Intellectual Resources Research Articles

ON SUBSTANTIATING THE NECESSITY OF CREATING AND USE OF CONSENSUS MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE

Based on the analysis of the concept, essence and content of the term «consensus», the article suggests that it is quite appropriate to use it in the processes of practical management of territorial communities of Ukraine, which today urgently need to use innovative principles of public consensus formation in relation to solving the problems of their development. It is demonstrated that the issue of managing the processes of reaching consensus at the basic level of territorial communities of Ukrainian society has not been studied or researched at all. It is proved that the technology of consensus building requires consolidation of intellectual resources of the population of the territorial community, which, in turn, requires professional management based on the intellectualization of personnel and leadership in local self-government bodies. At the same time, the main tool for achieving consensus is the use by leaders and functionaries of the governing body of a constructive dialogue with the population, based on logic and rational assessments of realities, when the parties resolve all issues by coming to a common opinion and common agreement, which raises the problem of increasing the professionalism of governance on the basis of intellectual interaction, analytical thinking and creative approach to the adoption and implementation of management decisions based on the «dictatorship of reason» and the intellectual consensus of the leadership and the population. For this purpose, territorial communities should «...be governed not by the strongest, but by the smartest».

Accounting and analytical support of internal cost control in the health resort institutions

Subject. This article focuses on the development of methodological tools for accounting and analytical support of internal cost control in economic entities of the health resort complex. Objectives. The article aims to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations and detail practical provisions for accounting, control and analytical support of internal control of the costs incurred, confirming the voucher cost and helping minimize the amount of invested financial and intellectual resources. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of grouping, generalization, expert assessments, comparative analysis, classification, factor analysis, and modeling. Results. The article clarifies the concept of Health Resort Service, develops a set of principles that reveals the methodology for the formation of internal management reporting and its structural elements for grouping information, and it offers a variant of regulation of internal cost control. Conclusions and Relevance. The developed multi-component structured model of internal control for analytical assessment and monitoring of costs, determining their compliance with the planned ones, within the framework of the business process Providing a Comprehensive Health Resort Service, is universal for economic entities of the health resort complex, which optimizes control procedures. The key proposals for the formation of methodological approaches to the organization of internal cost control in health resorts can help minimize entrepreneurial risks and increase the efficiency of activities.

Innovation activity of the largest companies in the high-tech sector

Aim. To analyze the specific features of innovation activity of the largest transnational companies of the high-tech sector in order to identify general trends and assess their efficiency.Objectives. To study the expenditures on innovation in Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft and Amazon; to determine the ratio of expenditures on research and development (R&D) to total revenue and the share of innovation in total expenditures; to examine the market capitalization and the share of private investors in the ownership of shares of these companies; to analyze the share of intangible assets in total assets; to assess the intensity of innovation activity by the number of issued patents; to identify the general characteristics of innovative companies-leaders of the high-tech sectorMethods. This study utilizes financial indicators, statistical data and data on patent activity of Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft Corporation and Amazon.Results. The largest high-tech companies achieve improved innovation performance through a combination of understanding customer needs, active participation of management in the research and development program, and the creation of unique products and services based on new technologies. Financial success depends on successfully utilizing existing intellectual resources, creating long-term customer relationships, and fostering the development of human capital within companies. Companies that focus on customer satisfaction and continuously stimulate employee development demonstrate higher innovation performance and ensure commercial success in the market.Conclusions. The comparative analysis of the indicators of the largest transnational companies in the high-tech sector allows us to assess the efficiency of innovation activity, as well as to identify the key factors contributing to their sustainable development in a highly competitive market.

A fuzzy approach to determining antecedents to green cosmetic consumption in India

PurposeHeightened public concerns for the global environment due to human overexploitation have given rise to many green product initiatives by businesses. Green cosmetics (GC) are products developed and marketed based on ecological sustainability and have shown increasing consumer appeal worldwide. The current research investigates the antecedents of green cosmetics consumption among Indian GC users, hitherto un-investigated comprehensively.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a cross-sectional pairwise comparison of green evaluation criteria for cosmetics using an expert panel of thirty Indian cosmetic users using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) and investigate the impact of a comprehensive list of antecedents on the multi-criteria category consumption decision.FindingsThe study results indicate that perceived consumer effectiveness is the most critical factor for green cosmetics consumption in India, followed by brand trust, behavioural control, and environmental effectiveness. The least important factors are price and social norms.Research limitations/implicationsAs the GC category is at nascent stage in India the investigation is limited to the GC category innovators – a set of people high in intellectual and financial resources. The study is also limited to women users as the male cosmetic market in the country is still very small.Practical implicationsThe study results can help marketers in designing and implementing GC related marketing strategies to deliver higher customer value to the target segment. Academicians can use the study results for better prediction of category related behaviour of consumers.Social implicationsThe study results will help promote GC category adoption and usage which can benefit the environment and consumer health.Originality/valueThe study contributes to literature and practice by assessing a comprehensive set of critical antecedents to GC adoption using a novel approach of F-AHP and an expert user panel. The study results offer insights to marketers that can be used to develop suitable strategies to convert non-GC users into GCs in India and similar markets, improving category penetration and benefitting marketers, retailers, users, and the environment.

Анализ размещения экономических ресурсов в субъектах Российской Федерации на основе применения современных ГИС

Effective management, control, supervision and coordination, of the activities of various ministries and departments are impossible without up-to-date and reliable information. With the help of geoinformation systems, it is possible to carry out work on the creation of general plans of settlements, the development of project documentation, the planning of investment sites, the emergence of legal and illegal construction, the creation of territorial planning schemes, and much more. The article aims to study the allocation of economic resources in the subjects of the Russian Federation based on the use of modern geoinformation systems. A special feature of the study is the macro-regional section, which corresponds to the modern strategic approach to the spatial development of Russia. To assess the distribution of allocated economic resources and the formation of layers (natural resources, labor force, intellectual resources, and entrepreneurial abilities) of the spatial framework of Russia, metrics based on existing geoinformation systems were developed. The research methodology was the theoretical comparison of data, analogy, concretization, generalization, classification, and formalization. The analysis of the allocation of economic resources in federal entities of the Russian Federation based on the use of modern geoinformation systems is carried out on the basis of the following tools: concretization, analysis, schematization through control panels, and sociometry. The key aspects characteristic of modern geoinformation systems, which act as a modern way of analyzing and displaying information based on the use of spatial data, are analyzed. A limited typology of geoinformation systems is presented, which shows the spatial framework of use, the completeness of reflection, and the functional structure of this process. As a result of the synthesis of the layers formed, the regions of concentration of various types of economic resources and potential reference regions of the spatial framework of the Russian economy were identified. The results obtained allow us to identify areas for improvement in the spatial organization of the Russian economy, contribute to the effectiveness growth of the state policy of regional development, and expand the scientific and methodological base for assessment and shaping other spatial layers of the economy.

The Archive as a Battlefield for the Future: Anti-colonial Struggles and Insurgent Temporality

Anti-fascist, anti-colonial, and anti-imperial struggles of the twentieth century provide important intellectual and political resources as we collectively seek to forge alternative futures in the face of our depleted political present. Setting out with this analytical and political concern, this article is interested in the question of what it means to visit the archive of past struggles and past insurgencies. It argues for a critical historical method that foregrounds the agency of the insurgents themselves—the agency of women, slaves, foreigners, the poor and the peasants—as the subjects of an insurgent universality (Tomba 2019). The article explores the international brigades fighting the fascists during the Spanish Civil War, the peasants gathered to affirm the Second Havana Declaration, and the audience that comprised Thomas Sankara's speech in Harlem. The artifacts of insurgency, the authors suggest, are embodied expressions of collective struggles written not by one but by a multiplicity. They are the artifacts of a collective political subjectivity united in their insurgent claim to disrupt the temporal and spatial delimitations of politics in modernity—enacting an insurgent universality. The archive of insurgent universality is our future for it provides compelling ways to think, write, and act politically toward the present.

Integration of knowledge management processes into a dynamic organizational environment

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of intellectual resources in the form of knowledge bases on the sustainable development of organizations. In today's world, where Knowledge is a key resource for success, the integration of Knowledge Management becomes an important component to ensure organizational competitiveness. The study emphasizes that successful implementation of artificial intelligence and knowledge bases requires not only technological solutions but also cultural changes within organizations, particularly in the areas of learning culture and collaboration. The authors of the article investigate the processes of acquisition, combination, and protection of Knowledge as key components of organizational sustainable development. They point out that the ability to acquire and combine Knowledge allows organizations to realize their potential in value creation. Knowledge Management is presented as a strategic component aimed at increasing productivity and competitiveness. The article discusses higher-order capabilities, such as adaptability, absorptive capacity, and innovation capacity, which affect the ability of organizations to respond to changes in the external environment. The algorithm for Knowledge utilization in organizations describes a comprehensive intellectual platform for managing and optimizing processes in the dynamic organizational environment. The Knowledge Management system includes managed and managing components, where the managed system reflects current parameters and information, while the managing system provides data storage, learning, and ontological knowledge base. The ontological knowledge base includes a set of concepts, semantic relationships, interpretation function, and axioms. Knowledge base updates occur depending on changes in time and the addition of new concepts, relationships, and axioms. Generalized ER-diagrams illustrate the structure and interaction of the learning module with the results used to update the Knowledge base. The algorithm allows you to analyze the state of the system and make optimal decisions based on the accumulated Knowledge.

How do work-family practices influence employee work-family conflict? Moderations of commitment-based HRM and human capital

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify the relationship between organizational work-family practices and employee work-family conflict in light of the boundary conditions of commitment-based human resource management (HRM) and employee human capital.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for a multi-source, multi-level design and surveyed 1,717 individuals (including CEOs, HR managers and employees) from 159 firms in China. The model was tested using hierarchical linear modeling.FindingsThe paper provides empirical insights that the effect of work-family practices on work-family conflict is indispensably dependent on the adoption of commitment-based HRM. In addition, employee human capital further moderated this interaction in that the effect of work-family practices on reducing work-family conflict was most salient with high-education employees who were embedded in a high-commitment HRM system.Research limitations/implicationsTesting the hypotheses in the Chinese context has both its merits and drawbacks. Specific results are pursuant to the Chinese context. Therefore, a cross-cultural comparative study is called upon.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for organizations striving to minimize employee work-family conflict.Originality/valueThis paper primarily applies the resource-building perspective to examine the synergistic effects of organizational resources (targeting work-family practices together with general commitment-based HRM) and individual intellectual resources (human capital) on employee work family conflict.

INTELLECTUAL INFLUENCE CAPITAL ON PERFORMANCE FINANCE WITH STRATEGY BUSINESS AS MODERATION (Empirical Study of Companies Food Sector Manufacturing And Drinks Listed on the IDX Year 2019 – 2021)

The aim of this research is to identify the impact of intellectual capital on financialperformance by considering business strategy as a moderating factor. In this research, the populationused is manufacturing companies operating in the food and beverage sector listed on the IndonesiaStock Exchange from 2019-2021. For sampling, this research used a purposive sampling technique,where 16 food and drink samples were selected that met predetermined criteria. This research usesSPSS 21. In this research, moderated regression analysis is used. The results of data analysis show thatintellectual capital does not have a direct significant influence on financial performance, but theinfluence of intellectual capital on financial performance can be moderated with the help of businessstrategy. Therefore, companies must identify intellectual resources and build a moderate businessstrategy

Strategy for developing human resources potential of Russian Railways

The article studies the human resources potential concept and its development on the example of Russian Railways, one of the largest companies in Russia. In academic and scientific literature, the human resources potential concept is often mentioned in the context of studying the enterprises competitiveness in various industries, but it remains unclear what components it consists of and what indicators can be used to assess it. The authors have conducted a terminological analysis of the concept and considered its components such as spiritual, intellectual (mental), and physical (material) resources. A system classification of indicators for assessing the human resources potential in organizations has been proposed, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the study and complements economic knowledge in this area. Russian Railways has a huge human resource, which it actively develops and analyzes (in terms of age, education, gender, and categories of employees). Nevertheless, the research has shown that in the strategic sense both development plans and reported values of human resources potential indicators reflect the whole range of identified data very narrowly, which needs to be improved, especially in the current economic situation in the country. Reporting and forecasting materials of Russian Railways available in open Internet sources were used and analyzed when doing the research.

How to do things with “the Fact of Reason”: A new interpretation of a well-known concept in Kant’s philosophy

There have been numerous studies on Kant’s concept of the ‘Fact of Reason’, drawing on various intellectual resources, ranging from metaphysics to psychology, from Aristotle to Mencius, from analytic philosophy to phenomenology, and beyond. How should we evaluate these studies? Is it possible that these studies can contribute both to an understanding of Kantian philosophy and to an understanding of Western philosophy as a whole, as well as shed light on the development of philosophy after Kant and on the philosophical questions of our own era? In order to at least partially clarify the above questions, this article will draw on the work of philosohers such as Karl-Otto Apel, Jürgen Habermas, C.I. Lewis, Jin Yuelin and Feng Qi, and discuss how certain presuppositions of communicative action can be both regulative and constitutive, how the same propositions can be both empirical and a priori, how the same concepts can both describe reality and regulate it, and how the ‘Fact of Reason’ can be understood as the ‘Fact of Learning’, in order to offer a new interpretation of Kant’s concept of the ‘Fact of Reason’.

Итоги работы российско-китайского экспертного семинара «Развитие научной дипломатии в Арктике в условиях глобальных вызовов»

The review summarizes the results of the Russian-Chinese expert seminar “Development of Science Diplomacy in the Arctic under the Global Challenges”, which was organized in December 2023 in Arkhangelsk, Russia. The aim of the seminar is described: accumulation of intellectual resources of universities and scientific institutes of Russia and China. The need to unite the scientific potential of the two countries is determined by the current geopolitical context, in which the development of relevant functional solutions to international humanitarian issues becomes extremely important. The seminar was organized by the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov together with the project partners — Beijing Institute of Technology (PRC) and the Association “National Arctic Scientific and Educational Consortium” within the framework of the project of the Alexander Gorchakov Public Diplomacy Fund. The event resulted in a final document (recommendations) on further development of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic.

SOME ASPECTS OF STIMULATING THE INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF SERVICE SECTOR ENTERPRISES

The article examines the main concepts of innovation and innovative activity for modern enterprises. In order to work effectively on the market, enterprises must constantly monitor innovations, adapt to the ever-changing realities of the market in a timely manner. In the course of the study, the criteria for assessing the ability of enterprises to develop were analyzed, the rating of the best countries according to the world creativity index and the rating of Ukraine in the Global Innovation Index were presented. It was found that the introduction of innovations has a positive effect on the development of enterprises and the improvement of their economic indicators in the modern economy. Modern enterprises strive to obtain the status of innovative, ready to implement changes, and their survival depends, in particular, on their openness to the introduction of innovations. This is explained by the fact that the avoidance of innovation will lead to the deterioration of competitiveness. In the course of the study, it was found that Ukraine has better results in innovative activities than innovative contributions. It also produces more innovative products compared to the level of innovative investments. In relation to GDP, the level of development of Ukraine exceeds expectations. It was also determined that Ukraine's indicators are above the average level for the income group below the average in terms of knowledge and technology, creative results, business complexity, human capital and research, infrastructure. To achieve the best results, companies in the service sector should pay special attention to the process of stimulating the innovative activity of personnel. To increase innovative activity, enterprise management should attract personnel with flexible thinking, who find it difficult to realize their intellectual resources within traditional bureaucratized enterprises. The article provides examples of strategies that can be used by enterprise managers to stimulate and develop the innovative activities of personnel. The results of the study indicate a close relationship between the economic indicators of the enterprise and the stimulation of personnel to innovative activities.

Diversified Mechanisms of Dispute Resolution for China's Foreign-Related Intellectual Property Right

China's increased competition with industrialised countries in terms of technological innovation during its current development transition has led to an increased demand for its intellectual property resources. At the same time, globalisation has further highlighted the inevitability of China facing foreign-related intellectual property challenges, prompting a focus on resolving such disputes. However, managing intellectual property right litigation relating to other countries remains difficult due to the unique types of foreign-related intellectual property right cases and the intricacies of applying national laws. In order to improve China's intellectual property dispute resolution framework and make it more effective and fairer, this paper will propose the shortcomings of the current litigation procedures through the case analysis and data analysis, and confirm that the flexible and reasonable use of diversified dispute resolution mechanisms will help China better deal with foreign-related intellectual property issues. While advocating a diversified dispute resolution framework for China's foreign-related intellectual property rights, it also provides possible suggestions for its construction.

Introduction of the Subject ‘Principles of Russian State System’ in the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics: First Results and Prospects of Enhancement

The article analyzed the initial experience of elaboration and introduction of a new subject of higher education, i. e. ‘Principles of Russian State System’ The authors assessed the role of the subject in developing new public relations based on traditional values of Russia, which requires mobilization of intellectual, organizational and other resources, including those in the system of education. The content of the subject based on civilization approach was presented and methodological approaches used for preparing and conducting classes were demonstrated. The authors analyzed specific features of carrying out such lessons in the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics, which allow us to focus attention on traditional values and principles of Russia being a state-civilization. It was shown that peoples of Russia for more than thousand years could create and maintain independently the state system, formulate models of social behavior and principles of world order meeting contemporary challenges.

Teaching Ancient Indian Jurisprudence in Our Time A Heterodox Approach to Orthodoxies

Ancient allures the postmodern social subject trapped in the strangeness of time—the time after the end of history. For that time-beaten subject ancient is the unconscious of coherence, predictability, and certainty. Or perhaps that ancient is a glory fled. Whatsoever, ancient is generally sacralized—irrespective of the type of socialization that happened in the past—and journey to the ancient is often deemed to be a pilgrimage. When ideas of the ancient in their individuality and totality inter alia become the natural intellectual resource for rebuilding postmodern societies, discriminative ingenuity becomes an essential faculty. Any uncritical reverence of the ancient becomes antithetical to modern social and political values, inviting the risk of reproducing inequities of the past. This article problematizes such uncritical dependence on the ancient using Ancient Indian Jurisprudence, which has been looked up on as a repository of moral and legal values, as a case in point. It meditates from the experiences and perspectives of an imaginary ‘teaching subject’ on the many pitfalls and possibilities of the ancient as it builds a framework of teaching and learning, and a representative scheme of evaluation for Ancient Indian Jurisprudence.

The value of comparative research in an era of standards-based reforms

The impact of standards-based reforms on the professional practice of English teachers in Anglophone settings has been well documented. Such reforms typically foreground the importance of a particular form of English and standardised formulations of curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment, which facilitate easy measurement and comparisons between educational settings. In Australia, the impact has intensified to such an extent that traditional framings of English teacher practice, which emphasize responsiveness to the cultural and linguistic diversity of students, begin to look like a discourse of a bygone era. From an historical perspective, how has this come about? And what does English teacher practice look like in the current policy environment? Can comparative inquiry into language education, such as has been conducted under the auspices of the International Mother Tongue Education Network (IMEN) over the past four decades, provide intellectual resources to resist relentless pressures towards standardisation and measurement? The collaborative inquiry into the professional practice of one author at the heart of this essay arises out of our attempts to explore the potential of IMEN protocols to render the familiar strange and to see her practice with new eyes. In this way we seek to resist the ways standards-based reforms are radically reshaping the praxis of English educators in Australia.

Reproduction of higher education personnel: motives for entry and retention measures

Introduction. The trends in the reproduction of intellectual resources have a significant development potential worldwide towards the realisation of a proper strategy for increasing the countries’ competitiveness. The stimulating programmes for the development of national universities set a due benchmark for the elaboration and testing of new ways to attract young people to the scientific and educational environment, as well as the formation of professional commitment. The accumulated practice of implementing federal programmes to support science and education raises a question of the outcome and efficiency of measures funded by the state. The aim of the study is to identify the dominant motives of the teaching staff belonging to the “young personnel” category for long-term work in the profession and at the university, as a consequence of the managerial measures applied by the administration. Materials and methods. To diagnose the priorities in the structure of young people’s motives to work in the system of higher education, the data obtained from a survey of young university specialists were used. The survey involved 140 people with different lengths of work experience in higher education. To assess the effectiveness of managerial practices aimed at retaining young specialists, a semi-structured interview with managers who realise the tasks of searching for, attracting, and retaining young people at universities was held. A total of 25 professionals took part in the interviewing: heads of departments, deans and vice-rectors of three Siberian universities. The methods of statistical data processing and assessment of the experts’ opinions coherence (Kendall’s coefficient of concordance) were applied. Results. The dominant motivations for young people to stay in higher education are: the system’s resource and readiness to support initiatives of young teachers–researchers (3.9 p.); regular self-education and professional growth (3.9), lucrative compensation (3.6), and the opportunity to work in priority branches of science (3.4). The higher school associates the transformation of all basic activity processes with staff rejuvenation: change in the format of communicating with stakeholders; intensification of work performance methods, as well as strengthening of intellectual, emotional, and professional resilience of work teams. The output and impact of the measures to stimulate due professional commitment were assessed. A major instrument contributing to high efficiency is represented by communication support measures based on regular feedback and included in individual adaptation and professional development programmes. Conclusion. The management system has to solve the staff rejuvenation problem at two levels: operational and strategic. It is necessary today to seek due options for the implementation of policy decisions and target indicators, and simultaneously to lay the foundations for involving specialists in the future scientific and educational environment. The application of different meaningful content actions in solving a particular task entails the manager’s professional deformation and blurring of the rules of interaction with the subject of labour.

Leaves, Silkworms, Yue Fei: Ways of Imagining the Territory in 1930s China

Abstract: During the Nationalist period (1928–1949) in China, the notion that China’s territory mirrors the shape of a begonia or a mulberry leaf gained wide recognition. This analogy ingrained itself into public perceptions of modern China’s boundaries and was often assumed without question. As foreign forces—symbolized by silk-worms—encroached upon the leaf-like territory, the leaf trope emerged as a platform for various patriotic appeals during wartime. This research explores the evolution of the leaf trope for China’s territory in the 1930s, probing the historical and cultural connotations embedded in it. The discussion expands to incorporate intellectual resources associated with the Song-era military commander Yue Fei and the leaf trope, as they jointly influenced the portrayal of China’s territory across textual and visual mediums. In this light, territorial conceptualizations in modern China were shaped by ideological constructs envisioning a future rooted in the past.

RESEARCH OF STUDENTS' ORIENTATIONS REGARDING INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

The purpose of the article is to identify and compare the essential characteristics of migration attitudes among Ukrainian and Polish students, and to outline trends in their development in the future. Methodology. The subjects of the research are students of various courses and specialties of the Lviv National Environmental University and the University of Life Sciences in Lublin (Poland). To collect empirical information, an online survey was conducted in October 2023, with 187 Ukrainian and 187 Polish students (n=374) participating. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, the results of which will be analysed in this study. The survey results showed that students of both higher education institutions have a rather positive attitude towards international migration processes, both women and men. Possible manifestations of student mobility can be seen as a fact that characterises the social role of modern students. Practical implications. The work is a study of young people's attitudes to migration, i.e., it is prospective, not retrospective. Such research can be extremely useful for the development of an effective socio-economic policy of the country. Since the research results reflect the moods of young people, they cannot claim to be highly predictive. However, a vision of what might happen if people's hypothetical aspirations were to become reality can be a powerful argument for politicians and statesmen in developing migration-related policies, both now and in the future. Value/Originality. Survey data from different age groups of students at two universities allow for a better understanding of their attitudes towards migration, immigration, and mobility and a comparison of these indicators in a peaceful country and in times of war. Possible manifestations of student mobility should be seen as a fact that characterises the social role of modern students. The problem, however, is that there are currently no effective mechanisms for managing these processes. There are also no mechanisms capable of ensuring the systemic effectiveness of communication links between different actors at the intercultural level, with the possibility of meeting their socio-cultural, professional and material needs in the process of socialisation of modern youth, as well as for the adequate reproduction of the intellectual potential of society as a whole. However, student emigration cannot be viewed exclusively from a negative perspective, as a "brain drain", although it is obvious that if students who study and work abroad do not return, the country loses part of its intellectual potential (Adamic, Dyachuk, 2023; Tokar, 2022). If to consider the return and emigration not as a purely territorial movement of students, but as a movement of intellectual resources, one can identify a positive trend: significant intellectual potential in the form of ideas, technologies and professional knowledge is returning to the country.