Intellectual Infrastructure Research Articles

Инфраструктурно-воспроизводственный подход к исследованию интеллектуальной инфраструктуры технологического развития

The infrastructure and reproduction methodological approach is presented as a tool of research of intellectual infrastructure of technical and technological development of industrial enterprises in conditions of globalization of economy digitisation. The relevance of the results of the study consists in the possibility of implementing, on the basis of the proposed approach, many tasks of scientific and practical importance, which allow to develop methods, systems, algorithms, mechanisms of intra-firm formation and development of the intercompany infrastructure of technologization. The essence of the approach is to ensure system organization of personnel management of industrial enterprises to the level of management of personnel reproduction cycles, which are infrastructure-relevant for technological development of enterprises

Формирование подхода к исследованию экономической надежности интеллектуальной инфраструктуры технологического развития промышленных предприятий

Формирование подхода к исследованию экономической надежности интеллектуальной инфраструктуры технологического развития промышленных предприятий

THE INNOVATION PROCESS IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT – THE MATERIAL, INSTITUTIONAL, AND INTELLECTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE SHAPING AND SHAPED BY INNOVATION

The purpose of the article is to define the material, institutional, and intellectual infrastructure of a region and identify the innovative processes that determine its creation. Our main research hypothesis is that the processes that influence the creation of a region’s infrastructure determine a region’s competitiveness as well. To verify these premises, we conducted a study among the residents and employees of a municipality. The research employed deductive and inductive methods and a qualitative analysis was performed. Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient and factor analysis (inference based on the modal and median values) were used in the study. The research verified the hypothesis that innovative processes influence the creation of a region’s infrastructure and that innovative processes in the studied region exhibit low dynamics, which is caused by financial and psychosocial barriers. The important role of social leaders in municipalities was identified as well, above all as regards building civic society and social activity. The added value of the article is threefold: the developed model of infrastructure construction in the material, institutional, and intellectual dimensions of a region; recommendations for the investigated municipality; and a structured questionnaire that, together with the model, can be used for research in municipalities.

Digitization of the Intellectual Property Field: From Scientific Justification to Practical Implementation

The prospects and reference points for the development of the intellectual property field are considered in the context of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program. The problem is to find and develop qualitatively new digital control tools that can quickly transpose scientific ideas into practice. We analyze the directions of developing the digital sector of public services, as well as the digitization of information services that precede the provision of public services (intellectual preparation of decision making). Based on the example of digitization of the intellectual property information infrastructure, theoretical and applied solutions are presented, which reveal specific features of the transformation of the information market in the digital economy. From the standpoint of an ambivalent approach, we show the participation of influence groups in the production of information services, as well as information self-service and outsourcing schemes, detect their positive and negative sides, and analyze the risks of new models and phenomena.

Information support of innovations in regions: Library resources

The authors substantiate new approaches toward library-based information support of innovations and sci-tech development. They analyze the experience of the British Library and the BL’s Business and Intellectual Property Centre in London. The possibility to adapt this experience for Russia’s regional information infrastructure is examined. The recent regional library studies provide for knowledge and innovations management. The authors introduce the project of networked cooperation between the Federal Industrial Property Institute (FIPI) and Russian regional universal scientific libraries. The challenge is to energize regional libraries and to implement the «learning region» concept. The access to ready-to-use analytical products provided via the libraries and created by FIPI as the core center for intellectual property information infrastructure, enables regional scientists, researchers and businessmen to use instruments of information support of industries and business, in particular those intended to assess the viability of innovations. This provide for building open regional information space and procedures to enforce the rights to the results of intellectual activity and means of identification in Russia and internationally.

INFRASTRUCTURE OF DEVELOPING INTELLECTUAL SERVICE SECTOR

The article shows that for the effective development of intellectual business service sector infrastructure and relations standardization are required. It analyzes losses caused by entrepreneurs’ mistaken perception of their participation in projects with outside experts’ attraction. The author analyzes the experience of further professional education, as well as special research for engineering sphere. It was pointed out that one of the urgent steps is standardization of the education field. Shaping the demand for business services is promoted by education and activity of public organizations but at the same time by state governance of economy.

Red. Rummet

The Editorial Office. Editorial Work as Intellectual Infrastructure
 What are the possibilities and obstacles for editorial work within a neo-liberal university system? Is it possible to meet the demands of a highly ranked peer-review journal and still maintain the creative and imaginative stance of editorial practice and tradition?Against the backdrop of diverse personal and collective experiences as well as fictive representations of editorial thinking and writing within and outside academia, this article suggests that there yet remains a subversive potential in the image of the Editorial Office as a site of resistance. It is further argued that editorial work plays a crucial part in the continuous making of intellectual infrastructure, not the least in literary studies. From that perspective the reclaiming and inclusion of editorial skills both in education and in research may be seen as a strategy for change.

A “Self-Made Town”: Semi-Annual Furniture Expositions and the Development of Civic Identity in Grand Rapids, 1878–1965

The Michigan Historical Review 44:2 (Fall 2018): 37-66©2018 Central Michigan University. ISSN 0890-1686 All Rights Reserved A “Self-Made Town”: Semi-Annual Furniture Expositions and the Development of Civic Identity in Grand Rapids, 1878-1965 By Scott Richard St. Louis The Right Place at the Right Time1 In the later decades of the nineteenth century, prominent business figures in the city of Grand Rapids had reason to be both ambitious and optimistic. Striving to pull every last cent of profit out of available resources, they rationalized production workflows and integrated the latest technologies into their factories. They also perceptively discerned that a maturing railroad network connecting Grand Rapids to an emerging Victorian consumer economy would empower the city to achieve new levels of prosperity and fame through an industry on the verge of unprecedented growth: domestic furniture production.2 These entrepreneurs acted upon their hopes for the community’s future through the establishment of the semi-annual Grand Rapids Furniture Expositions, beginning in December 1878. At first glance, these expositions might seem to have been a mere manifestation of the community’s recognition as America’s “Furniture City.” However, they actually constituted a fundamental cause behind the construction of this 1 Previous versions of this research were presented at the Second Annual Midwestern History Conference in Grand Rapids on 1 June 2016; at the 131st Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association in Denver, Colorado, on 7 January 2017; and at “History Detectives: Sleuthing for Local History,” a program held at the Grand Rapids Public Library on 28 January 2017. 2 For more information on the history of industrialization in the Midwest during the nineteenth century, see David R. Meyer, “Midwestern Industrialization and the American Manufacturing Belt in the Nineteenth Century,” The Journal of Economic History 49.4 (December 1989): 921-37 and Brian Page and Richard Walker, “From Settlement to Fordism: The Agro-Industrial Revolution in the American Midwest,” Economic Geography 67.4 (October 1991): 281-315. Meyer notes that the Midwest increased “its share of national manufacturing value added from 14 to 26 percent between 1860 and 1900” (92223 ). Page and Walker note that in “exploring the spatial form of the Midwest, particular emphasis must be put on the neglected role of small industrial cities in the process of regional industrialization and the formation of a dense network of urban spaces” (284). 38 The Michigan Historical Review civic identity by local citizens: business leaders and supportive community members who collaborated in making the Grand Rapids name synonymous with excellent household furniture on an international scale. These citizens also resolved to prevent similar efforts in rival cities— including the powerhouses of New York and especially Chicago—from eclipsing their own.3 The astonishing extent of their success provided the city with a greater profile in the national consciousness and transformed the physical and economic landscape of Grand Rapids itself. Given that Grand Rapids fits comfortably into Midwestern historian Timothy Mahoney’s description of small cities, this article also responds to his call for scholarly examinations of these urban spaces and their relationship to the broader regional and national economic forces that influence—and are influenced by—the fate of such cities.4 By arguing for the importance of the semi-annual furniture expositions to the development of Grand Rapids, this research sheds light on the place of a small Midwestern city in the growth of a national consumer culture during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.5 3 For more information on the place of Chicago in Midwestern history, see Timothy B. Spears, Chicago Dreaming: Midwesterners and the City, 1871-1919 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005) and William Cronon, Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991). 4 Timothy R. Mahoney, “The Small City in American History,” Indiana Magazine of History 99.4 (December 2003): 311-30. 5 Within the last decade, scholars have been rebuilding the intellectual infrastructure required to spark and sustain a revival of Midwestern studies in American historical scholarship. For example, the Midwestern History Association was established in 2014; in 2015, it began hosting annual conferences and publishing Studies in Midwestern History. Additionally...

Information Policy and the Spatial Constitution of Digital Geographic Information Markets

abstractInformation policy has become one of the key instruments for the commodification and marketization of goods in contemporary capitalism. However, the spatializing role of this and other legal regimes has not been explored in depth. Among the categories of goods whose production and circulation is shaped by information policy, geographic information is increasingly salient in the digital economy due to the strategic and economic value derived from its integration of location and context. This article explores the role of information policy regimes in spatially bounding, structuring, and regulating digital geographic information markets. This is conducted through a Polanyian economic geographic approach that contextualizes, integrates, and synthesizes two types of geographic information market formations, and focuses on the institutional dimension of information policy regimes. In developing this approach, the article argues that legal regimes (in this case information policy) are capable of spatializing markets by structuring, integrating, and delimiting the actions of states and other actors, such as private corporations and consumers, within particular jurisdictions. The empirical section of the article illustrates this argument by showing how three aspects of information policy—(1) intellectual property, (2) infrastructure, and (3) commercialization—shape specific configurations of digital geographic information markets within the various administrative scales in the European Union, a globally influential jurisdiction for information policy, and where a regional digital market is in the process of construction. The article concludes by arguing that a Polanyian economic geographic approach provides a solid basis with ample versatility to account for the necessary integration of a legal perspective into the analysis of new kinds of goods (such as digital geographic information) and the spatialities of their emerging market configurations.

Early Period of Modern Architecture in Turkey – A Case Study of Eskisehir

Modern architecture in the Western World bore fruit at the beginning of the 20th Century in consequence of the process of modernity and seeking of the proper architecture for it. It was formed firstly towards the end of the 1920s. The main reason of this nonsynchronous development was the inadequacy of enlightenment and industrial revolution during the Ottoman Empire and the lack of formation of an intellectual infrastructure which provides the basis of modernity. However, the Ottoman Westernization occurring in the 19th century constituted the foundations of the Republic modernity founded in 1923. The earliest modern architectural designs in Turkey were first practised by European architects after the foundation of the Republic and internalised and practised extensively by the native architects afterwards. The early modern architecture of Turkey, named as “1930s Modernism”, continued until the beginning of the World War II. This period was formed in between the periods of first and second nationalist architecture movements. The early modern architecture period of Turkey was a period which high-quality designs were made. It was practised and internalised not only in big cities such as Ankara and in Istanbul, but also in the medium and small cities of the country. This situation was not just about a formal exception but about the internalisation of modernity by the society. Eskisehir is one of the most important pioneering cities of the Republic period in terms of industrial and educational developments. The earliest modern buildings were built as the public buildings by the state and non-citizen architects in the inadequate conditions of the country in terms of economy and professional people. The earliest modern houses of the city designed by these architects were the prototypes for the later practices which offered the citizens a new lifestyle. The modern houses were the symbols of prestige and status for the owners and the dwellers. The features of early modern buildings of Eskisehir as a medium-size city of Turkey will be examined in this study within the scope of the early modern architectural period of Turkey.

Counter-cyclical public venture capital: Debt-funding as an anti-austerity innovation strategy

This article outlines a counter-cyclical innovation strategy to achieve prosperity, derived from an innovative project, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM). We identify an ‘innovation paradox’ in that the very point in the business cycle, when legislators are tempted to view austerity as a cure for economic downturns and to reduce innovation spend, is when an increase is most needed to create new industries and jobs and innovate out of recession or depression. It is both desirable and possible that policymakers resist the urge to capitulate to the innovation paradox. During periods that exhibit subdued inflation, elevated spare productive capacity, and low government borrowing rates, governments should increase their borrowings and use the proceeds to boost investment targeted towards innovation. We show how the State of California successfully utilized debt financing, traditionally reserved for physical infrastructure projects, to stimulate the development of intellectual infrastructure. Finally, we recommend a halt to European austerity policies and a ‘triple helix’ broadening of narrow ‘smart specialization’ policies that chase a private venture capital chimera. Europe should seize the present macroeconomic opportunity of low interest rates, borrow for innovation and be paid back manifold by ‘picking winners’, similarly to what the USA has been doing through DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) with GPS, as a response to Sputnik, the Internet and artificial intelligence, or the driverless car, formerly known as the ‘autonomous land vehicle’ in its military guise. Proactively targeted macroscopic investments in innovation are needed to solve the productivity/employment puzzle and foster the transition to a knowledge-based society.

LEGAL REVIEW ON E-COMMERCE AND THE BLUEPRINT OF THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

Revolution and development of Information and Transactions Elektrnik indirectly helped change the way of trading or buying and selling activities, using the virtual world (online) or better known as electronic transactions (e-commerce). In the framework of ASEAN Trade Integration and Liberalization it has been agreed that the Blueprint ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) with one of its pillars is ASEAN as a region with high economic competitiveness, with elements of competition rules, consumer protection, intellectual property rights, infrastructure development, taxation and E-commerce. Blueprint is a guide for ASEAN member countries to achieve a strategic timetable and timing of achievement of each pillar that has been agreed.

Private Authority in Ripstein’s Private Wrongs

Since Arthur Ripstein’s Private Wrongs1 is so brimming with ideas, and its author so famously penetrating in his analyses, you will not be surprised to learn that there is much in the book with which I agree, and rather less with which I disagree. Nevertheless a few aspects of Ripstein’s intellectual infrastructure strike me as incompletely explained in the book, and I offer this comment mainly in a spirit of curiosity, that is, in the hope of extracting some further explanation. I will be particularly concerned with what is said and presupposed on pages 33–34 of the book, and more particularly in footnote 3 on page 34. This is the point in the book at which Ripstein introduces his pivotal thought that “authority-violations”2 are central to private law, and in particular that tort law’s special concern with our bodies and our property can best be understood as a concern to protect a certain special zone or sphere of authority that is reserved to each of us. Ripstein once spoke of this as a zone of “sovereignty”3 but this terminology, which always struck me as somewhat inflationary, is no longer used in Private Wrongs. Nevertheless the switch to talk of “authority” does tend to keep alive a certain set of pressing questions that talk of “sovereignty” already raised.

Catholic Understandings of Female Sexuality in 1960s Britain.

Recent interpretations of religious change in modern Britain have stressed the importance of a sudden and abrupt 'sexual revolution' during the 1960s. The role the Churches played in bringing about their own demise remains a point of debate, particularly in the case of the Catholic Church. This article attempts to move beyond existing historical disputes over a 'religious crisis' and whether it was rooted in 'internal' causes (problems within the Church) or 'external', secular developments. It explores the way sexual knowledge was discussed and disseminated by Catholic authorities during this decade of perceived cultural transition, drawing on the previously unpublished papers of the Papal Commission for Birth Control 1963-5 and the training manuals of the Catholic Marriage Advisory Council (CMAC). These sources offer a unique insight into the often problematic task of reconciling Catholic thought with the discourses of 'sexual liberation'. While the central hierarchy's continued opposition to women's contraceptive autonomy has understandably dominated historical attention, the material presented here suggests that Catholic understandings of female sexuality were not universally at odds with the intellectual infrastructure of a 'sexual revolution'. On the question of female sexual pleasure, progressive Catholic authorities in both the Papal Commission and the CMAC made fervent efforts to engage with contemporary scientific modes of understanding. Perversely, this approach served to neglect certain aspects of corporeal and emotional experience, thereby limiting the case for meaningful doctrinal change.

Investigate the Origin of the Components of Self-Determination Theory in Naturalism Thought

<p class="Normal1">The need for competence sense, autonomy and relatedness are the needs if are supplied have a significant impact in the individual’s mental health. For a true understanding of the needs, the need to identifying is its thinking base. In this paper in the descriptive- analysis method, this intellectual infrastructure is proposed as naturalism and the origins and theoretical foundations self-determination on the basis of intellectual self-deploy, so it can be done if naturalism raising children are investigated on the basis of the infrastructure intellectual needs and as a result of it, if a child be educated by naturalism method can be effective on physiological and basis needs and as a result on self-determination of child. The naturalism doctrine can provide essential context to satisfy the basic psychological needs and thus self- determination. According to the doctrine of naturalism, intervention in nature must be appropriate to the stage of development that the child is at that stage, and it does not exceed, the intervention must be improved, not changer. Leave children to be free and the nature guide him the way he should go. Monitor his actions away. Give him tool feedback, not the executive one.</p>

Patent Data Visualization

The importance given by the governments to building a sound intellectual property infrastructure is increasing in developing countries and especially in Central Asian countries. This infrastructure is continuously improved to live up to a common standard in collaboration with government agencies, educational institutions and international agencies. In this paper, the infrastructure developments that took place in the Central Asian countries is going to be elaborated and furthermore some statistical analyses will be used in order to compare the differences and similarities between the Central Asian republics within themselves and the rest of the world. Patent based statistical data reveal a broad range of information concerning the innovative capability of countries, regions and firms. The number of patents that a country obtains in different technological fields and the change in this number over the years may provide useful information regarding the growth potential of the country and the ability to follow technological advances. For this purpose, patent statistics collected by institutions like World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have been analyzed using statistical techniques. In addition to basic statistics, multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) has been applied to the data sets.

Preface

preface That an overtly white-nationalist misogynist demagogue was voted into power in the United States is cause for alarm and despair. As the election results sink in and analyses take shape, we at Feminist Studies mark this moment via poetry, a tradition of feminist expression that we have long nurtured. We include in this issue a special section on poems responding to the election. Raw by necessity, they allow for a collective processing of feelings experienced in this moment, even as we prepare for the courage and acuity needed in days ahead. The scholarly works in this issue offer reflections on the travels of the term gender: in French Canadian feminist circles; the misreadings of gender and sexuality in histories of post-WWII New York City; and the gains and gaps in activism against gender-based violence and inequality. Geneviève Pagé recounts how the term gender was taken up in French Canadian scholarship, while Alix Genter offers a visual history of what butchness meant in 1950s and 1960s New York City. Julie R. Enszer tracks the representation of women writers through literary grants offered by the National Endowment for the Arts and in Norton anthologies, making the case that gender parity remains an elusive goal. Elizabeth Jean Hornbeck narrates the 1980 horror film The Shining as a commentary on violence against women and child abuse that uses the Gothic form to salutary effect. Nikki Lane reviews recent scholarship in black queer ethnography, and Jennifer A. Wagner-Lawlor introduces us to the feminist eco-art of Pamela Longobardi. Our featured poets, apart from our special section, are Hannah Baker Saltmarsh and Karen An-hwei Lee. Our closing forum on trigger warnings narrates the innovative practices that Alexis Lothian and Ramzi Fawaz propose in response to a contentious pedagogical debate. 560Preface Geneviève Pagé describes the history of the journey of the term gender in feminist circles in Montreal, using this case to comment on the dilemmas that arise from Anglocentrism in feminism. Pagé argues that in many ways, the term gender was not well suited to the context she highlights: Quebec feminists already possessed an intellectual infrastructure for referencing the meanings of the term gender through alternative phrasing, such as rapport sociaux de sexe. Furthermore, the grammatical concept of genre was “a concept central to the French language, but only peripheral in the English language,” and therefore, its use in French carried a potential “naturalizing” connotation. Nonetheless, given the dominance of English in feminist theory, Pagé concludes that “the polysemic nature of gender” allowed “for a fluid and multiple account of the local and global processes at work in the construction of women and men” in this context. Alix Genter gives us a nuanced understanding of butch genders and butch-femme aesthetics. Rather than relying on a stereotypical version of the 1950s queerly legible butch in masculine clothes, Genter argues that butchness itself was visually nuanced and coded in different ways than expected. Referencing a rich archive of 1950s-era photographs, Genter demonstrates that butch-identified women “conveyed their identities through alternate means that included clandestine codes and plays on women’s fashions.” This approach to butch aesthetics and lesbian self-representation opens up the common notion of a strict butch-femme contrast and introduces the concept of conscious mutual survival between the two lesbian identities. The appreciation of nuance continues in Nikki Lane’s review essay of reflexive ethnographic research about black queer communities. Lane’s review of recent work by Jafari S. Allen, Marlon Bailey, Mignon Moore, and Mireille Miller-Young highlights the attention these authors give to the complex politics of sexuality in everyday experiences of black communities . With an emphasis on the illuminating potential of ethnography and qualitative methodologies, Lane discusses how each text adds to our understanding of processes of “racialization, gendering, and sexualization .” Lane concludes that black queer and feminist ethnographic methods help accrue an embodied knowledge—the “flesh”—of black queer experience. Preface 561 The art featured in this issue is by Pamela Longobardi, who uses found-plastic objects to create painting, sculptures, installations, assemblages, photographs, and community-art projects. As an artist with training in biology, Longobardi focuses on the...

“The Narrative of Religion” in the High School Textbooks of the Early Republican Period in Turkey

Middle of the 20th century, Turkish Republic was entered nation-construction process. It rebuilt its education system in order to create a new and modern society. Within this scope, one of the main goals of history education was to form a “national identity” and create a “sense of belonging based on ethnicity and language”, as was that of the language education. Most important thing about this identification process is to pass secular identityin spite of traditional religious identity. For secular identity construct religious thought were discussed. This study dealt with the nature of “religious debates” observed in Turk Tarihi’nin Ana Hatlari Methal Kismi (Prolegomena to an Outline of Turkish History) and Tarih I-IV (History I-IV) textbooks, which were among the influential history education instruments of that period, and the reasons for such debates. To this end, the above-mentioned high school history textbooks were subjected to document analysis and discourse analysis. The construction of evaluations made on the phenomenon of religion and the Islam in the relevant textbooks was focused on besides the intellectual infrastructure reflected by this organization. In this context, the suitableness of inclusion of religious debates in the high school history textbooks in terms of history education was discussed. As a result it was observedthat in spite of religious thought, positivist, naturalist, Darwinist etc. Thougt were used to shed rekigious thought. And was wanted from students to have task awareness by political reaction and using religion for politic speech. It was aimed to build secular social structure identity.

Wikipedia and Historiography: The Case of Singapore and the Philippines Compared

This paper explores the intellectual space of Wikipedia history-writing and raises questions about the nature of the relationship between this new virtual territory and the world of older print media history-writing using as examples the pages devoted to the national histories of the Philippines and Singapore.Cet article explore l’espace intellectuel que constitue Wikipédia dans la rédaction de l’histoire et questionne la nature du lien entre ce nouveau territoire virtuel et le monde traditionnel de l’imprimé. Seront examinées en exemple les pages consacrées à l’histoire nationale des Philippines et de Singapour.

Measuring the research experience of research postgraduate students in Hong Kong

To date, there has been little research in non-Western contexts exploring the research experience of research higher degree (RHD) students and the effect of research experience on student outcomes. The purposes of this study were to validate the Student Research Experience Questionnaire (SREQ) developed in Australia in the Hong Kong context and to explore the relationships between student research experiences and their perceived skill development and overall satisfaction with their research degree experiences. Data were collected from 599 RHD students. The results supported the construct validity of four SREQ scales (supervision, infrastructure, intellectual climate and skill development). The results of the structural equation modelling suggested that supervision related to students' perceived skill development and overall satisfaction, while intellectual climate and infrastructure were related to overall satisfaction only. The data provide a better understanding of how we can promote positive learning outcomes of RHD students.