permission control in traditional information sharing. However, most researchers are committed to exploring how to improve the efficiency, reliability, and privacy security of digital twin data. There is a lack of research on issues such as blockchain participants free-riding and not actively participating in information sharing, and how to promote information sharing through incentives. Therefore, this paper designs a distance grouping based practical byzantine fault tolerance consensus algorithm to address the credibility issue of transmitted data, thereby improving the efficiency of negotiation. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified through cases analysis. In addition, for the problem of low subjective willingness of information sharing, this paper designs an information sharing incentive strategy based on blockchain intelligent contracts, establishes digital twin data sharing evolutionary game models with reputation incentives and non-reputation incentives, so as to explore the impact of reputation incentive on evolutionary stability strategies. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted on the evolutionary game model of digital twin data sharing. The impact of several key indicators such as data complementarity, trust, positive incentive coefficient, and data sharing cost on the evolution process of information sharing are considered, and corresponding management insights are obtained.

Intelligent Contracts and the Principle of Contractual Freedom: A Classical Legal Examination in the Era of Emerging Technologies

The development of smart contract technology has garnered widespread attention in the legal field. This study, rooted in the principle of contractual freedom, delves into the impact of smart contract technology on the expression of parties' free will and analyzes the challenges it poses to legal rules and practices. Through a comparative analysis of smart contracts and traditional contracts, this research reveals the advantages of smart contracts in terms of contract design, execution efficiency, and transparency. While smart contract technology brings innovative changes to contract law, it necessitates profound reflections within the legal community and legal practice on how to strike a balance between free will and technological developments.

Research on the Construction of Intelligent Contract Mortgage System for Enterprise Financial Risk Control based on Blockchain Technology and Information Disclosure Theory

Research on the Construction of Intelligent Contract Mortgage System for Enterprise Financial Risk Control based on Blockchain Technology and Information Disclosure Theory

FCA-VBN: Fog computing-based authentication scheme for 5G-assisted vehicular blockchain network

Emerging technology known as intelligent transportation systems allows for seamless two-way communication between moving vehicles and stationary infrastructure. Therefore, core security services in a vehicular network consist of encrypting and trusting information packets for intra- and inter-vehicle systems. However, conventional reconciliation methods incur high communication costs and security risks, and channel imperfection causes important extraction disparities. For a 5G-enabled vehicular blockchain network, we suggested a novel fog computing-based authentication approach for the 5G-assisted vehicular blockchain network (FCA-VBN) scheme, which incorporated fog computing and secure authentication to address these issues. The FCA-VBN scheme employs a channel stage response instituted private key extraction technique for terminal key agreement. Using the blockchain’s immutability and memorability, the novelty of this paper is that it shows how the intelligent contract could be utilized to build and issue the link among the fog server and the node’s data through a transaction. When it comes to message authenticity and integrity, conditional privacy protection, and unlinkability, we demonstrated that the proposed FCA-VBN system is safe and secure. We also spoke about how resistant the method is to various assaults. Ultimately, we theoretically analyzed the suggested FCA-VBN scheme’s achievement on a wide range of metrics, such as computation and communication costs and power usage, to arrive at a comprehensive evaluation.

Analysis on the Thinking Innovation of Ideological and Political Education Based on the Theory of Blockchain in the Information Age

Abstract Blockchain is the systematic integration innovation of distributed accounting, consensus mechanisms, point-to-point transmission, encryption algorithms, intelligent contracts and other technologies, providing a solution for information security and social trust in the Information Age. The principles, characteristics and deep thinking of Blockchain technology can promote thinking innovation and solve the existing obstacles, including the weak effectiveness of education activities, the burnout of education subjects and the lack of mutual trust in the field of ideological and political education. This paper focuses on analyzing the expanded application of Blockchain theory in ideological and political education. The fit of blockchain technology application of educational thinking innovation and value orientation is 0.928; there is a linear relationship, and after applying blockchain technology for one year, the difference between the students’ thinking tendencies and the six aspects of their performance, except for the desire for knowledge, is statistically significant (P<0.5) when compared with the situation of the students one year ago. In addition, it is emphasized that we should build Learn Ledger, promote the participation degree of education subjects, establish a new interactive trust mechanism and intensify endogenous incentives to promote the deep transformation of ideological and political education, enhance the effectiveness of educational content, expand the participation in educational activities, and strengthen the multi-subject trust-relationship reconstruction of ideological and political education.

Framework Design of Blockchain Intelligent Technology for Chinese Language Teaching Management System

In order to solve the problems of security and efficiency in Chinese teaching and management, this paper uses the intelligent technology of block chain to achieve this goal. First of all, this project intends to use block chain technology for distributed storage to solve the problems of data tampering and embezzlement in the traditional system. Secondly, through the design of intelligent contract to standardize the management of system operation, enhance the real-time and fairness of the interactive process. In addition, the distributed authentication technology is adopted to ensure the integrity of the user's identity and the clarity of the information. Finally, the safety evaluation 8.68 and the efficiency evaluation 8.65 are given, which proves that the proposed method is effective.

Research on the Application of Blockchain Technology in the Carbon Trading Market of Substations

Abstract This study examines the entire lifecycle carbon emissions from the construction of substations, emphasizing the demand response from the carbon emission trading market. We use blockchain technology to establish an intelligent contract framework to manage and control substation configurations within digital substations’ physical environments. Based on Blockchain, a regional substation intelligent control model is developed to facilitate optimal decision-making in the carbon trading market. Simulation analyses reveal that adjustments in capacity to 150MW can enhance the peak range from 041.2% to 042.0%, indicating a 0.8% improvement in efficiency. Additionally, this research assesses the carbon emission savings, correlating the volume of carbon transactions to the verification time, particularly noting a significant increase in time cost within the first 200 transactions. This paper contributes to understanding how digital technologies can optimize carbon emissions management and energy savings in substation construction.

Intelligent Chain: A Safer Decision-Making Framework with Blockchain-Based Incentives

Many strategies use ML algorithms for intelligent IDS as part of the development of IoT security. These algorithms are quite susceptible to being manipulated to provide biased results. A variety of contradictory threats are constantly present throughout the use of ML, such as the erroneous poisoning of learning data sets or the alteration of model parameters. So, in this post, we’ve suggested a blockchain-based approach to using intelligent contracts to secure the decision-making process of the learning model. We will dissect decision-making functions based on the categorization of SVM and MLP on the chain for a more comprehensive Blockchain integration.

Research on the sharing platform of college instructional resources based on blockchain technology

The integration of instructional resources in colleges is gradually entering the innovation era from electronic and information technology. A new issue that has emerged is the storage and reading of electronic instructional resources in colleges. Additionally, with the rapid development of blockchain technology, its use in numerous fields has burgeoned. In the information management field, confidential and reliable technologies are still needed to help manage resource storage. Blockchain, which is immutable and untrusted, can be well applied in the establishment of an educational resource sharing platform in universities. The main focus of this paper is as follows: first, to analyze and compare the three educational resource sharing systems proposed by Chinese scholars, enumerate the main contents and functions of each system, compare and analyze the differences of the three systems, and secondly, to put forward the construction framework of a new educational resource sharing platform according to the disadvantages still existing in the three systems. The paper also explores the research on college instructional resource sharing platforms using blockchain. It uses blockchain techniques to build an educational resource sharing system, provides a reliable platform with high security and traceability through intelligent contract technology, and connects user groups through "alliance chain + private chain". Its aim is to facilitate efficient use by users of different levels. The advantages of using blockchain technology to construct a sharing platform for university educational resources have practical significance in further promoting educational informatization.

Institutional innovation essence and knowledge innovation goal of intellectual property law in the big data era

This work aims to expand the understanding on the nature of institutional innovation and the goal of knowledge innovation of intellectual property (IP) law in the era of big data (BD) and to avoid the risks of information security in the IP service system. On the basis of the era of BD, the nature of institutional innovation and the goal of knowledge innovation in IP law are systematically discussed. Combined with smart contract (SC) technology, an IP service system based on blockchain technology is designed to ensure the security of IP services. The SC is optimized from the perspective of concurrency, and the contract transactions (CTs) are clustered. Moreover, considering the execution time (ET) and available resources of CTs, a speculative concurrency control algorithm that can realize intelligent contract scheduling is proposed. On the basis of the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) algorithm, a policy-updatable attribute encryption algorithm is designed. The improved CP-ABE algorithm includes six steps: system initialization, attribute private key generation, encryption, decryption, ciphertext policy generation, and ciphertext policy update. The identity parameter of the traceability manager is introduced into the improved CP-ABE scheme, which significantly increases the amount of computation of bilinear mapping, thus resulting in the time cost of encryption and decryption being approximately 350 ms and 300 ms higher than that of the CP-ABE scheme. Using the technical mode of “blockchain + SC,” the design of the IP service system is realized, which has important reference value for the institutional innovation of IP law.

A Trustable and Secure Usage-Based Insurance Policy Auction Mechanism and Platform Using Blockchain and Smart Contract Technologies.

This study presents an architectural framework for the blockchain-based usage-based insurance (UBI) policy auction mechanism in the internet of vehicles (IoV) applications. The main objective of this study is to analyze and design the specific blockchain architecture and management considerations for the UBI environment. An auction mechanism is developed for the UBI blockchain platform to enhance consumer trust. The study identifies correlations between driving behaviors and associated risks to determine a driver's score. A decentralized bidding algorithm is proposed and implemented on a blockchain platform using elliptic curve cryptography and first-price sealed-bid auctions. Additionally, the model incorporates intelligent contract functionality to prevent unauthorized modifications and ensure that insurance prices align with the prevailing market value. An experimental study evaluates the system's efficacy by expanding the participant pool in the bidding process to identify the winning bidder and is investigated under scenarios where varying numbers of insurance companies submit bids. The experimental results demonstrate that as the number of insurance companies increases exponentially, the temporal overhead incurred by the system exhibits only marginal growth. Moreover, the allocation of bids is accomplished within a significantly abbreviated timeframe. These findings provide evidence that supports the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Revolutionizing legal and business processes of the digital age using blockchain technology

Blockchain technology has transcended its origins in cryptocurrency and is now poised to transform various aspects of the legal and business landscape by implementing smart contracts. Smart contracts, which operate on blockchain networks and are self-executing, programmable contracts, have the potential to completely change how agreements are made, carried out, and enforced. In order to shed light on their benefits, drawbacks, and potential future ramifications, this article examines the development of blockchain-based intelligent contracts and their influence on legal and corporate procedures. Traditional methods of managing and carrying out contracts are frequently time consuming, expensive, and prone to disagreements. Blockchain technology's smart contracts provide a decentralized, automated, and impenetrable means of drafting, carrying out, and upholding contracts. This article explains how smart contracts can streamline processes across multiple industries, including finance, real estate, supply chain management, and intellectual property by carefully exploring the technological foundations and real-world use cases of smart contracts. Smart contracts' potential societal and economic effects, such as decreased transaction costs, increased effectiveness, and improved. This article promotes interdisciplinary study and collaboration among legal scholars, technologists, and business professionals to fully realize the promise of blockchain-based intelligent contracts. It ends by imagining a time when smart time when smart contracts are fully incorporated into daily life, revolutionizing the way contracts are established and carried out in the digital age.

Challenges Faced by Agricultural Supply Chain Finance under Blockchain Application

With the rise of Internet finance and big data, blockchain technology is expected to propose solutions to the challenges faced by agricultural supply chain finance in recent years. This paper will study the problems of food and safety and the low level of technology in rural areas through literature research. There is a gap between China's grain production rate and that of developed countries. Because of its decentralization and precise traceability characteristics, blockchain technology helps to build a distinctive regulatory and accountability system for food and agricultural safety in China. At the same time, blockchain technology with intelligent contract can effectively simplify the business process of agricultural supply chain finance, and reduce the threshold and cost of rural technology promotion, and increase security because of its features that cannot be changed artificially. It can be seen that the blockchain has practical significance to the challenges faced agricultural supply chain finance.