Intelligence Capacity Research Articles

Procedural Democracy and Electronic Agents

In recent years, firms offering political campaigning and fundraising services have claimed that artificial intelligence is used to maximize their clients' interests. Numerous news reports suggest that artificial intelligence capacities have influenced high‐profile voting events; publications decrying the threat posed to democratic procedures are proliferating. This article takes a skeptical view of such claims, with an argument in six sections. First, the received principles of procedural democracy in relation to voting events are outlined. Second, the kind of services in question are considered. Third, to what extent these services actually involve artificial intelligence is pondered. Fourth, how such technological capacities may bear upon the tenets of procedural democracy are raised. Fifth, it is argued that it is unlikely that those tenets are indeed significantly undermined in practice. And sixth, this article concludes by considering the implications of it being proven that such technological capacities do play a decisive role in voting events.

La inteligencia emocional como predictor del apoyo social percibido en universitarios españoles

The goal of this research is to analyze the predictive capacity of emotional intelligence on perceived social support. 380 Psychology students completed the Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24, Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS, Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988). Hierarchical regression analyses show that emotional intelligence is a significant predictor of the three dimensions of perceived social support. The importance of a correctly development of the components of emotional intelligence in university students is highlighted in order to increase their perception of social support, which would have an impact on an increase in physical and psychological well-being.

Impact of a model of clinical supervision over the emotional intelligence capacities of nurses

Objective: to analyze the impact of the implementation of a model of clinical supervision over the emotional intelligence capacities of nurses. Methods: mixed methods study. Quantitative data were collected before and after the implementation of the Model, using the scale of Emotional Intelligence Capacities of Nurses; analyses were carried out using descriptive statistics and paired samples were analyzed using the t-test. 47 nurses from one hospital participated. Qualitative data were obtained from the analysis of the discourses of the nurses in a public presentation, using thematic/categorizing content analysis. The findings were integrated at the end to generate the results. Results: no statistically significant differences were found with the implementation of the Model. However, the nurses involved recognized the positive impact of the SafeCare Model in the development of emotional competences. Conclusion: the study contributed for clinical supervision and for the development of emotional competences.

Military integration and intelligence capacity: informational effects of incorporating former rebels

ABSTRACT Military integration seeks to improve counterinsurgency and peacebuilding outcomes by incorporating former rebels into preexisting or new state security forces during or after civil wars. While peacebuilders continue to promote military integration, there is mixed evidence about its effectiveness and the mechanisms through which it affects counterinsurgency and peace duration. One underexplored mechanism is the effect of military integration on intelligence capacity and the information available to security forces. Information is key to successful counterinsurgency and peacebuilding efforts, and I argue that military integration of ex-rebels can improve intelligence capacity by providing gains in knowledge of human and physical geography, access to preexisting social networks and informants, and knowledge of the relative effectiveness of government and rebel tactics. I illustrate these improvements with evidence from conflicts across time and space and brief case narratives from the Philippines, Uganda, and Rwanda. I conclude by discussing policy implications, cases of unsuccessful integration and negative effects on intelligence, and questions for future research on the intelligence aspect of military integration.

"실내암벽등반 체육활동이 유아의 정서지능과 자기조절능력에 미치는 효과"

"실내암벽등반 체육활동이 유아의 정서지능과 자기조절능력에 미치는 효과"

City council and national security: oversight of local counterterrorism and security intelligence

ABSTRACT Following 11 September 2001, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) established and expanded counterterrorism and security intelligence capacities to an extent unprecedented for an American local government. These powers necessitated new legislative oversight responsibilities. While the NYPD’s efforts to address terrorism have received scholarly attention, City Council oversight of those efforts has not. This study helps fill that gap by examining the amount and nature of City Council – specifically the Committee on Public Safety – oversight hearings pertaining to terrorism and its mitigation. It also discusses additional City Council oversight options and needed research directions.

Intersectional AI

Recent literature has demonstrated the limited and, in some instances, waning role of ethical training in computing classes in the US. The capacity for artificial intelligence (AI) to be inequitable or harmful is well documented, yet it's an issue that continues to lack apparent urgency or effective mitigation. The question we raise in this paper is how to prepare future generations to recognize and grapple with the ethical concerns of a range of issues plaguing AI, particularly when they are combined with surveillance technologies in ways that have grave implications for social participation and restriction?from risk assessment and bail assignment in criminal justice, to public benefits distribution and access to housing and other critical resources that enable security and success within society. The US is a mecca of information and computer science (IS and CS) learning for Asian students whose experiences as minorities renders them familiar with, and vulnerable to, the societal bias that feeds AI bias. Our goal was to better understand how students who are being educated to design AI systems think about these issues, and in particular, their sensitivity to intersectional considerations that heighten risk for vulnerable groups. In this paper we report on findings from qualitative interviews with 20 graduate students, 11 from an AI class and 9 from a Data Mining class. We find that students are not predisposed to think deeply about the implications of AI design for the privacy and well-being of others unless explicitly encouraged to do so. When they do, their thinking is focused through the lens of personal identity and experience, but their reflections tend to center on bias, an intrinsic feature of design, rather than on fairness, an outcome that requires them to imagine the consequences of AI. While they are, in fact, equipped to think about fairness when prompted by discussion and by design exercises that explicitly invite consideration of intersectionality and structural inequalities, many need help to do this empathy 'work.' Notably, the students who more frequently reflect on intersectional problems related to bias and fairness are also more likely to consider the connection between model attributes and bias, and the interaction with context. Our findings suggest that experience with identity-based vulnerability promotes more analytically complex thinking about AI, lending further support to the argument that identity-related ethics should be integrated into IS and CS curriculums, rather than positioned as a stand-alone course.

What Influences Successful Communication? An Examination of Cognitive Load and Individual Differences

ABSTRACT The underlying cognitive mechanisms explaining why speakers sometimes make communication errors are not well understood. Some scholars have theorized that audience design engages automatic processes when a listener is present; others argue that it relies on effortful resources, even if a listener is present. We hypothesized that working memory is engaged during communicative audience design and that the extent to which working memory is engaged relies on individual differences in cognitive abilities and concurrent amount of resources available. In Experiment 1, participants completed a referential task under high, low, or no cognitive load with a present listener whose perspective differed from the speaker’s. Speakers made few referential errors under no and low load, but errors increased when cognitive load was highest. In Experiment 2, the listener was absent. Speakers made few referential errors under no and low load, but errors increased when cognitive load was highest, suggesting that audience design is still effortful under high cognitive load, both when the listener was present and when the listener was absent. Experiment 3 tested whether cognitive abilities predicted communication performance. Participants with higher fluid intelligence and working memory capacity made fewer communication errors. Our findings suggest that communication relies on available cognitive resources, and therefore errors occur as a function of factors like cognitive load and individual differences.

Learning-Automata-Based Confident Information Coverage Barriers for Smart Ocean Internet of Things

As an emerging network paradigm, the Internet of Things (IoT) which consists of a significant number of multifunctional and heterogeneous IoT nodes has attracted dramatic attentions from both academia and industry. With the merits of intelligent capacity, desirable scalability, and high reliability, the IoT recently has been applied for smart ocean applications to provide protection for ocean environment monitoring and surveillance. Aiming to provide coverage service for ocean border environmental surveillance, this article studies the barrier coverage problem which investigates how to select a collection of IoT nodes to obtain an IoT node chain and build barrier paths to detect intruders and trespassers crossing the border region of interest. To overcome the disadvantages in the existing works on barrier coverage, we adopt a novel and widely adopted confident information coverage (CIC) model as the fundamental coverage model and formulate the CIC barrier path construction (CICBC) problem with the goals of maximizing the number of barrier paths and minimizing the amount of IoT nodes in each barrier path. We propose a distributed CIC barrier path (CICBP) construction approach based on learning automata (CBLA). The CBLA includes four crucial phases which are initialization phase, learning phase, monitoring phase, and repairing phase. Each IoT node equips a learning automaton. CBLA selects an optimal IoT node to construct the barrier path by learning. The simulation results show that the performance of the CBLA algorithm outperforms two peer algorithms in terms of the number of barrier paths and the average number of nodes in each barrier path.

The Protective Association of Trait and Ability Emotional Intelligence with Adolescent Tobacco Use.

The present study is one of the first to analyze the predictive capacity of both trait and ability Emotional Intelligence (EI) based on the Mayer and Salovey model, in relation to tobacco use in a sample of Spanish adolescents. In this study, 799 students between the ages of 12 and 16 participated. A self-report on trait EI, an EI peak performance test, and questions about habits relating to tobacco use were administered. This cross-sectional study developed a quantitative and correlation-type methodology. The main results of the regression analyses, once the sex and age of the participants were controlled, revealed negative associations between the factors of clarity and emotional repair of the trait EI with respect to the variables of tobacco use, and a positive association was found for them and emotional attention. By comparison, with respect to ability EI, emotional perception and understanding were inversely related to adolescent tobacco use. These results underscore the importance of EI skills as protective factors against early initiation and subsequent tobacco abuse.

Constitutional and Legal Status of Artificial Intelligence in Russia: Present and Future

In the paper, the author uses general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition to scrutinize the problems of constitutional and legal regulation of public relations in Russia, related to the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence technology. Based on the results of the research, the author concludes that modern Russian constitutional legislation, even in its current form, makes it possible to regulate the nascent social relations associated with the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence technology. In particular, it is noted that the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation allow for an expanded interpretation of the concept "personality", covering not only a person, but also highly developed artificial intelligence. According to the author, the constitutional and legal status of highly developed artificial intelligence should be based on the image and likeness of the constitutional and legal status of a person. The only exceptions should be the following. First is legal personality, which by its legal nature should be extremely close to the legal personality of bodies and organizations and should arise from the moment the relevant decision is made by the competent state authority. Rights, freedoms and obligations should imply a limited amount of personal rights and freedoms, the complete absence of political and socioeconomic rights. The last exception is the limited passive dispositive capacity of artificial intelligence. In addition, the main element in the structure of the constitutional and legal status of artificial intelligence in Russia should be universal restrictions on its rights and freedoms, which would serve as analogues of natural human physiological restrictions and would not allow artificial intelligence to acquire evolutionary advantages over humans. Thus, the structure of the constitutional and legal status of artificial intelligence as a person can and should in the future look like this: legal personality; rights, freedoms and duties; guarantees that ensure the implementation of rights and freedoms; universal restrictions on rights and freedoms.

Intelligence Capacity and Mass Violence: Evidence From Indonesia

What explains regional variations in the frequency and form of mass categorical violence? I first develop then test, via process tracing, a theory to answer this question. Employing process tracing in Central Java during the 1965–66 Indonesian Killings, I argue that these variations are conditioned by state intelligence capacity. Low intelligence capacity forces troops to rely upon civilian elites for information. This provides opportunities for civilian elites to widen targeting criteria, increasing the number of victims. Due to logistical constraints, security forces are also more likely to opt for lethal violence when they have low intelligence capacity, as they frequently struggle with caring for such large numbers of detainees. I further illustrate these findings by comparing the provinces of West Java and East Java. Data for this project is drawn from diplomatic archives, internal military publications, and a series of interviews with victims and participants in the Indonesian Killings.

The next generation of operations: Evolving beyond data collecting to data quality and analytics - The journey of one financial regulator

Industry participants have long equated firm ‘operations’ with back office, manual processing and data collection functions. Operations in the digital age have expanded and transformed to encompass increasingly complex data management and process improvement functions. Today’s operational professional must maintain technical and business expertise to best utilise and aggregate essential data that enhances a firm’s ability to service its clients, keep up with regulation and remain competitive. Firms feel increasing pressure to abandon their legacy systems and move towards digital systems, including cloud software and services. There is more capacity for machine learning and artificial intelligence that could provide firms with new analytical capacity and decrease the need for more labour intensive, specific programming. As a selfregulatory organisation for the US$4.1 trillion United States municipal securities market, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board faces many of these same operational challenges, and the Board’s journey to join the digital age is not unlike the journeys of those they regulate.

The need to consider the predictive capacity of intelligence and its malleability within design and technology education research

General intelligence is a fundamental human capacity with significant educational implications. However, it is often not considered in educational research despite substantial evidence illustrating its association with positive life outcomes and student’s capacity to learn. There are a number of potential reasons for this including the controversial history of the use of intelligence tests, validity concerns, counter-moral implications associated with equality, lack of related training, and discipline research priorities. Design and technology (D&T) education however presents a subject area where consideration of student’s intelligence appears particularly important. The focus on design provides students with regular variation learning contexts, with a similar phenomenon occurring through the subject areas focus on technology as a result of constant cultural and societal technological advances. However, intelligence is rarely considered within D&T education research. Therefore, this article puts forward an argument and rationale as to why D&T researchers need to give more consideration to the predictive value of general intelligence and its malleability in pertinent research and discusses some implications for intelligence in practice.

A New Calculation of Global Leadership: Post Corona World Order

Global pandemic has largely impacted the world political, economic and cultural phenomena, . breeding many new components. The leadership has also been in a new face, influenced by new indicators along with existing others. This article found the health management capability, environmental viability, HDI index and intelligence capacities as the new components of determining of global leadership along with existing political, economic, cultural and military might. The security paradigm has also been shaped in new face by admitting health threat as the global concern. Collective coordination with an aim to deal global threat like epidemic has been immensely needed. Information sharing, scientific and technological cooperation are newly articulated as the core components of global cooperation. The sign of nationalism, racism, xenophobia has been also rescheduled across the world.

Inteligencia Artificial GPT-3, Pretoria y Oráculos Algorítmicos en el Derecho

El artículo trata sobre el tema de la inteligencia artificial y el aprendizaje automático. Aborda el tema de la superinteligencia y el aprendizaje automático como género. Describe el tema del aprendizaje profundo y los oráculos artificiales. Relaciona la causalidad y la capacidad predictiva de la inteligencia artificial. Indica los primeros resultados de GPT-3, así como su impacto en la ley. Concluye el texto informando el caso PretorIA, con un enfoque en tres dimensiones. Al final, afirma que, a tarea de entrenamiento, a fin de cuentas, modula y condiciona el ejercicio de competencias humanas complementadas con oráculos algorítmicos y asistencia digital.

Sleep Spindle-dependent Functional Connectivity Correlates with Cognitive Abilities.

EEG studies have shown that interindividual differences in the electrophysiological properties of sleep spindles (e.g., density, amplitude, duration) are highly correlated with trait-like "reasoning" abilities (i.e., "fluid intelligence"; problem-solving skills; the ability to employ logic or identify complex patterns), but not interindividual differences in STM or "verbal" intellectual abilities. Previous simultaneous EEG-fMRI studies revealed brain activations time-locked to spindles. Our group has recently demonstrated that the extent of activation in a subset of these regions was related to interindividual differences in reasoning intellectual abilities, specifically. However, spindles reflect communication between spatially distant and functionally distinct brain areas. The functional communication among brain regions related to spindles and their relationship to reasoning abilities have yet to be investigated. Using simultaneous EEG-fMRI sleep recordings and psychophysiological interaction analysis, we identified spindle-related functional communication among brain regions in the thalamo-cortical-BG system, the salience network, and the default mode network. Furthermore, the extent of the functional connectivity of the cortical-striatal circuitry and the thalamo-cortical circuitry was specifically related to reasoning abilities but was unrelated to STM or verbal abilities, thus suggesting that individuals with higher fluid intelligence have stronger functional coupling among these brain areas during spontaneous spindle events. This may serve as a first step in further understanding the function of sleep spindles and the brain network functional communication, which support the capacity for fluid intelligence.

Innovation in the professional practice of lawyers: utilizing the capacity of artificial intelligence

The modern stage of development of society, first of all, is the wide market of digital technologies that covers all new industries of production constantly. This market develops actively, it frontlines of ICT get to other spheres of production and public activity, that predefined by technological sector progress. Such sphere of human activity as jurisprudence it is not an exception.The article covers the lawyer profession problems peculiar to modern Ukraine. The attention of the reader is emphasized on the urgency of introducing innovations into the activity of Ukrainian lawyers, caused by the processes of globalization.

Robots, AI, and Cognitive Training in an Era of Mass Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review

Developing countries world-wide are witnessing historical growth in their elderly populations, and with it, importantly, a steady rise in the number of people experiencing age-related cognitive decline. This reality has the potential to produce an unprecedented strain on affected families, healthcare systems and taxpayers in the very near future. This study: a) examines the present limits and predicted capacity of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as they relate to the various and complex needs of those hoping to optimize the positive benefits of cognitive training, and b) systematically reviews the efficacy of Human Robot Interaction (HRI) as an intervention strategy for elderly individuals confronting cognitive challenges along the spectrum from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Advanced Cognitive Impairment (ACI). The results of this systematic review suggest that, overall, the utilization of humanoid and pet robots, such as NAO and PARO, respectively, produce improvements in cognition and markers of social and emotional health and engagement; however, when embedded with AI with the capacity for Deep Learning the potential of robotic technology to aggressively meet the needs of individuals experiencing age-related cognitive decline will be significant.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE PROJECTS IN TRADE

Introduction. The innovative vector of trade development as a perspective direction of its modernization in the conditions of strengthening of digitalization processes and growth of scale of crisis phenomena is investigated. The concept of "innovation project management" as a promising area of project management is clarified, which allows to generate intellectual added value based on the strengthening of innovation and intellectualization of commercial processes. The growth of the influence of intellectual capital in ensuring the intelligence capacity of innovative projects in trade is proved. The state and dynamics of development of retail trade of Ukraine are analyzed. The tendencies of formation of intellectual property in the part of the submitted applications for certificates for marks for goods and services in Ukraine are estimated. Intellectual reserves have been established to improve the management of innovative projects and revive trade. The subject of the study is the development of intellectual capital and management of innovative projects in trade. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the feasibility of developing intellectual capital in order to improve the management of innovative projects in trade. Method (methodology). In the research a set of general scientific and special methods was used to substantiate the provisions given in the article, in particular: historical-logical - in the study of innovations in trade and development of intellectual capital to improve the management of innovative projects; analysis and synthesis - to assess the state of development of retail trade in Ukraine; comparison and grouping - to systematize the indicators used in the evaluation of intellectual capital in trade; correlation-regression analysis - to predict changes in trade in Ukraine's retail trade and intellectual property; graphic method - for visual presentation of the results of analytical research; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions. Results. Bottlenecks have been identified in increasing the intelligence intensity of innovative projects in trade. Forecast models of changes in the number of submitted applications for certificates for marks for goods and services in Ukraine have been built; dynamics of the volume of trade turnover in retail trade of Ukraine, the share of the volume of trade turnover of food (non-food) goods in the total volume of trade turnover in retail trade of Ukraine. The expediency of strengthening the intellectual component of innovative projects to increase their efficiency, the use of innovative forms of trade organization and its revival in modern conditions is substantiated. Scope of results. The development of intellectual capital in terms of intensifying the process of obtaining certificates for certificates for marks for goods and services, will update the management of innovative projects, increase their intelligence and competitiveness, which will positively affect the recovery of trade.