Intellectual Capital Variables Research Articles

The Nexus Between Corporate Governance, CSR, and Firm Value: Tax Avoidance as an Intervening Variable

This research investigates the role of tax avoidance in the relationship between corporate governance, firm value, and corporate social responsibility. The research design is explanatory research, through hypothesis testing. 175 manufacturing companies were observed from 2017 to 2021, with a sample size of 875. A panel regression and leverage acted as a control variable using SPSS software, after conducting models and robustness tests. The findings show the influence of tax avoidance on institutional ownership and economic corporate social responsibility (CSR). Tax avoidance partially mediates the relationship between institutional ownership and firm value, and fully mediates between economic CSR and firm value. The implication for academics and practitioners is that enabling corporate governance requires institutional owners to supervise the determination of company managerial policies. Additionally, the economic CSR program can reduce tax avoidance and is responded to positively by investors. The limitations of the research are that for the constant value to be significant, additional variables should be added to the model. Further research could include adding company performance, gender, and intellectual capital variables. Keywords: corporate governance, corporate responsibility, tax avoidance, leverage, firm value

Impact of Digital Marketing And Intellectual Capital On Business Performance (Case Study Of SMEs In Depok City, West Java)

This study explores the impact of digital marketing and intellectual capital on the business performance of SMEs in Depok City. Using a quantitative approach, this research analyzes data obtained from 100 respondents through online questionnaires. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that both digital marketing and intellectual capital have a significant influence on business performance. Digital marketing, measured through variables such as interactivity, site design, cost/transaction, and incentive programs, has been proven to increase customer engagement and online transaction volumes. On the other hand, intellectual capital, consisting of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, plays a crucial role in enhancing the operational efficiency and profitability of companies. Business performance measurements in this study include profitability, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 77.2% indicates that the digital marketing and intellectual capital variables together explain most of the variability in business performance. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that the use of digital technology in marketing and the management of intellectual capital can enhance a company's competitiveness and overall performance. Thus, this research makes a significant contribution to the literature on digital marketing and intellectual capital management, offering practical insights for business practitioners to improve their marketing strategies and intangible asset management.

Intellectual Capital For Higher Education Competitiveness

Just like those around the world, the higher education institutions in Indonesia also face the issues of accreditation, ranking, and requirements by the public and the government to participate in the improvement of community welfare through the implementation of research and community service for the society. Thus, the role of intellectual capital is very important in supporting higher education competitiveness. Based on a resource-based theory, this study aims to empirically examine the implications of an intellectual capital on higher education competitiveness. This study applies an explanatory design with a quantitative-descriptive-and causality analysis. We use secondary data sourced from public universities in Indonesia with at least “Good” institutionally accredited category, comprising in total of 74 universities. We apply the saturated sampling technique. The study concludes that a human capital has no significant effect on the competitiveness of higher education institutions. On the other hand, structural and relational capitals have a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of universities. Thus, higher education management needs to provide stimuli and encouragement to the existing human resources to increase their capabilities. This research contributes to identifying the intellectual capital variables that affect the competitiveness of higher education institutions in Indonesia. Keywords: human capital, structural capital, relational capital, higher education, competitiveness

The role of intellectual and social capital in funding businesses: a cross-country analysis

ObjetivoEl estudio tiene como objetivo examinar el impacto del capital intelectual y social en la financiación de las empresas.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueUtilizamos modelos de datos de panel de efectos fijos con una muestra de 142 países de los cinco continentes durante el periodo 1998-2018.ResultadosEncontramos que el capital humano (CH), el capital relacional, el capital estructural y el capital social juegan un papel en las decisiones de los inversionistas para financiar un negocio. Encontramos que las decisiones de financiamiento de los inversionistas en los países con bajo índice de desarrollo humano se basan principalmente en la educación, mientras que las de los países con alto índice de desarrollo humano se basan principalmente en el componente de creatividad del CH y en el capital relacional, estructural y social.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónSugerimos replicar el estudio utilizando datos a nivel de empresa dentro de cada país. Por otra parte, la búsqueda de nuevos indicadores de capital intelectual y social (aunque nuestra lista de variables es exhaustiva) tanto a nivel de país como de empresa, constituye una vía interesante para futuras investigaciones.Implicaciones prácticasLos países deben prestar atención al capital intelectual y social para fomentar la actividad empresarial. En particular, los países con bajo desarrollo humano deberían fortalecer el CH, como la tasa de matriculación escolar, con una formación empresarial temprana y aumentar las inversiones en investigación y desarrollo, mientras que los países con un alto nivel de desarrollo humano deberían seguir fomentando las alianzas estratégicas, proteger la propiedad intelectual y mantener o aumentar el nivel de confianza en el país.Originalidad/valorEl estudio contribuye a la literatura al ser el primero en explorar tal variedad de variables de capital intelectual y social desde una perspectiva a nivel de país.

Intellectual Capital and Corporate Sustainable Growth: An Empirical Study on Indian Agribusinesses specific to Pesticides and Fertilizer Companies

This study aims to evaluate the impact of Intellectual Capital on the Sustainable Growth Rate of Indian Agribusiness companies. Intellectual Capital plays a vital role in the global agriculture business. Data is collected from 17 Agribusiness companies engaged explicitly in pesticides and fertilizers between 2011 and 2022, using Prowessiq (CMIE) and financial reports. The Extended Value-Added Intellectual Capital (E-VAIC) model is employed to measure Intellectual Capital. The System Generalized Method of Moments (S-GMM) regression method is employed for data analysis. The results revealed that Innovation Capital Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency are the most significant variables that affect the Sustainable Growth of Indian Agribusiness companies. The other Intellectual Capital variables, such as Relational Capital Efficiency and Structural Capital Efficiency, positively impact the Sustainable Growth Rate. The study concludes that Indian Agribusiness companies must recognize the importance of Intellectual Capital resources and invest in them to achieve long- term corporate growth.

Model Intellectual Capital Sebagai Variabel Moderating Ditinjau Dari Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Profitabilitas Pengaruhnya Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

Using intellectual capital as a moderating variable, this study examines the impact of liquidity, leverage, and profitability on company value. The study examines public banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2021. Secondary data is the data source for this quantitative technique. 39 companies were chosen as samples throughout a six-year period; thus, 234 total data points were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the data. The study's findings and data analysis lead to the conclusion that the variables related to profitability and liquidity increase business value. Firm value is significantly and negatively impacted by the leverage variable. The impact of the liquidity and leverage factors on the firm value variable, which is represented by the Tobins'Q index, can be amplified by the intellectual capital variable. The impact of the profitability variable on the company value variable, which is represented by the Tobins'Q index, is mitigated by the intellectual capital variable.

Do Human Capital Value Added Impact the Risk-Based Performance of Banks? (A Review Based on the CAMEL Model)

Objective: The significance of human capital is well recognized in contemporary times, and the management of firms with a knowledge-centric approach has underscored the importance of intellectual and human capital as key competitive advantages. Among these, the banking industry holds considerable importance, necessitating the industry's focus on leveraging human capital. Methodology: This study examines the relationship between the human capital value-added coefficient, a component of intellectual capital, and bank performance. The CAMEL model is employed to determine the functional components of bank performance. Financial statement data from 12 banks for the years 2012 to 2022 were utilized. Findings: The study's findings indicate a significant relationship between the intellectual capital value-added coefficient and variables such as capital adequacy, asset quality, management, and income, with a nonlinear inverted U-shaped function. In contrast, the relationship between the human capital value-added coefficient and liquidity is nonlinear and U-shaped. Conclusion: The study reveals that human capital value-added significantly impacts bank performance indicators, exhibiting nonlinear, inverted U-shaped relationships with capital adequacy, management, and income, and a U-shaped relationship with liquidity. Strategic investment in human capital is essential for optimizing these performance metrics in the banking sector.

Optimizing firm value: the impact of intellectual capital with competitive advantage

Managing firm value becomes crucial for ensuring shareholder interests. Investors rely on company information, particularly financial reports and ratios, to gauge performance before making investment decisions. Intellectual capital and competitive advantage emerge as key factors influencing firm value. This research aims to provide empirical evidence that intellectual capital has a significant effect on firm value with competitive advantage as a moderator. This study focuses on pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. There are 12 such companies. We selected them based on having complete audited financial reports for the past 5 years. We collected data from audited financial reports of pharmaceutical companies listed from 2017 to 2021. The results suggest that the intellectual capital variable does not affect firm value. Meanwhile, partial testing carried out on indicators of intellectual capital found that only capital employed efficiency had a significant effect on firm value. Competitive advantage as proxied by inventory turnover does not affect firm value. However, competitive advantage as proxied by receivable turnover can have a significant influence on firm value. The research results show that managing intellectual capital efficiently will give rise to competitive advantage which has the impact of increasing firm value.

Implementation of Financial Ratios: Evidence from the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Objective: Knowing the influence between capital structure, intellectual capital, and good corporate governance mechanisms on the company's financial performance.
 Study Design: The population in this study consists of 87 primary consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020-2022. Data from this study comes from the company's annual report.
 Place and Duration of Study: Primary consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022
 Methodology: The method used in data collection is using purposive sampling techniques. For the sample used in this study, a total of 147 company data using multiple regression analysis, model fit test, and hypothesis test were tested using the Eviews 10 analysis tool.
 Results: The results showed that intellectual capital variables and the board of commissioners affected profitability according to the hypothesis, while the capital structure variables, audit committee, and board of directors did not affect the profitability of the company which rejected the initial hypothesis.
 Conclusion: This quantitative research assesses the impact of financial management, corporate governance, and intellectual capital utilization on the financial performance of primary consumer companies, utilizing numerical data to test hypotheses. Specifically, it evaluates the relationships between profitability, liquidity, solvency, board composition, audit committee structure, and value added efficiency of human and structural capital on company returns. The analysis intends to optimize financial ratio performance, governance mechanisms, and intellectual capital employment to improve firm profitability within the sector.

Analysis Of The Effect Of Intellectual Capital And Good Corporate Governance On The Financial Performance Of Sharia Commercial Banks (2017-2021 Period)

This study aim to determin the effect ofintelectual capital and good corporate governanc on the financial performance of Islamic commercial bank. This type of research is a quantitative research with secondary data sources used. This study uses data from the annual financial reports of Islam commercial banks for 2017-2021. The research sample is Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2017-2021. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique in order to obtain eight Islamic Commercial Banks. Processing techniques and data analysis using Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Classical Assumption Test and Hypothesis Test. The program used for calculations uses SPSS version 25 which then interpres the results from SPSS. The results of the study show that the intellectual capital variable has a significan efect on financial performance. Meanwhile, the variables of institutional ownership andmanagerial ownership have no significant effect the financial performance of Islamic Commercial Bank.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan: Studi pada Perbankan yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2017-2019

Financial performance of banking is an indicator that measures the successful or unsuccessful of a bank in carrying out its business activities and indicates that management has managed resources effectively and efficiently. Financial performance is proxied by the entity's profit growth. This study verifies and analyzes the influence of Non-Performing Loans, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Return on Assets, Operating Expenses, Operating Income, Inflation, Net Interest Margin, and Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance of Banking. Type of this research is associative. Population of this research is all around banks where listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2017-2019 period. The sampling technique used was a census/sampling technique, total sample obtained was 41 banks. Hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression. The difference with previous research situated on the addition of the Net Interest Margin and Intellectual Capital variables. The Results of this research prove that NPL has a negative effect on financial performance. LDR, ROA, BOPO, Inflation, NIM, and IC have no effect on financial performance.

Analysis of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance in Creative Industry Wedding Organizer Surabaya City

The purpose of this study is to examine how organizational culture and intellectual capital affect employee performance in Surabaya City's creative wedding organizer sector. This study employs a quantitative methodology. Data collection to be used in this research is through the use of questionnaires and a Likert scale of 1 to 5 in the scoring calculation of the questionnaire. The sampling method used in this research is the purposive sampling method, and we obtained five wedding organizer businesses in Surabaya City with a sample of 56 respondents determined using the Slovin formula. The data were analyzed using Partial Least squares (PLS). The findings of this study demonstrate that the variable of organizational culture has a favorable and significant impact on worker performance. Employee performance is positively and significantly impacted by the intellectual capital variable. Of the three aspects of intellectual capital, the structural capital component is more prominent than the human capital and relational capital dimensions.

The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure on Firm Value with Profitability as an Intervening Variable in SOE Companies Listed on the IDX

This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital and capital structure on firm value and profitability as intervening variables. This research was conducted on publicly listed state-owned companies that have been and are still listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015 -2019 period, namely 22 companies. Samples were taken using purposive sampling, so 17 companies were selected with 85 observations. Research data analysis techniques using path analysis techniques. The method used in this study is the random effect model panel data regression method. The study results show that Intellectual Capital, Capital Structure, and Profitability simultaneously affect Firm Value. Partially the Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure variables do not affect firm value, while Profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Testing the second hypothesis shows that the variable Profitability cannot mediate the relationship between Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure on Firm Value. Keywords: intellectual capital, capital structure, profitability, firm value

The Effect Of Company Size, Industry Type And Research And Development Intensity On Intellectual Capital Disclosure

This study aims to determine the effect of company size, industry type, and the intensity of research and development on intellectual capital disclosure. This research uses secondary data in conducting analysis. The dependent variables are intellectual capital and independent variables, namely company size, industry type, research and development intensity. The population of this research is companies that are included in Kompas100 index on the IDX in 2018. The sample used in this study is 100 samples. Testing the hypothesis of this study using multiple linear regression test. The results showed that: 1) firm size had an effect on intellectual capital disclosure, 2) the type of industry had no effect on intellectual capital disclosure, 3) the intensity of research and development had no effect on intellectual capital disclosure.

Pengaruh Frekuensi Pertemuan Dan Keahlian Keuangan Komite Audit Serta Spesialisasi Dan Kualitas Auditor Eksternal Terhadap Pengungkapan Modal Intelektual

This study discusses the importance of the relationship between audit meetings, financial audit expertise, the specialization of external auditors, and the quality of external auditors on intellectual capital disclosure. Intellectual capital disclosure variable is measured by using the 61 checklists in 3 formats namely tables, images and numeric. In this study, the variables of audit committee’s characteristic are the frequency of meeting’s audit committee and financial expertise of the audit committee, while the variables of auditor external’s characteristic are the specialization of external auditors and the quality of external auditor. The population in this study is the Property and Real Estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018. Total research sample is 18 companies that are selected by Non-Probability Sampling method. This research analyzes the company's annual report using the method of purposive sampling. Data analysis is tested by the test of classical assumptions, test of hypothesis, and simple linear regression analysis method. Based on the results of research conducted it can be seen that the frequency of audit committees influences the disclosure of intellectual capital.

PENGARUH ZAKAT DAN MODAL INTELEKTUAL PADA KINERJA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

The banking industry, especially Islamic Banking in Indonesia, experiences rapid yearly development. This development is influenced by increasing performance. This study aims to examine the effect of zakat and intellectual capital on the performance of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling method. Data obtained from the annual report of Islamic Banking in Indonesia registered with The Central Bank of Republic of Indonesia and The Financial Services Authority from 2011-2020. Data analysis is carried out with validity tests, reliability tests, and hypothesis tests with the help of SPSS applications. The results showed that zakat and intellectual capital variables proved to have no effect on the performance of Islamic Banking in Indonesia for the 2011-2020 period.

The Effect of Intellectual Capital, Size of the Sharia Supervisory Board and Islamicity Performance Index on Profitability

This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital, the size of the sharia supervisory board, and the Islamicity performance index which is proxied by the profitsharing ratio and the zakat performance ratio on profitability which is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach. The population of this study is Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia that are registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the 2017-2021 period and the sample size is 15 banks. Data processing in this study used the STATA 17 program. The analytical method used in this study was the panel data regression analysis model. The results of this study indicate that the Intellectual Capital and Zakat Performance Ratio variables have a positive effect on profitability. Meanwhile, the size of the Sharia Supervisory Board and ProfitSharing Ratio has no effect on Profitability

The Effect of CSR, Intellectual Capital and GCG on Company Value with Financial Performance as a Moderating Variable in Food & Beverage Industry Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)

This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Intellectual Capital and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on company value with financial performance as a moderating variable in food and beverage industry companies listed on the IDX. This research is quantitative research, using secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The total population in this study is 54 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 -2019. There are 11 companies that meet the criteria to be sampled in this company. The analysis technique used in this research is Descriptive Statistics test, Classical Assumption test, Multiple Linear Regression analysis, Hypothesis testing and MRA. The results of this study indicate that the CSR and Intellectual Capital variables have no significant effect on firm value, Good Corporate Governance and Financial Performance have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Indirectly, financial performance has succeeded in strengthening the relationship between CSR and Intellectual Capital on company value, while financial performance has not been able to moderate the relationship between Good Corporate Governance and company value.

The Effect of Ownership of Managerial, Independent Board of Commissioners, Board of Directors and Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance

Financial performance is one of the significant aspects of measuring industrial profits. The purpose of this research is to find empirical evidence of the influence of Managerial Ownership, Independent Board of Commissioners, Board of Directors, and Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance. The population in this study are banking companies in 2018-2021 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sampling technique used is a purposive sampling technique to obtain a sample of 79 samples that have met the criteria. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. Financial performance in this study was measured using the profitability ratio (ROA). The results of this study prove that the variables of managerial ownership, independent board of commissioners, and board of directors do not affect financial performance. While the intellectual capital variable has a positive effect on financial performance.

THE EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, DIRECTOR’S EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND, ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING, AND FIRM SIZE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SHARIA MAQASHID

This study aimed to determine the effect of intellectual capital, corporate educational background, Islamic social reporting, and measures on the performance of Islamic maqashid. The sample used in this study is Islamic Commercial Banks in 2009-2021 as many as 154 samples. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression model analysis. Using 3 test stages, namely a preliminary test that will determine the model used through the Chow test, Breush, and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier tests, and Hausman test. The results of these three preliminary tests show a model to test the relationship between variables. Then the diagnostic test, namely heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation, is followed by hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that the intellectual capital variable has a positive effect on the performance of maqashid sharia. This shows that the maximum use of intellectual capital can improve the performance of maqashid sharia. Educational background has a positive effect on the performance of maqashid sharia, the higher the quality of the board's resources the ability to manage information properly improves the performance of maqashid sharia. While the Islamic Social Reporting variable and firm size do not affect the performance of maqashid sharia. Information in Islamic Social Reporting does not have much to do with maqashid sharia activities.