Intellectual Property Information Research Articles

Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Empirical Evidence of Ownership Structure, Firm Size, and Business Risk

Disclosure of intellectual capital plays a very important role in providing information needed by related parties in the business decision-making process. This study aims to empirically test the factors that influence intellectual capital disclosure. These factors include ownership structure, consisting of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and government ownership, as well as business risk and company size. The research sample was taken from state-owned companies listed on the IDX in the period 2018-2023. The results of the analysis using multiple linear regression show that institutional ownership and company size have a positive effect on intellectual capital disclosure. On the other hand, managerial ownership, government ownership, and business risk do not show any effect on intellectual capital disclosure. The findings of this study provide important implications for state-owned companies to pay more attention to institutional share ownership and business risk in decision making. Since managers may focus more on short-term interests and financial gains than on disclosing intellectual information. Governments may have different objectives such as economic stability or public policy, which do not necessarily support disclosure of intellectual property information. Companies with high business risks may be more cautious about sharing intellectual information so as not to reveal weaknesses or threats that competitors could rely on.

Legal regulation of IT employees

This article is aimed at studying the labour regulation of IT workers in the context of labour law. Particular attention is paid to issues related to remote work, flexible working and conditions that are typical in this area. Many aspects are devoted to the analysis of the employment contract, especially in the context of the growing demand for IT specialists and new forms of employment. The issue of flexible working hours for IT employees is one of the most important, as this area of work requires more adapted conditions aimed at ensuring a balance between professional duties and personal life. The availability of opportunities for remote work or flexible working requires certain changes in labour legislation. It is important to define not only the rights and obligations of the parties to labour relations, but also the conditions for the proper protection of such rights, in particular in terms of occupational health and safety, confidentiality of information, social guarantees, and liability for breach of employment duties. Most IT employees prefer civil law contracts, as they offer more benefits and flexibility than labour law in some aspects. However, it is necessary to analyse both contracts in detail and understand that this form of cooperation can lead to social insecurity for employees, as they do not have the rights provided for by labour law. Many employees choose gig contracts, which offer new opportunities but also have their limitations, especially social guarantees and the lack of guaranteed salary. The IT sector involves intellectual property, trade secrets and other confidential information, which requires appropriate legal regulation. To ensure the protection of confidentiality, it is important to define the rights and obligations of employees in the employment contract and internal labour regulations. Failure to comply with confidentiality terms can lead to legal consequences and a negative reputation for the employee and the employer. Another important aspect is occupational health and safety, especially when working remotely. The issue of labour protection in the context of remote work is not sufficiently regulated in labour legislation, so employers need to conduct appropriate briefings, especially in the context of martial law. In Ukraine, the IT sector continues to be important for the economy, contributing about 5% of GDP, but exports of IT services have declined during the war. The process of European integration will contribute to the development of the IT sector, as well as change the legal and economic situation, which will directly affect the working conditions, rights and obligations of IT professionals in Ukraine. Ukraine’s accession to the EU creates new opportunities for IT workers, such as career growth, improving their skills and access to European labour markets. However, this process also requires significant changes in national legislation to adapt to European standards.

Актуальные вопросы в части развития института интеллектуальной собственности Союзного государства

In the article it is analyzed the legal regulations of the Union State regarding intellectual property issues. The position is formulated about the lack of uniformity of terminology used in the provisions of acts of the Union State, as well as about the existence of contradictions between the norms of the Annex to the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Belarus on scientific, technical and innovative cooperation “Intellectual property and confidential information” with domestic legislation. A proposal has been made to unify the terminology of the regulatory legal framework of the Union State in accordance with the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the domestic legislation of the participating states. According to the analysis of the problem of legitimization of parallel trading, various requirements of domestic legislation in relation to the regulation of parallel trading on the territory of the member states of the Union State have been identified. A proposal is being formulated to develop unified approaches to compiling a catalog of production containing intellectual property objects may to be imported into the regions of the Union State.

The Importance of Cybersecurity and Protecting of Digital Assets and Understanding the Role of Cybersecurity Laws in Safeguarding Digital Assets

In the technologically advanced landscape, companies increasingly leverage cutting-edge technology to enhance operations. However, this progression also amplifies the risk of cyberthreats. Cybersecurity emerges as a pivotal element for safeguarding digital assets, encompassing networks, financial data, intellectual property (IP) and personal information. This note underscores the significance of shielding digital assets from cyberassaults, providing actionable guidance for individuals and businesses. Cybersecurity regulations play a vital role, establishing protective frameworks for sensitive data, IP and critical infrastructure. Compliance with these standards bolsters confidence, national security and global cooperation, elevating cybersecurity consciousness. Amid our digitally driven culture, prioritising cybersecurity ensures the safety and efficiency of digital assets. Implementing robust protocols fortifies individuals and organisations against online threats, facilitating secure navigation of the digital realm while upholding data integrity.

Enhancing Intellectual Property Information System Quality with RAD and FMCDM

In the development of intellectual property information systems, the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method and Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM) were often used to enhance the quality and effectiveness of system development. This research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of implementing the RAD and FMCDM methods in the development of intellectual property information systems at Poliban. The study employed a qualitative approach through a case study of the development of intellectual property information systems at Poliban. The RAD and FMCDM methods were applied in the development of intellectual property information systems during the user design stages, followed by an analysis of the quality and effectiveness of system development. The research results indicated that the application of the RAD and FMCDM methods in the development of intellectual property information systems at Poliban was effective and could improve the quality of system development. Using the RAD method, system development could be executed quickly and efficiently, while the FMCDM method allowed for more accurate and precise decision-making during system development. The combination of the RAD and FMCDM methods led to the creation of a better and more effective intellectual property information system. Keywords: fuzzy multi-criteria decision making, information system, intellectual property, rapid application development

Cybersecurity Measures Safeguarding Digital Assets and Mitigating Risks in an Increasingly Interconnected World

As interconnectivity and reliance on digital technologies continue to rise exponentially, so too do cybersecurity threats and risks. Malicious cyber actors are employing increasingly sophisticated techniques to target valuable data and disrupt critical systems and infrastructure. The impacts of successful cyber-attacks can be financially devastating and undermine an organization's reputation and customer trust. This paper examines how firms may utilize strong cybersecurity to protect digital assets and reduce risks in a connected society. As technology and communications improve, cyber threats do too. Problems keep popping up. Malware, phishing scams, and data breaches still harm businesses. Hackers can also get in simpler with more linked devices and the Internet of Things. This makes protecting digital assets and systems, networks, and critical infrastructure from sophisticated cyberattacks even more crucial. Cybercriminals can steal data, intellectual property, money, and customer information in many ways. Advanced persistent threats are used by state-backed parties for eavesdropping and geopolitics. Therefore, organizations in all professions and industries must prioritize safety and risk reduction. Businesses may increase their safety with technical, process-based, and strategic cybersecurity solutions, according to the report. This requires strong access restrictions, networks, encryption, software security, and audits. Human aspects like cyber awareness training and a comprehensive plan that matches an organization's risks and resources are considered. A thorough security plan discusses international conventions, following the rules, and using modern technologies. Two case studies demonstrate real-world operations. The first describes how a large retailer stopped a complex APT with numerous defenses. Learn how crucial segmentation, detection tools, incident reaction, and public-private partnerships are. The second one examines a major hotel chain data breach and offers simple measures like strong passwords and vendor tracking to reduce similar dangers. Even if digital adversaries are getting smarter, basic cybersecurity "hygiene." can block many attempts, the report concludes. No organization is totally safe, but following basic rules, laws, and best practices can help protect people, organizations, and governments' assets in today's linked globe. Researchers may investigate how blockchain and AI might lessen hacking risks.

The Battle for Repairability: Navigating Intellectual Property Rights

The “right to repair” movement allows consumers freedom to choose how they repair their product, either by themselves or choosing any third party repair service provider, instead of being obligated to return to the original manufacturer for repairs. When a product becomes non-functional or obsolete, consumers may decide whether to repair or replace it. But this choice is influenced by different factors taking into account cost, quality of repair services, convenience of repair services, as well as consumer preferences for newer and better products. The movement aims to pressure manufacturers to make spare parts, tools, and repair guides available for their products, extending their lifespan with the goal of reducing electronic waste. Replacement with a new product and throwing away the old ones is the growing concern as it leads to generation of electronic-waste. Manufacturer’s opposition to the movement stems from concerns about intellectual property and proprietary information theft. This has sparked debates around protecting intellectual property while ensuring consumer rights and safety, promoting sustainability, and competition. The paper aims to explore the relationship between “Right to Repair” movement and intellectual property rights, and to find a harmonious construct between these competing interests. It posits that a collaborative effort is necessary to find a solution that strikes the right balance, and enables a sustainable future for generations to come.

Can digital technology innovation promote total factor energy efficiency? Firm-level evidence from China

The study is based on panel data of listed manufacturing companies from 2010 to 2022, identifies digital technology innovation (DGTI) by using patent data, uses two-step stochastic frontier with Shepard energy distance function to measure total factor energy efficiency (TFE), and analyzes the impact of DGTI on TFE. Research has found that the larger the scale of DGTI, the more conducive it is to TFE. DGTI can also promote TFE by improving environmental responsibility fulfillment and internal control quality, while, DGTI may hinder TFE by increasing operating costs. In the heterogeneity, DGTI has a stronger promoting effect on the TFE of large-scale firms and state-owned firms. In the central and western regions, DGTI has a U-shaped effect that first inhibits and then promotes TFE. Moreover, intellectual property protection, information infrastructure, and digital industry agglomeration will all promote the positive impact of DGTI on TFE. This study aims to provide implications for improving energy efficiency and promoting digital technology research and development.

Legal Implications for Parties Who Display Inappropriate Content Through Social Media Platforms (Copyright Study)

Copyright is one of the rights included in protected intellectual property rights. One form of creation protected by the expert is the work of photography and cinematography. However, it is known that with the development of existing technology, works in the form of photography and cinematography are often used by other parties/people by showing and/or uploading the work to social media without permission from the creator himself. It is not uncommon for the photography and cinematography created to have economic value. Another problem arises when it turns out that the photography and cinematography created contain immoral elements. Therefore, a more in-depth study is needed regarding the legal implications of uploading photography and cinematography without the author’s permission and the limits given by the norms of decency in producing the creation itself. Based on the research results, it is known that the legal responsibility of the party who shows photography and cinematography without the author’s permission on social media platforms, namely if the action is to obtain economic/commercial benefits. It is proven that if the creator suffers economic losses, then the perpetrator can be charged compensation. This type of research is normative juridical/normative legal research, which uses secondary data by processing data derived from legal materials, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Study data were collected through documents and qualitative analysis. Keywords: copyright, intellectual property rights, information and electronic transaction law, photography, cinematography, social media

Framework for intellectual property information services in academic libraries: Example from the United States and China

The provision of intellectual property information services (IPIS) plays a vital role in bolstering the public service infrastructure for intellectual property. Utilizing IPIS' social advantages in universities is integral to boosting technological innovation and fostering economic growth. This study conducts a literature review and network research to examine how academic libraries in the U.S. and China carry out IPIS in the knowledge economy era to adapt to the new network environment. Specifically, we select 43 academic libraries recognized as Patent and Trademark Resource Centers in the U.S. and 33 National Intellectual Property Information Service Centers in China. Our main contribution is developing a framework with 5 interrelated dimensions encompassing a total of 15 elements that can serve as a reference or guide for creating IPIS in academic libraries, where online services are the primary format. Through a comprehensive analysis of the survey sample websites, we thoroughly examine the key attributes of the IPIS models employed by academic libraries in both the U.S. and China across various levels. Our research also encompasses a comprehensive examination of the roles and responsibilities of academic libraries and librarians in the context of the knowledge and innovation era. Finally, this study draws upon the valuable practical experiences of IPIS at academic libraries in the U.S. and China, serving as a point of reference. It offers robust targeting and applicable guidelines and recommendations for academic libraries in comparable nations, particularly China, to build IPIS.

90% Yield Production of Spiropyran Covalently Grafted MXene‐Based RRAM Devices for Optoelectronic Dual‐Response Switching

AbstractOver the past decade, great efforts have been devoted to both intellectual property protection and information security protection. As a promising electroactive material, MXene is covalently or non‐covalently functionalized with organic species/polymers to produce a large amount of novel functional materials for biomedicine, optoelectronics, and energy storage. By using spiropyran covalently functionalized MXene (MXene‐SP) as an active material, an optoelectronic dual‐response resistive random access memory (RRAM) device is successfully fabricated. Upon UV illumination, the active layer is changed from MXene‐SP (SP: ring‐closed spiropyran form) observed under the illumination of blue light to MXene‐MC (MC: ring‐opened merocyanine form) due to photo‐induced “close‐to‐open” isomerization. The as‐fabricated ITO/MXene‐SP/ITO device exhibits typical nonvolatile optoelectronic dual‐response RRAM performance, with a production yield exceeding 90%. The achieved switch‐on/off voltages are −1.25/2.07 V under the illumination of blue light and −0.58/0.91 V under UV illumination. The switching bias window (Δ|VON − VOFF|) and the ON/OFF current ratio of MXene‐MC are 44.9% and 14.7% of these of MXene‐SP, respectively. By utilizing the window difference between the RRAM performance achieved under the illumination of different lights, one can easily encrypt the quick response code.

Cross‐border technology investments in recession

AbstractUtilizing industry‐level foreign direct investment (FDI) from 72 source markets to 122 destination markets between 2003 to 2018, we evaluate how cross‐border technology investments respond to economic recessions. We find that FDI embedded with intensive research and development (R&D) drops when the destination market is in a recession and the source market is in a normal state and recovers to the pre‐recession levels when both destination and source markets are in recession. However, there is little evidence that recessions affect cross‐border investments in other aspects of technology measured by the penetration of robots, intellectual property products and information and communications technology (ICT). The response of R&D‐intensive FDI to recessions is particularly pronounced in deep and long recessions, during the propagation stage of recessions and in destination markets with relatively weak institutional protection of intellectual property and rule of law, loose FDI regulation and high financial development. Our findings are limited to advanced markets: there is no evidence that R&D‐intensive FDI from or to emerging markets responds to either destination or source market recessions.

Fine-Grained Access Control with User Revocation in Smart Manufacturing

Collaborative manufacturing is a key enabler of Industry 4.0 that requires secure data sharing among multiple parties. However, intercompany data-sharing raises important privacy and security concerns, particularly given intellectual property and business-sensitive information collected by many devices. In this paper, we propose a solution that combines four technologies to address these challenges: Attribute-Based Encryption for data access control, blockchain for data integrity and non-repudiation, Hardware Security Modules for authenticity, and the Interplanetary File System for data scalability. We also use OpenID for dynamic client identification and propose a new method for user revocation in Attribute-Based Encryption. Our evaluation shows that the solution can scale up to 2,000,000 clients while maintaining all security guarantees.

Systematic Literature Review and Metadata Analysis of Insider Threat Detection Mechanism

Insider threat refers to the risk caused to an organization's security, assets, or data by individuals who have authorized access to these resources, such as employees, contractors, or partners. The aim of an insider threat is usually to exploit their access to sensitive information or systems to carry out malicious activities, such as stealing intellectual property, financial data, or sensitive information, sabotaging systems, or processes, or committing fraud. This systematic literature analysed the anatomy of insider threat, including its trends and mode of attacks to find the possible solutions by querying various academic literature. Sources of insider threat dataset are revealed in this review paper to ease the challenges of researchers in getting access to insider datasets. In addition, a taxonomy of insider threat current trends is presented in the paper. This review can serve as a benchmark for researchers in proposing a novel insider threat detection methodology and starting point for novice researchers.

A framework for the entrenchment of intellectual property (IP) information services in Zimbabwe's university libraries

The study investigates the current status of Intellectual Property (IP) information services in Zimbabwe's university libraries. The study employed a quantitative approach. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 69 library professionals employed at 20 university libraries which are full members of the Zimbabwe University Libraries Consortium (ZULC). Findings show that the current focus of the surveyed institutions is on providing scientific research support services (18); disseminating/sharing university research output (14); and copyright activities (12). More specialised IP information services such as IP education and training, patent information services, IP consulting services, IP online service platforms, and web-based IP information services are largely unavailable in Zimbabwean university libraries. Results reveal that the underlying challenge in the development of IP information services in Zimbabwe's university libraries is insufficient IP knowledge among academic librarians, which is exacerbated by inadequate IP management frameworks in university institutions. The study proposes a framework for the entrenchment of IP information services in Zimbabwe's university libraries.

Intellectual Property Information Intelligent System Based on Content Data Mining and ID4 Algorithm

This paper studies the intellectual property information system based on content data mining and ID4 algorithm. First, data mining technology is applied to patent information analysis, such as using clustering algorithm to mine patent text, and using association rules to mine patent inventors. The system can analyze the structure of DOCDB patent data files, extract relevant patent information, and store the processed data in the database. The experimental results show that the system can efficiently process patent data and effectively improve the automation level of patent preprocessing. Use support vector machines, naive Bayes, and radial basis neural networks to classify and test patent samples.

Misappropriation of Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge: Challenges Posed by Intellectual Property and Genetic Sequence Information

Misappropriation of Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge: Challenges Posed by Intellectual Property and Genetic Sequence Information

Global innovation and competition in quantum technology, viewed through the lens of patents and artificial intelligence

In this work we elucidate international trends in the field of quantum technology (QT) by analysing a global patent database built from an operational definition of QT that was generated through the curated application of artificial intelligence (AI). In doing so, we demonstrate how the sophisticated use of intellectual property information, enhanced by the artful deployment of AI techniques, may produce more reliable and useful revelations for policymakers and managers about global innovation in emerging fields of technology than is possible through conventional methods of data collection and analysis. We also demonstrate the utility of this approach for reliably characterising the evolving constituent sub-fields of QT. By adopting a hybrid human-AI approach to both the definition and the analysis of QT, we have produced some novel insights about global innovation and national organisational profiles in the QT field, particularly concerning dynamic competition between the USA and China.

Cyber Security for Internet of Things

Abstract: The Internet of things has gained intense popularity in the past few years. It has become one of the most important technologies. However along with gaining popularity, threats related to cyber security have increased. As the name suggests, Internet of Things, it is completely based on the internet which means a hacker can find a weaklink in the network and exfiltrate data to the cloud and threaten to keep, delete or make the data public. Thisincludes sensitive data, personally identifiable information (PII), protected health information (PHI), personal information, intellectual property, data, and governmentaland industry information systems. Cybersecurity is a set ofprocesses, tools and frameworks to protect networks, devices, programs and data from cyber attacks.This paper highlights the different types of Cyber attacks possible on IoT and suggests few mitigations towards it

IP dLedger - Decentralized ledger for intellectual property administration

With the rapid growth of big data, the applications of intellectual property (IP) rights and prior art documents are increasing rapidly. Patent examiners are usually overworked to evaluate inventions referring to a large volume of prior arts in a short period. Such increasing workloads and documents may cause administrative inefficiencies and generate low-quality IPs that hamper technological innovation. Moreover, today's centralized IP administration system is inefficient in processing speed, security, and cost. Inefficiencies of IP administration in each national IP office impede speedy and efficient cooperation for international application and registration. This study proposes an IP decentralized ledger (IP dLedger) based on the blockchain to significantly reduce IP administration costs and improve IP use. IP dLedger connects the on-chain (blockchain) to the off-chain (centralized database) systems using IP codes that combine hash values and timestamps. Similar to the web hypertext method, this connective feature of IP dLedger enables users who click on identification information registered in a blockchain network to access, through a hyperlink, a centralized database of enormous volumes of related IP information. Therefore, IP dLedger can reduce IP administration costs, increase IP usage, and facilitate safe and convenient use of the IP data.