Intellectual Construction Research Articles

Nuevo Museo nacional de carruajes. Lisboa. Portugal

<p>El proyecto para las nuevas instalaciones del Museu dos Coches (Museo de las Carruajes) plantea primordialmente a la arquitectura dos cuestiones básicas. Desde el punto de vista de la Museología, un criterio básico para la exposición del notable patrimonio. Desde el punto de vista del Urbanismo, su implantación en el recinto monumental, amparada por el proyecto gubernamental “Belém Redescoberta”.</p><p>Desde el punto de vista Museológico, el proyecto adopta un criterio centrado en la idea de la preservación definitiva, para siempre, del tesoro guardado y visitado en un único tiempo. Considerada la visita bajo todas las formas posibles de desdoblamientos en lo que se refiere a la memoria histórica, como construcción intelectual en el tiempo. Arte y técnica en constante movimiento. Exposiciones y talleres, escenarios que cambian. Sonido e imágenes virtuales asociados a los artefactos originales.</p>

Law for engineering undergraduates on accredited courses

To achieve economies of scale, engineering departments in UK universities may choose to develop common modules. Law is a candidate for such shared delivery. However, professional institution accreditation for undergraduate degree programmes is important. Therefore engineering professional institutions' accreditation documentation was analysed and the relevant law requirements were extracted and summarised. The accreditation role of the Engineering Council and Joint Board of Moderators is explained. In addition, in recognition of the close relationship between civil engineering and construction the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and Chartered Institute of Building's requirements were scrutinised. This paper then critiques the engineering and construction professional institutions' law requirements. Some overlap between the legal topics required by engineering and construction professional institutions is identified; for example, the legal framework, contract, environmental and health and safety law. They differ in that engineering bodies additionally require intellectual property awareness and construction institutions include dispute resolution and land law. It can be argued that both professional bodies should recognise the importance of European law. Who was consulted about the content and who could teach law to engineering and construction undergraduates is questioned. There is some commonality between the requirements of the engineering and construction professional institutions facilitating the delivery of shared law modules.

FUZZY KNOWLEDGEBASE DESIGN FOR INTELLECTUAL SYSTEMS

The approach to fuzzy knowledgebase designing for complex administrative intellectual systems is proposed in the paper. It consists of two phases: structure construction and membership function parameters adjustment. This approach allows accelerate the intellectual systems fuzzy knowledgebase construction.

Remedios para un cuerpo político que declina. El arbitrismo de Manuel Gaytán de Torres y el estrechamiento de los vínculos transatlánticos de la monarquía hispánica (siglo XVII)

This article analyses the memorials of Manuel Gaytan de Torres, a native of Jerez who developed an arbitrism of great scope, heterogeneity and originality of synthesis that articulates various issues and geographic spaces into a functional proposition of the Iberian world. His work facilitates an understanding of the intellectual construction of the polycentric monarchy from the perspective of an arbitrism in which the American viceroyalties are systematically related to the European world, and reproduces contemporary perceptions of the difficulties posed by the different dysfunctions of the Austrian possessions and their solutions.

Psychiatric epidemiology, or the story of a divided discipline

This article traces the historical decisions, concepts and key professional collaborations that laid the foundations for the formation of American psychiatric epidemiology during the 20th century, up to the discipline's institutional consolidation, circa 1980, when the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) was published. Thomas Kuhn's 'disciplinary matrix' is mobilized as a framework that allows the institutional and intellectual construction of a discipline to be analysed as separate but intertwined components, without assuming that the two evolve in tandem. The identification of the strengths as well as the frailties and internal divisions of the discipline as it developed reveals a paradoxical situation: a time lag between psychiatric epidemiology's institutionalization and public recognition, on the one hand; and the weak coherence of its intellectual components, on the other hand. We briefly trace the origins of split among the discipline's aetiological models of mental disorders and suggest that the lack of coherence among them has prevented psychiatric epidemiology from achieving the status of a normal scientific discipline, in the Kuhnian sense. Without a more explicit attention to the intellectual rationale of the discipline, psychiatric epidemiology will continue to maintain a strong institutional dimension and weak intellectual matrix.

Mimmo Paladino, la croce e il labirinto

While walking within the installation, even though moving among its elements, the image cannot really be grasped in its entirety. Hence, Paladino deals with three distincdy contrasting concepts: the part refers to the whole; the part has totality in itself; the part refers only to itself (being unable to take in the totality of the image, the part can only be related to as an autonomous fragment). And the different positions are incompatible because many believe they can experience the whole through the part, ruling out that the world is made up of autonomous fragments. In turn, the idea that reality is made up of fragments independent of one another is inconsistent with the idea that we can grasp the totality. Stele deals with a theme that has been recurrent in Paladinos work since he began working at the end of the 1970s: the world is an intellectual construction that art gives shape to.

The English Katéchon. La mediazione teologico-politica in epoca Tudor

The essay discusses the protean shapes of the politics of memory which conformed English tradition. The intellectual construction of a ‘remembered past’ was inscribed within a theological promise of redemption and salvation; the millenaristic thought created a visionary imagination and supported the recognition of antichristic and katechontic bodies. Moving from these premises, the Author highlights the pivotal role played by Queen Elizabeth I in giving substance to English memory. The main purpose is to investigate the process of cultural negotiation which governed the onto juridical threshold between Elizabeth’s Flesh (that is her natural, physical, female and even sexual consistence) and Elizabeth’s body of sovereignty. The canonical representation construed what, in a very original manner, the Author defines as Katechontic Elizabeth , making an adjectival use of the greek word katechon with its strong theological ascendancy. According to this approach, Elizabeth was depicted as the mundane force destined to fight against the Antichrist, historically embodied by the Roman Pope. In this framework the Author outlines the multifarious devices used to legitimate the cult of the Virgin Queen or, more incisively, to transform a virginal flesh into a body of salvation, evocatively into a katechontic body . They fundamentally were: an apocalyptic narrative, an apologetic plot, the projection of a millenaristic order and a redundant iconography.

The role of knowledge management processes in building core capabilities ((a study of the views of a sample of professors of scientific research and service centers and consulting offices at the University of Kufa))

Knowledge management is a systemic and integrated process to coordinate the activities of the organization in order to achieve its goals, as defining the essential knowledge is one of the urgent necessities for the cognitive and intellectual construction of it. The researched sample (38) of Ph.D. and Master's degree holders. Some statistical methods were used to test the hypotheses of the research

The Mirror: Advice on Presence and Awareness (dran pa dang shes bzhin gyi gdams pa me long ma)

“The Mirror: Advice on the Presence of Awareness” (dran pa dang shes bzhin gyi gdams pa me long ma) is a short text that describes the essence of the Dzogchen teaching (rdzogs chen, total perfection). Concerning the way to establish this point of view (lta ba), the main point is to have a direct understanding through the experience of our primordial state of pure presence, beyond any mental or intellectual construction. With regard to meditation (sgom pa), this involves practicing in order to be sure to understand our own true nature, the non-dual condition of the calm state (the essence of the mind) and movement (its natural energy). Behavior (spyod pa) is the integration of meditation in all our daily activities, continuing in the state of pure presence in every circumstance of life. This is the total realization.

‘Peasantist nationalism’ in inter-war Greece (1927–41)

‘Peasantist nationalism’ was a new radical nationalist discourse in the twentieth century. The crisis in agriculture in the 1920s, urbanism and the perceived overpopulation of the cities were important social factors that instigated the intellectual construction of the ‘peasantist nation’. Peasantist nationalism was by and large constructed by agronomists, a new stratum of technocrats who used nationalism as a vehicle for social mobility and their entry into the strata of the organic intellectuals of the bourgeoisie. Peasantist nationalist ideas, set forth earlier by the agronomists, were adopted by Metaxas’ quasi-fascist regime and upgraded to the level of the state’s hegemonic ideology.

Sacrée Parole ! Exégèse, Ecriture sainte et Parole de Dieu d’après Dominique Grima et Armand de Belvézer, O. P

Sacred Word ! Exegesis, Holy Scripture and Word of God, according to Dominique Grima and Armand de Belvézer, O. P. Before being a religion of the Book, Christianity is a religion of the Word, uttered, heard, memorised, passed on, interpreted. The Word of God, Holy Scripture and the word of the preaching clerics when they comment on the Bible, are three instances of the same schema of the « Sacred Word » which guarantees the social cohesion of medieval Christianity. The biblical Principium and the commentary on the preface Frater Ambrosius by Dominique Grima, the lectures or « collations » De Verbo Domini and De Scriptura sacra of Armand de Belvézer allow the reconstruction of a Christian cycle of the Word, whose dynamics are based a priori on three fundamentals : a logical « leap », which consists of imagining God as a speaking thought (Word or Logos), a prophetic « leap » which considers God as the author of some human words, and an hermeneutic « leap ». This latter leads to acceptance of a corpus of texts as part of the Canon, the Bible, by projecting onto its narrated history the faith-given meaning developed through the consensus of Churches. All the theological justifications of ecclesiastical practice are based on this intellectual construction which considers as sacred some elements of the human word by attributing to them a transcendent origin and divine meaning and power.

A parricidal memory: Flanders’ memorial universe as product and producer of Belgian history

This article examines how the Belgian patriotic collective memory in Flanders during the 20th century was supplanted by a Flemish Nationalist counter memory. The article starts with a semiotic analysis of some concrete commemorative practices and discourses surrounding the brothers Van Raemdonck, two Flemish soldiers who died during the First World War and were venerated as Flemish heroes. Next, these cases are situated in some larger themes and tendencies dominating the intellectual construction of Flemish National collective memory during the 19th and 20th centuries. Finally, the success of these themes is related to the broader cultural, social and political context of Belgium. Through this widening perspective, the article shows not only that Flemish National collective memory was construed from within Belgian patriotic memory, but also that it profited from the weaknesses in the construction of the Belgian State to become the dominant ‘memorial universe’.

Space perception and William James's metaphysical presuppositions.

William James's overtly philosophical work may be more continuous with his psychological work than is sometimes thought. His Essays in Radical Empiricism can be understood as an explicit statement of the absolute presupposition that formed the basis of Jamesian psychology: that direct experience is primary and has to be taken at face value. An examination of James's theory of space perception suggests that, even in his early work, he presupposed the primacy of direct experience, and that later changes in his account of space perception can be understood as making his view more consistent with this presupposition. In his earlier view of space perception, James argued that sensations were directly experienced as spatial, though he accepted that spatial relations between sensations may be constructed by higher order thought. In his later view, however, James argued that spatial relations were just as directly experienced as sensations. The work of T. H. Green may have prompted James to recognize the full consequence of his ideas and to realize that taking experience at face value required that spatial relations be thought of as intrinsic to experience rather than the result of intellectual construction.

The Quest for Jewish Assimilation in Modern Social Science (review)

Reviewed by: The Quest for Jewish Assimilation in Modern Social Science Mitchell G. Ash, Head The Quest for Jewish Assimilation in Modern Social Science, by Amos Morris-Reich. Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought, Vol. 54. London: Routledge, 2008. 193 pp. $95.00. In this short but interestingly conceived volume, Amos Morris-Reich presents a systematic study of the role of the Jews and Jewish assimilation in the [End Page 193] thought of Franz Boas and Georg Simmel. The two thinkers are of obvious interest, because both were of Jewish background but themselves assimilated into German-Jewish culture, albeit in different ways, and because their thinking was formative for social and cultural anthropology (Boas) and theoretical sociology (Simmel), respectively. The volume's clearly stated thesis is that the concept of the Jews and Jewish assimilation played a central role in the thinking of both authors, and therefore in the intellectual construction of modern social science. That this thesis is correct seems obvious; new are the comparative approach and the way Morris-Reich goes about his analysis. Although Morris-Reich offers some biographical details, historical context takes second place here to a history of ideas approach. Here, the relevant linkages are to other thinkers (for example, to Kant, Moritz Lazarus, and Dil-they in the case of Simmel), more than to other formative influences, such as the social context of academic scholarship. This emphasis is appropriate, ironically, even from a social historical viewpoint, because the milieu in which both thinkers learned what scholarship is encouraged precisely such philosophical groundings and intellectualized self-conceptions. As Morris-Reich notes, however, his authors paid a price for taking such an approach; in their work, "the Jews" constitute a conceptual entity related to, but not necessarily identical with, actual Jews; nor did either author actually engage in extensive empirical research on Jews. In the first part of the book, Morris-Reich presents a carefully nuanced and illuminating analysis of Franz Boas's shift from physical to social and cultural anthropology (from "race" to "culture") after his move from Germany to the United States, and the impact of that shift on his thinking both about "race" and about "the Jews." Surprisingly, however, as Morris-Reich shows, Boas's representations of Jews did not actually result from his turn to society and culture, but "derived from the principles he developed for the study and representation of physical differences among populations" (p. 45). Geography was central among these principles; "the Jews" initially represented for Boas variations within an "Oriental type," who assimilated easily into the surrounding populations. It was precisely on the basis of such thinking, on this account, that Boas could later argue that the category of "race," understood as a fixed physical type, had no scientific standing; and it was on the basis of that claim, based in part on his views on "the Jews," that Boas became one of the leading anti-racist scholars in the United States from the 1920s through the 1940s. Especially interesting is Morris-Reich's additional discussion of the impact of Boas' later anti-racist cultural pluralism on studies of race and ethnicity in America (often carried out by assimilated Jews who had studied with Boas), and on discourse about "race" since 1945. Here Morris-Reich does not [End Page 194] neglect to add a brief section on the problems posed for anti-racist pluralist thinking by recent renewed discussion of "physical" (now, genetic) markers in ethnic populations (e.g., markers for heritable diseases like Tay-Sachs among so-called Ashkenasi Jews). Most important and innovative in the second part of the book is Morris-Reich's emphasis on the role of Jews and Jewish assimilation in Georg Simmel's general sociology, rather than on his often-cited essay "The Stranger" (1908). This approach helps him to establish that Simmel's Neo-Kantian style of thinking profoundly affected his conception of "the Jew." As he shows, in Simmel's writings "the Jew" appears as an abstract entity, a subset of broader categories like "the social," "societion" or "otherness," not as a group of actual human beings in all its diversity. Put ironically, we could say that Simmel's "Jew...

Ônibus 174: leitura sobre uma certa 'mancha'

Este ensaio faz uma leitura do documentário Ônibus 174 (Brasil, 2002, direção de José Padilha), ensaiando alguns recortes sobre a construção midiática e intelectual de leituras e interpretações correntes de um fato social. Para tal empreitada, se utiliza especialmente das teorizações de Jean Baudrillard sobre a questão dos simulacros e de Gilles Deleuze sobre a sociedade de controle.

Unfulfilled promise: radical discourses in South African educational historiography, 1970–2007

This paper examines the discourses and modes of representation embodied in educational historiography from the 1970s to the present and their implications for intellectual identity construction in SA. The paper shows how the theoretical foundations of the liberal and Afrikaner nationalist discourses, which vacillated between race and ethnicity, shifted to social class and gender in radical and neo‐Marxist discursive formations of the 1980s. It highlights how the decline of radical scholarship has resulted in a synthesis of constructivist and postmodernist discourses that privilege nation‐building, identity and cultural diversity after apartheid within a predominantly neo‐liberal paradigm. It argues that the transition to post‐apartheid education came to be thought about within a horizon of possibilities different from the rigid paradigmatic tradition of the short‐lived neo‐Marxist school of the 1970s and 1980s.

Response to Vanclayet al.on Farming Styles: Q Methodology for Identifying Styles and its Relevance to Extension

AbstractIn 2006 Vanclayet al.provided a critical account of the concept of farming styles and proposed revised concepts that enhance our understanding of styles. Their research experience led them to reconceptualise farming styles by applying them to five levels. They concluded that there was no support for a single set of farming styles, that farming styles are more an intellectual construction than a social construction, and that they were not real. In their revised view of farming styles Vanclayet al.discussed and assessed eight issues about the concept of farming styles. We agree with all but two of these assessments – the claim that there is no method that can uncover styles of farming and the claim that such research is not useful for extension. We show in this article that there is a well‐established method for identifying farming styles and that such research is very useful for extension. In making our case we contribute to a better understanding of farming styles, one that uses a method that rests on what farmers state is their approach to managing a farm rather than on methods that rely on researcher assessments of farming styles.

In the early childhood period children's decision-making processes

One of the aims of the early childhood education is to equip children with the necessities of the changing and developing world. To be able to adapt to the fast changing and developing world, decision-making is a crucial life skill; for it has been seen that children have been frequently confronting situations of making decisions in their daily lives like the adults. Active learning teaches children the decision-making process related to learning and enables this process to work actively. Since there is interaction in the basis of active learning, it enables children to take some decisions relevant to learning process and to use their own intellectual construction. The period of time that a child is engaged in the active learning work is important for the development of decision-making process.The purpose of this research is to reveal decision-making processes of the experienced experience children who have been taking this education since they were four and those inexperienced unexperience children who have just started taking this education in the groups of active learning at the age of six, which is the early childhood period. In this research, half structured interview technique has been used, which is one part of the descriptive research techniques. To be used in the research, an interview protocol, which contains open ended questions, has been developed by the researcher and it has been used in all of the interviews. The children who belonged to the same socio-economic level in three private pre-school educational institutions and who were in the six-year-old group took part in the research. The groups were formed as experience teacher-experience child (n: 33), experience teacher-unexperience child (n: 22), unexperience teacher-unexperience child (n: 46). Since descriptive data have been collected, content analysis has been used in this research.At the result of this research, the children who took part in the group of experience child- experience teacher are seen to produce much more alternatives. It has also been observed that the children in the group of unexperience child-unexperience teacher have used imperative expressions much more than the other groups while speaking to each other. But in the group of experience child-experience teacher, expressions emphasizing cooperation have been found much more than the others. For this reason, spreading the methods and techniques of active learning in the early childhood education is of great significance.

<i>Commemorating the Past, Celebrating the Present, Creating the Future: Papers in Observance of the 50th Anniversary of the Association for Library Collections and Technical Services</i> (review)

Reviewed by: Commemorating the Past, Celebrating the Present, Creating the Future: Papers in Observance of the 50th Anniversary of the Association for Library Collections and Technical Services Ellen Cunningham-Kruppa Commemorating the Past, Celebrating the Present, Creating the Future: Papers in Observance of the 50th Anniversary of the Association for Library Collections and Technical Services. Edited by Pamela Bluh. Chicago: American Library Association, 2007. 207 pp. $38.50. ISBN 978-0838-98431-4. Commemorating the Past, Celebrating the Present, Creating the Future witnesses the rapid and complex evolution libraries and librarianship have experienced in the past half-century. Most particularly, the book focuses on the fifty-year history (1957–2007) of the American Library Association’s Resources and Technical Services Division (RTSD), which in 1989 underwent a name change to become the Association of Library Collections and Technical Services (ALCTS). The library profession has published little about its recent history, likely because librarians are fully occupied creating and living out history. Commemorating is a welcome and important contribution to the field’s historical documentation. Miriam Palm’s role as compiler of Commemorating is evinced in the excellent array of selected authors, well known in the field for their leadership and [End Page 487] thoughtfulness. The consistency of each essay’s structure and flow speaks to Palm’s careful attention to the monograph’s intellectual construction. Pamela Bluh, known for her significant and longtime contributions to the development of best practices in serials librarianship, shines as editor of this technically well produced publication. Commemorating opens with an essay entitled “RTSD and ALCTS: A Personal History through the Eyes of Our Leaders” by Palm and Brian Schottlaender of the University of California, San Diego, that briefly charts the historical development of RTSD and its organizational structure, headquarters staffing, and publications. The essay includes remembrances of seventeen past RTSD/ALCTS presidents, executive deputy directors, and newsletter editors, including David Weber, Karen Horny, Alex Bloss, Jennifer Younger, and Sheila Intner—professionals at a range of points in their career, and some now retired. These leaders reflect on how they became involved in the field, noting early role models, mentors, and stars of the profession as well as personal career challenges and the changes in technical services librarianship and RTSD/ALCTS. What results is a richly personal accounting by the leaders in technical services librarianship of the most exciting and complex years in the history of cataloging, acquisitions, collection development, and preservation. Recollections range from that of luminary David Weber, former director of Stanford University Libraries, recalling his father, who was a professor of English, and his early influence on Weber’s education in bibliography, to Judith Canaan noting the highlight of her work during the early 1980s in RTSD as organizer of ALA’s first video teleconference, which allowed librarians around the country to “attend” an ALA annual conference. For the library profession the long list of noted mentors and role models represents nothing less than its own Hollywood Walk of Fame. The greater part of the 207 pages of Commemorating comprises substantial papers on the topics of technical services education and the historical development of AACR2, collection development, serials identification and control, ALCTS’s international role, and preservation. Although the papers are primarily historical in nature, some are more reflective of the authors’ personal roles in events, while others include proactive elements. Michael Gorman’s “The True History of AACR2” is a beautiful, often sardonic firsthand description of how the drafting of AACR2 unrolled both in language and structure (and cast of characters). Particularly personal and amusing is Gorman’s account of his role as an author of AACR2. In the pre–word processing days of 1971 Gorman did not know how to type, so he produced more than 511 pages of handwritten text (while serenaded by the songs of the Eagles and Linda Ronstadt), which he then took to an office in the British Library “to be typed, corrected, amended, and otherwise done over until they were ready to be copied and circulated to the interested parties” (69). Peggy Johnson’s essay on the historical evolution of collection development recalls that the term “collection development” was not introduced until 1977, when during...

Towards a Theological Metaphysics of Death

Death is an inescapable event. It defines our existence as mortal. It is both a marker of our finitude and a portal to a deeper mystery: what awaits us in, through, and beyond this moment of ending? In thinking about death in the context of a theological dialogue, I identify two key questions: the phenomenological ‘What is death?’ and the philosophical ‘What is the meaning of death?’ as the beginning points of reflection. In general, it is the function of religion to provide some sort of answer to these questions, to give death both coherent definition and adequate understanding. The primary religious response is to articulate appropriate beliefs. But in their intellectual formation and construction, beliefs draw on metaphysics—the structures of logic, language, conceptuality and general worldview presuppositions by which we render all things intelligible and communicable. In this article I shall undertake an exploration of Christian viewpoints on death, which will require noting antecedents and corollaries in Judaism, then discuss possible metaphysical readings of death, that is, philosophical understandings of death that lie within and under, as it were, the otherwise stated religious beliefs about death. The aim of this article is not to present a fully developed ‘theological metaphysics of death’ as such; rather, in the context of an inter-religious dialogical engagement, to raise issues and perspectives from a Christian point of view that might contribute to a wider, more encompassing, theistically oriented understanding of death.