Intellectual Cooperation Research Articles

Repairing the teaching of contempt: Jules Isaac’s contribution to Jewish-Catholic relations

This paper surveys and evaluates the contribution of Jules Isaac to the reorientation of relations between Christians and Jews. Jules Isaac, French educator, historian and bureaucrat committed his life to the repair of relations between Christians and Jews. He played a pivotal role in promoting consideration of Jews and Judaism at the Second Vatican Council. His life and career, while little known or appreciated by religious educators in the English-speaking world, reveal how an agile application of committed diplomacy, critical intellectual endeavour and cooperation across religious boundaries contributed to an increase in Christian self-understanding and a revitalised approach to interreligious relations. The work of religious educators is indebted to the life and career of Jules Isaac.

Papal Diplomacy by Proxy? Catholic Internationalism at the League of Nations’ International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, 1922–1939

The Holy See's involvement in interwar multilateralism is rarely acknowledged, largely due to its exclusion from the Versailles settlement and resulting institutions. Using new archival findings, this article reevaluates the Vatican's role in the contestation and construction of this new order, focusing on the League's International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation. Unofficially acting as Vatican intermediaries, a number of League officials quietly promoted Catholic visions of internationalism from within this body. The activities of these individuals provided an alternative method for promoting the Holy See's interests within the emergent international order, in conscious competition with more dominant secular conceptions of internationalism.

National standards of pharmaceutical education in the context of reforming legislation of higher education

Socially significant steps of Ukraine in issue of European integration are measures to reform legislation on higher education in context of Bologna process, namely: adoption of National Qualifications Framework and new edition of Law of Ukraine On Higher Education. The National Qualifications Framework (NQF, 2011) provides for the introduction of European standards and principles to ensure quality of education, taking into account requirements of labor market to competence of specialists. According to formal characteristics, NQF is a matrix with static support elements – descriptors, which determine vector of movement to a specific goal. The legal basis for modernization of educational activities and standards of higher education was new edition of Law of Ukraine On Higher (2014).The purpose of article is a scientific and analytical study of process of forming national standards for higher education, in particular, standards of pharmaceutical higher education.Materials and methods. The study was based on analysis of normative and legal and other normative acts on higher education, issues of standardization of higher education and systematization of qualifications, as well as scientific developments on this issue.Methods of research – bibliographic, linguistic, contextual, substantive-legal, comparative-legal, generalization, description of results.Results. Updating wording of Law of Ukraine On Higher Education, which is basic normative legal act of higher legal action in higher education, adjustment of its basic principles, concepts and approaches, objectively entailed renewal of entire regulatory and legal framework regulating organization of higher education. Equally, this also affected standards of higher education. This issue in Act is reserved Section III: Standards of educational activity and higher education, where terminological concept and general algorithm for formation of standard of higher education is precisely fixed. The draft standard of higher education in specialty 226 Pharmacy (master's degree) is developed as a result of intellectual cooperation of team of high-ranking scientists and teachers of pharmaceutical higher school. It forms basis for modernization of higher professional education on way of integration into European educational space.Conclusions: The draft standard of higher education developed by academic community on specialty 226 Pharmacy (master's degree) is based on relevant provisions of Law of Ukraine On Higher and Methodological Recommendations for its development and creates a basis for modernization of higher professional education on path of integration into European educational space . The question on urgent proper actions of National Agency for Quality Assurance of Higher Education and MES of Ukraine, for its implementation as a legitimate standard of higher education in relevant specialty. The existing draft standard of higher education in specialty 226 Pharmacy has potential for improvement.

SAYYID QUTB AND THE CRISIS OF CULTURE IN LATE 1940S EGYPT

AbstractThis article focuses on the writings and literary networks of the Egyptian intellectual and activist Sayyid Qutb during the late 1940s. Scholars have tended to explain Qutb's political radicalization and joining of the Muslim Brotherhood during the subsequent decade via aspects of his personality or personal life, such as his quick temper, conservatism, or frustration over unfulfilled aspirations to become a writer. Drawing on three periodicals published respectively by leftist, Islamist, and independent aspiring writers, I instead place Qutb's criticism of political, economic, and cultural elites in the context of an emerging generation of critical intellectuals. By shedding light on intellectual cooperation between Qutb, Muslim Brothers, Marxists, and independent writers, this article challenges established scholarly narratives that locate the Islamist project outside the Egyptian intellectual field.

From Intellectual Co-operation to International Cultural Exchange: Ideological Shifts in the International Committee on Intellectual Co-operation

From Intellectual Co-operation to International Cultural Exchange: Ideological Shifts in the International Committee on Intellectual Co-operation

Moral Disarmament: Reviving a Legacy of the Great War

In short, this Article examines the concept of moral disarmament using a broad-spectrum definition of humanity rather than the traditional IHL perspective. Rather than referring to human rights that are impacted by armaments, this Article looks at methods through which human initiative can create a society that truly hungers for disarmament. In other words, this Article points out that the extent of change that society can bring about through education, intellectual cooperation, peace initiatives, international affairs awareness, and intercultural communication can be reflected in the economic growth, social growth, and development of states. The aim is to help the reader envisage a world where moral disarmament is part of the fabric of society, thus helping to create an environment where people begin to see disarmament as a way of life or a natural result of the peace and prosperity that they otherwise enjoy.

Ecologia, cooperação internacional e configuração biogeográfica do Brasil: Pierre Dansereau e o acordo científico Brasil-Canadá nos anos 1940

Resumo O artigo analisa o trabalho realizado no Brasil pelo ecólogo canadense Pierre Dansereau (1911-2011), por meio de acordo científico firmado entre a Divisão de Cooperação Intelectual do Ministério das Relações Exteriores e a Embaixada do Canadá no país em 1944. Dansereau é considerado um dos principais nomes da ecologia no século XX e veio ao Brasil em 1945 como diretor do Serviço de Biogeografia da Província do Québec. Seu plano de estudos ecológicos previa expedições científicas, formação de pessoal especializado e perspectivas de cooperação internacional com instituições como o Museu Nacional, o Conselho Nacional de Geografia e o Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Sua viagem ao Brasil permite analisar as inter-relações entre a geopolítica do desenvolvimentismo brasileiro, o nacionalismo quebequense, o panamericanismo como movimento intelectual e a tentativa de estabelecimento de rede francófona de pesquisa em biogeografia, ecologia e sociologia vegetal.

Methodological challenges of investigating in-tellectual cooperation, relational expertise, and transformative agency

Methodological issues arise with the research of societal practices of ‘knowing’. This object of study is understood as concrete human activity that always integrates mental, communicative and practical behaviour in interaction and cooperation with others. Especially with regard to contemporary forms of labour in the high-tech-world, this issue has become a salient task. As it is explained, it implies investigation of people communicating and reasoning while developing concrete forms of activity. In particular, the methodological issues concern the social and psychodynamic quality of this practice. Within the tradition of cultural-historical research and activity theory, mile-stones of this matter have already been reached. Cultural-historical concepts like the ‘motive’ of an activity as well as the ‘emotions’ that bias the ‘experience’ of ‘transformative engagements’ with the world show that their theoretical and methodological understanding are adept to approach the dialectics between the social and the individual quality of practice and agency in general, but also with regard to contemporary challenges of intellectualized cooperation in particular. ‘Double stimulation’, a concept coined by Vygotsky, is relevant in this context as well. However, the paper discusses critically whether it fits with the system theoretical understanding of activities and transformative agency as it can be found in Engeström’s writings. Finally, the core requirements for a VET-research methodology for intellectualized collaboration are resumed.

The hot spot transformation in the research evolution of maker

The rapid development of digital technology together with the grassroots innovation has led to a new landmark of maker culture. Recently, a search with the query of ‘‘makerspace’’, ‘‘maker movement’’ and ‘‘maker culture’’ in Google Scholar found over 10,000 documents in total. As the volume of the literature grows rapidly, thus, a systematic review of maker research and its current challenges becomes essential. This study surveys the literature of maker between 1975 and 2016. The overall structure of its intellectual landscape is illustrated in terms of thematic concentrations of knowledge clusters of maker study, hot research categories and keywords, major contributing factors including contributing countries, organizations, and authors. Our review is based on 836 bibliographic records retrieved from the ISI Web of Science and visualized by the scientometric software of CiteSpace. This application results in comprehensive knowledge maps of maker research. The study identifies major intellectual cooperation network, co-occurrence keywords, research clusters and landmark articles, including: (1) the thematic clusters of ‘‘maker movement’’, ‘‘DIY culture and extended milieu’’, ‘‘craftsman hero’’ reflects the biggest knowledge base clusters of maker study. (2) “Physical computing”, “maker space”, “maker movement”, “3D printer” are the major frontiers of maker research based on analysis of citation burst. (3) In terms of contributing countries, institutions, authors, the major driving force of maker research is from the United States of America, England and Germany, with University of California Berkeley, Georgia Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology being major contributing institutions. Paulo Blikstein from Stanford University USA, Vasilis Kostakis from Tallinn University of Technology Estonia, Hans-Joachim Bohme from Technische Universitat Ilmenau German all have published three articles and rank at the top of the author list.

Blooming of the Novel in the Bloomsbury Group: An Investigation to the Impact of the Members of Bloomsbury Group on the Composition of the Selected Works of Virginia Woolf and E.M. Forster

“For masterpieces are not single and solitary births; they are the outcome of many years of thinking in common, of thinking by the body of the people, so that the experience of the mass is behind the single voice…”. Woolf’s belief has been put to the test in the Bloomsbury Group and this paper intends to investigate the validity of her claim through a critical analysis of the selected works of its novelist members. In a central part of London during the first half of the twentieth century a group of intellectual and literary writers, artists, critics and an economist came together which later on was labeled as Bloomsbury group. The group’s members had an influential role in blooming novel in a different form of expression and profoundly affect its literary figures, Virginia Woolf and E.M. Forster, in the composition of their fictions The Waves, A Room of One’s Own, To the Lighthouse and Forster’s A Room with a view and Howards End. The formation of Bloomsbury circle acted as a bridge from the Victorian bigotries and narrow-mindedness to the unbounded era of modernism as they searched for universal peace, individual liberalism and human accomplishments due to ideal social norms. They freely exchanged their views on variety of subjects without any limitation. The reasons behind their popularity compared to several contemporary groups were their innumerable works, the clarification of their lives through their diaries, biographies and autobiographies and their diverse kinds of activities such as criticism, painting, politics and literary writings. They were adherents of truth, goodness, enjoyment of beautiful object, intrinsic values, aesthetics, friendship and personal relationship. Intellectual intimacy and cooperation can be considered as the main attribute of its members as they collaborate with each other and employ the fundamental tenets of the group within their works. The modern style of its artists as post-impressionist highly affects the narration technique of its literary figures. These novelists tried to narrate the verbal utterances in a visual way as if the whole of the story is depicted on a canvas. Furthermore, this paper tries to discover the role of the non-literary (painters and critics) members of the group in blooming and forming of a different and novel kind of narration technique, namely ‘stream of consciousness’, through the visual impact of the painter and the discussion method of critic members of the group.

Activism in the ‘Students’ League of Nations’: International Student Politics and the Confédération Internationale des Étudiants, 1919–1939

Abstract The aftermath of the First World War saw manifold efforts to (re-)construct an international community. One striking feature of this development was the foundation of a number of international student organisations. This article analyses the largest of these organisations—the International Confederation of Students (Confédération internationale des Étudiants, CIE), using it as a prism through which to examine four major aspects of inter-war student internationalism: nationalism, intellectual co-operation, mobility and radicalism. The CIE brought together the representatives of different national unions of students and thus involved activists who could cast themselves as future leaders. It portrayed its activities as ‘apolitical’, embracing an internationalism that sought to consolidate, rather than overthrow, the international order. To this end, the organisation co-operated with the League of Nations, particularly in the realm of student travel. Yet, despite its discourse of peace and non-partisanship, the CIE suffered from manifold national divisions and maintained an uneasy relationship with the political developments of the period. In this context, the article shows how, rather than being the domain of impractical idealists, internationalism provided an arena for the pursuit of competing national and political agendas.

<b>Da experiência numa escola nova à educação com crianças ‘anormais’: Faria de Vasconcelos (1880-1939) no contexto do ensino especial

Abordamos o escolanovista Faria de Vasconcelos, no âmbito da pedagogia moderna, da experiência na escola de Biérges (Bélgica) e da educação especial, com crianças anormais escolares. Com uma análise hermenêutica e histórico-descritiva, sobre o seu pensamento e ação pedagógica, pretendemos como objetivos: aprofundar a sua experiência em Biérges, integrada na Escola Nova, que envolvia os alunos para a inclusão, o poder de iniciativa, a observação, a experimentação e a cultura integral, ligando pensamento-ação; analisar os contributos dados à educação das crianças ‘anormais pedagógicas’ e às escolas, desde a reeducação mental e pedagógica. O marco teórico de análise assenta nas obras de Vasconcelos. O ensino partia sempre da aplicação prática, da aprendizagem por indagação, resolução de problemas e no trabalhar ‘fazendo’, desenvolvendo as dimensões básicas da criança: física, intelectual, moral e a cooperação cívica. A atenção especial dedicada aos ‘anormais’ que, na época não tinham escolas especiais, foi um contributo enorme à educação especial, realizando exames psicopedagógicos, diagnósticos e intervenções, que davam uma orientação útil às escolas e professores. Muito do que fez o nosso escolanovista estimulou escolas na época e a formação de cidadãos livres, produtivos, com uma cultura geral e formação profissional. As propostas de Vasconcelos enquadram-seem algumas diretrizes da educação especial e apoio psicopedagógico.

Technical Art History and the First Conference on the Scientific Analysis of Works of Art (Rome, 1930)

AbstractTechnical studies made their disciplinary entrance in art history in the first half of the twentieth century. This development happened at different speeds in different Western countries. Whereas the situation in the United States is well known, the European context has received less attention. The first International Conference for the Study of Scientific Methods in the Examination and Conservation of Artworks, held in Rome in October 1930, was a crucial turning point for the establishment of technical art history. The French scholar Henri Focillon played a significant role by supporting technical studies within the International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation. One of the few Italian scholars interested in the emerging methods of technical art history was Lionello Venturi, who had, during his exile in the United States, encountered the laboratory criticism of Alan Burroughs, responsible for x-ray examination at the Fogg Art Museum. Another scholar who promoted the new approach was Fernand...

Disciplinary Conquests: U.S. Scholars in South America, 1900–1945 by Ricardo D. Salvatore

Salvatore, Ricardo D. Disciplinary Conquests: U.S. Scholars in South America, 1900-1945. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Ricardo D. Salvatore, plenary professor at Universidad Torcuato Di Telia in Buenos Aires, has written and edited many books about Latin American history. His monograph Wandering Paysanos: State Order and Subaltern Experience in Buenos Aires during the Rosas Era offers excellent exploration of the lower classes during the dictatorship of Juan Manuel de Rosas. addition, he edited Crime and Punishment in Latin America: Law and Society Since Late Colonial Times, with Gilbert M. Joseph and Carlos Aguirre, and Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.-Latin American Relations, with Gilbert M. Joseph and Catherine C. LeGrand. other words, he is expert on the history of Latin America, particularly the relationship between South and the United States. Disciplinary Conquests: U.S. Scholars in South America, 1900-1945, Salvatore argues that the United States rediscovered South during the first half of the twentieth century. This tome analyzes five scholars--archaeologist Hiram Bingham, historian Clarence H. Haring, political scientist Leo S. Rowe, geographer Isaiah Bowman, and sociologist Edward A. Ross--to explore disciplinary conquests [how scholars engaged with distinct elements of South America]. In a region free from direct US military and political intervention, he asserts, information gathering and knowledge production constituted cumulative acts of possession, through which the United States apprehended, systematized, and rendered legible the realities of South America (1-2). Disciplinary Conquests explores elements of each scholar's career. Bingham won laurels for rediscovering the city of Machu Pichu. His subsequent Yale Peruvian Expedition was impressive scientific endeavor, but also an enterprise of conquest, a moment when business and scholarship united in the construction of the US informal empire (77). From his perch at Harvard, Haring, the idea of a comprehensive and parallel history of the hemisphere (107). He also helped develop the sub-discipline of Hispanic American history. As a colonial administrator in Puerto Rico, political scientist Rowe developed the principle of education in self-rule for the Caribbean. On the other hand, after spending time among South American academics, he argued intellectual cooperation should be the foundation of the relationship between the United States and South (136). Bowman, a pioneer geographer, argued that geography could help the United States assume greater responsibility in managing world affairs. Ross, one of the first transnationally informed sociologists, contributed to the enterprise of rendering South visible to U.S. Americans (189). The point about rendering South visible illuminates important theme. …

Review: On Intellectual Property Cooperation and the Public Interest in Africa

Review: On Intellectual Property Cooperation and the Public Interest in Africa

Related Party Cooperation and Stock Prices Reactions: An Empirical Investigation on the A-Share Listed Companies in China

Taking the 146 related-party technological cooperation announcements by Chinese listed companies from January 2008 to July 2013 as the sample, the article investigates the impact of the focal firms’ intellectual capital and cooperation frequency between related parties on the focal firms’ stock prices reactions. The empirical results indicate that focal firms involved in related-party technological cooperation receive strongly positive abnormal returns over the event window of (-1). We show that the cooperation announcements may bring positive stock prices reactions if the focal firms show a higher level of intellectual capital. In addition, our findings suggest that more cooperative activities between related parties may bring positive effects on the stock prices reactions for the focal firms.

With, against and beyond Lefebvre: Planetary urbanization and epistemic plurality

In this paper, we discuss a number of recent efforts to critique, dismantle and problematize the categorical ontologies of ‘the urban’ and articulate an overarching epistemological framework for urban theory. Our intervention in these debates, which to date have focused primarily on Henri Lefebvre’s hypothesis regarding ‘planetary urbanization’, highlights the absence of an engagement with the long legacy within feminist urban scholarship of confronting and dismantling the categories of the ‘urban’ and ‘rural’. We argue that attending to this legacy foregrounds two conceptual and intellectual challenges that Lefebvre sets for us in his writings on the urban phenomenon. The first relates to Lefebvre’s arguments about the central role that a focus on difference and everyday life must play in understanding late capitalist urbanization and the urban condition. The second relates to Lefebvre’s articulation of the simultaneous problem and imperative of epistemological plurality within urban theory, including the role he ascribed to intellectual cooperation on the study of the urban phenomenon. We conclude by offering some thoughts on the importance Lefebvre attached to residual forms of difference – both lived and epistemological – in urban research and action, and by extension, probe some of the limits of Lefebvrian frameworks for understanding the contemporary urban condition.

Europe as a nation? Intellectuals and debate on Europe in the inter-war period

ABSTRACTIn 1933, a number of European intellectuals among whom Paul Valéry, Johan Huizinga, Julien Benda, Hermann von Keyserling, met in Madrid and in Paris to discuss the identity and history of Europe under the initiative of the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations. During the symposia, the participants try to define a common European narrative beyond national differences, and some of them evoke the idea of a European ‘homeland’ or ‘nation’, as already advocated in those years by Gaston Riou (Europe ma patrie, 1928) and Julien Benda (Discours à la nation européenne, 1933). Salvador de Madariaga for example calls for a ‘European nationalism’; Georges Duhamel presents ‘Mother Europe’ as an opposing force to growing patriotism; Julio Dantas hopes for a ‘européenité’ as opposed to the individual ‘national’ feelings. What is the reason for insisting so repeatedly on those concepts, when trying to overcome the dangers of nationalism? This paper analyses the different formulations adopted by the participants in the symposiums to describe their idea of a European ‘nation/homeland’, and tries to identify the specific aspects and historical implications of these concepts.

Creating the “International Mind”: The League of Nations Attempts to Reform History Teaching, 1920–1939

After the First World War, the League of Nations, through its International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, attempted to reshape the teaching of history in its member states. The League's supporters realized that its long-term success depended in part on supportive public opinion and that this, in turn, had implications for education. Aware of the strength of national loyalties, the League sought not to abolish the teaching of national history but to suffuse it with the spirit of the “international mind.” To this end, the League promoted revision of history textbooks and curricula, retraining of teachers, and rethinking of teaching methods. National governments responded by including some study of the League in history curricula but ignored the League's broader plans. Nonetheless, the League's attempt to internationalize the teaching of history opened up a debate that continues today as schools seek to strike a balance between claims of national and global history.

Demandas históricas: a constituição da Ciência da Conservação e a formação do Conservador-Restaurador

A integracao gradual da ciencia no âmbito museologico e o fortalecimento da colaboracao entre conservadores-restauradores, cientistas da conservacao e curadores podem fornecer as pistas necessarias para compreender a historia da Ciencia da Conservacao. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a Primeira Conferencia Internacional para o Estudo de Metodos Cientificos para o Exame e Conservacao de Obras de Arte, que ocorreu em Roma, em 1930. Realizado sob os auspicios do Escritorio Internacional de Museus (1926-194), do Instituto Internacional de Cooperacao Intelectual (1924-1946) e por meio das acoes dos comites nacionais, este encontro pode ser considerado um marco no estabelecimento da area da Ciencia da Conservacao, tanto no que se refere a visibilidade dos primeiros laboratorios, quanto no que concerne as discussoes de formacao do conservador -restaurador.