Intellectual Capital Information Research Articles

Revealing the hidden wealth in healthcare: an empirical study of intellectual capital disclosure in leading global hospitals

Purpose Under the lens of stakeholder theory, this study aims to explore the dissemination of intellectual capital (IC) information within the healthcare sector. Specifically, the primary objective is to investigate the extent of IC disclosure (ICD) among leading global hospitals and its underlying determinants. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a manual content analysis of the official websites of 175 leading global hospitals, selected based on The World’s Best Hospitals 2022, and uses a linear regression model to test the research hypotheses. Findings The empirical results underscore an adequate dissemination of IC information by leading global hospitals through their official websites. Moreover, they reveal a positive association between hospital complexity, public status, and online visibility with the extent of IC information disclosed. Originality/value This study represents a pioneering contribution to the examination of determinants influencing online ICD within a global hospital context. It significantly enhances the existing literature on ICD and offers valuable practical implications.

Integrating intellectual capital disclosure in an integrated thinking perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to verify whether the disclosure of intellectual capital (IC) positively affects the level of integration of financial and sustainability information.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the analysis relies on European public companies. The data were gathered from Refinitiv, focussing on a multi-year observation from 2013 to 2021 and performing a fixed-effect regression. According to the extant literature, the authors developed the Intellectual Capital Score and the Integrated Thinking and Reporting Score.FindingsThe more disclosure of IC, the more financial and sustainability information is integrated. Indeed, the results confirm that the disclosure of IC enhances the level of integration of financial and sustainability information.Research limitations/implicationsThe study enriches academic knowledge about IC in conjunction with integrated reporting (IR) and integrated thinking by highlighting its relevance in the value-creation process and acting as a trait d’union of the disciplines.Practical implicationsFor standard setters, the research may be framed to redefine the guidelines explaining the information on IC to be disclosed. Moreover, it could be helpful for practitioners when identifying the IC information that deserves to be disclosed, other than being exploitable to conduct enterprises geared towards adopting integrated reports.Originality/valueThis study answers the call for further research on the relationship between financial information and sustainability information to highlight their joint perspectives quantitatively.

Intellectual capital information via Twitter: the effect on firm value

PurposeSocial media are emerging as the ideal channel for building one-to-many communication and disseminating intellectual capital (IC) information. Their rise is bringing out new research challenges to investigate the implications of their use. However, there needs to be more research contributions relating to the financial benefits of using social media for IC disclosure (ICD). This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing, under the lens of signaling theory, the effect of ICD through Twitter on firm value.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a content analysis of tweets disseminated by 262 companies aimed at examining the amount of IC information disclosed and on a regression analysis aimed at analyzing the impact of this type of information on firm value.FindingsEmpirical results show that a large ICD via Twitter favors an increase in firm value. They also demonstrate that disclosing information relating to the three IC dimensions positively affects the firm value. These findings suggest that actively and comprehensively communicating IC information via Twitter can help improve the perception and evaluation of the company by investors and other stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsThis study offers empirical evidence about the financial benefits associated with using social media as disclosure tools by companies. It also enriches the literature on the relationship between ICD and firm value and consolidates the goodness of the signaling theory as an ideal theoretical perspective to frame the relationship between IC information and firm value.Practical implicationsThis study offers important managerial implications for firms and investors. In light of the significant financial benefits, firms should use social media to disclose IC information and should seek to increase their visibility on such platforms to convey the information to a greater number of users. Investors should also heed social media when gathering IC information, combining the analysis of these platforms with that of traditional corporate documents.Originality/valueThis study enriches the limited literature on ICD via social media and extends knowledge about the relationship between IC information and firm value. In this regard, the originality also lies in the individual analysis of the impact of the three IC dimensions on firm value.

New Connections Between Integrated Reporting and Intellectual Capital: Future Research Implications in the Context of Sustainability-Related Information

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify new links between Integrated Reporting (IR) and Intellectual Capital (IC) fields, useful for sustainability and climate change disclosures with ISSB standards. Theoretical Framework: The literature that has integrated IC and IR fields has been developed, mainly from the IC research perspective, addressing a wide range of thematic specializations that emerge when analyzing the research areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: We developed a Structured Literature Review (SLR) of articles indexed in Scopus, which allowed us to build a specific analytical framework from emerging categories; we rely on AtlasTi and VOSviewer software. Findings: We found that the literature converges towards the following research areas: Reviews and reflections on the IR framework as a means for IC disclosure; Proposals to improve the IR framework and IR disclosures through IR; The IR framework and definition, measurement, and management of IC within organizations; disclosures of CI in contexts of practical adoption of RI; Disclosure of IC through IR, its determinants, and effects. Research, Practical & Social Implications: We identified the need to advance research under a performative approach, research on stakeholder satisfaction by revealing IC through IR and the relationship of IC with information related to sustainability in the new ISSB context. The paper identifies previously unexamined connections between IC and IR and proposes future avenues of research. Originality/Value: This study raises the need for increased policy research to define a common language for presenting comparable IC information in ISSB sustainability reports. In addition, studies are needed to help identify IC information, other IR capital and metrics, which could represent material information for investors to assess sustainability-related risks and opportunities.

Social media visibility and intellectual capital disclosure. An empirical analysis in the basketball clubs

PurposeThe sport industry, due to the great importance of intangible assets, represents a field of particular interest for the analysis of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD). However, this sector is still underexplored in the academic literature. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing the level of intellectual capital (IC) information disclosed by the most important basketball clubs on their website and the factors capable of influencing the dissemination of such information. Specifically, it examines the impact of social media visibility – in terms of number of social networks, number of posts, number of followers and internet visibility – on the ICD level.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, this study performs a manual content analysis of the websites of the top 80 European and US basketball clubs aimed at analysing the ICD level. Secondly, it provides for a regression analysis to test the impact of social media visibility on the amount of IC information disclosed.FindingsEmpirical results show a low level of ICD among the basketball clubs examined. They also demonstrate the positive impact of number of posts, number of followers and internet visibility on the amount of IC information disclosed online.Originality/valueThis study extends the analysis of the ICD to the sport industry, still little examined by the academic literature. In this regards, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the ICD in the basketball industry.

What Drives Voluntary Intellectual Capital Information Disclosure? Evidence from Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

The aim of this study is to explore the determinants of intellectual capital(IC) information disclosure from the perspective of signaling and proprietary cost theories. This study adopted ex-post facto research design. In particular, a data set was drawn from the five-year (from 2012 to 2016) annual reports of 12 Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) operating in Nigeria. The data set collected was analysed by means of panel corrected standard error (PCSE). The study results indicate that whereas corporate age and size have significant positive relationship with IC information disclosure, intellectual capital performance has significant negative association with IC information disclosure. Additionally, corporate profitability is found to have insignificant negative relationship with IC information disclosure. The study results offer useful insights that would assist policymakers and regulators in formulating policies and developing reporting guidelines that, at the moment, are not included in the existing accounting reporting guidelines. Moreover, the paper confirms prior study results in this area and includes such unusually explored IC disclosure driver as IC performance and, thus, extends and deepens existing literature on the determinants of IC information disclosure.

Human Capital Disclosure: A Review Article

This article aims to provide deep insight towards the basic understanding of intellectual capital disclosure specifically from the perspective of human capital disclosure. This study reviews the article and primarily focuses on a systematic review of past studies on human capital disclosure. There is a perception among potential investors that intellectual capital information shared by corporate companies is diverse in characteristics. In many developing economies, the government heavily influences corporate culture companies to abide by accounting and corporate practices in the modern world. However, from the investor perspective, the intellectual capital information tends to be net investee; therefore, their emphasis is mostly on corporate information supply. This article summarizes corporate information disclosure and provides the connection between the social, corporate and accounting practices in developing economies.

Intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) in Islamic banks: does the diversity of Shariah committee matters?

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the moderating effects of the Shariah committee (SC) on the extent of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) of Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approachThis study provides evidence from an analysis of a sample of Islamic banks in multiple countries over a seven-year period (2012–2018). The extent of intellectual capital information was measured and regressed against several corporate governance attributes covering board and audit committee characteristics, gender diversity of SC members and moderating variables of the SC, while controlling for firm-specific variables. A checklist was developed to measure the extent of the ICD of Islamic banks on a rubric scale ranging from 0 to 3.FindingsThe results show that the size and gender diversity among SC significantly influence the ICD practices of Islamic banks. Apart from contributing to the literature, this study may serve as valuable input for Islamic banking practitioners including regulators and standard setters to empower women and use all their potential for better intellectual capital output.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights two main implications. Firstly, the regulator should look at the size and composition of the SC to enable a conducive environment for sound deliberation of Shariah matters. Secondly, the gender diversity among SC should be considered because women and man may have different approaches, and the best optimal combination of resources could enhance Islamic banks’ competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance of gender diversity and size of SC in influencing the disclosure practices related to Shariah matters by the Islamic banks.

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL VALUE AND DISCLOSURE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON FIRM VALUE

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the value of intellectual capital and disclosure of intellectual capital on the company value of state-owned enterprises which are listed on the Indonesian stock exchange partially. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data in the form of values or numbers obtained from financial reports. The source of data in this research is secondary data. The population in this study are state-owned companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2015 -2019. By using the purposive sampling method, the total sample in this study is 45 data from 9 companies. The data in this study will be tested with several stages of testing, namely descriptive statistical tests, classic assumption tests (normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test), and testing all hypotheses through the partial test (t test) and coefficient test determination. The research findings lead to several concrete conclusions. Firstly, the study reveals a significant negative effect of intellectual capital value on firm value for state-owned companies in Indonesia. This suggests that intellectual capital alone does not guarantee an increase in firm value. Secondly, the research demonstrates a significant positive effect of intellectual capital disclosure on firm value. Active disclosure of intellectual capital information positively influences stakeholders' perceptions and builds confidence in the company's potential, ultimately enhancing firm value
 
 Keyword: Intellectual capital; disclosure of intellectual capital; the value of the company

Quality of audit committee as a moderating effect between shareholding structure and intellectual capital disclosure in Indonesian banking companies

This research examines the nexus of shareholding structure on intellectual capital disclosure. The shareholding structure consists of management, institutions, government, and foreigners. Furthermore, this research investigates the moderating role of the quality of the audit committee in this relationship. This research design uses quantitative methods. The population consists of banking firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. The selection of samples employing the purposive sampling method obtained 159 observations. The output of hypothesis testing using moderated regression analysis (MRA) shows that managerial and institutional ownership negatively impacts the disclosure of intellectual capital. The conclusion of this research is that shareholders tend to reduce the amount of intellectual capital disclosed. The test results also prove that share ownership by management, institutions, and the government can function as a management control mechanism if a qualified audit committee supports it. The findings serve as input for the Financial Services Authority; as the party that drafts regulations related to the formation and implementation guidelines of the audit committee’s work. Therefore, managers should integrate intellectual capital information with financial information; so that it is more useful for users of information for decision making. Practical implications of this research are that banking companies in Indonesia can improve the quality of their audit committees so that there is an increase in intellectual capital disclosure.

Analysis of determinants influencing the level of intelectual capital disclosure: The case of FTSE 100 entities

Purpose: The paper deals with the issue of intellectual capital (IC) and its disclosure in the financial statements of FTSE 100 entities. The paper aims to identify the determinants that influence entities to reveal IC related information and also to highlight the theoretical aspects behind such determinants, resulting in comprehensive findings. The results of the analysis can be used to understand what leads entities to make decisions in the field of non-financial disclosure.Design/methodology/approach: The research part is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between the level of IC disclosures and the analysed determinants – size, profitability and industry. To produce a comprehensive set of results, descriptive statistics are used, followed by regression and correlation analysis. The pooling OLS method is used as it has a higher predictive power than random and fixed effect methods.Findings: Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the profitability measured as ROA is not a key factor of intellectual capital disclosure in the annual reports of FTSE 100 companies. From the point of view of size measured as total assets, there exists a statistically significant relationship for relational capital, which is generally tied to the company's relationships with customers, vendors, suppliers, and other significant constituents. The analysis also showed significant differences between traditional and service industry in the amount of IC information being reported for all IC categories.Originality/value: This paper focuses on the determinants influencing the level of IC reporting in a representative sample of entities from the highly active FTSE100 stock market. The paper focuses on three determinants that are frequently reported in existing research. This paper presents statistically based results on the relationships between the determinants and IC, but also between the different parts of IC (human capital, structural capital and relational capital), which provides insights into the structure of reported information on intellectual capital.

RELEVANSI NILAI INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN MODAL INTELEKTUAL PADA PERUSAHAAN INDEKS LQ45 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the value relevance of accounting which proxied with earnings per share (EPS) and book value per share (BVPS) as well as value relevance of intellectual capital information. The test was carried out on companies that are members of the LQ45 Index Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018-2020 period. The sample selection used purposive sampling technique. The data collection method in this research is the documentation method. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. This study found that earnings per share (EPS) and book value per share (BVPS) as well as intellectual capital information has value relevance. This research can support signal theory, clean surplus theory, and resource based theory (RBT) related to the relevance of the value of earnings per share (EPS) and book value per share (BVPS) as well as intellectual capital information. The research has implications for all parties who need information regarding value relevance of earnings per share (EPS) and book value per share (BVPS) as well as intellectual capital information of companies incorporated in the LQ45 Index

Exploring intellectual capital disclosure and its determinants in knowledge-based institutions: empirical evidence from international universities

PurposeThis study aims to add empirical evidence to the intellectual capital (IC) literature by enhancing understanding of voluntary online IC disclosure (ICD) practices in knowledge-based institutions such as universities from an international standpoint. The ultimate purpose of this study is to examine how different variables related to size, internet visibility and certain corporate governance attributes (i.e. board size and board gender diversity) affect the extent to which universities from different world’s countries convey ICD through websites.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates a sample of 100 international universities selected according to the QS World University Rankings 2020 to examine the level of ICD provided through their official websites. It uses a content analysis to measure the actual amount of IC information disclosed by these universities and a regression model to test the impact of the explanatory variables.FindingsEmpirical results demonstrate a negative impact of the board size and a positive effect of board gender diversity and internet visibility on the level of IC information disclosed by international universities on their website. They also demonstrate a non-significant effect of university size.Originality/valueThis study contributes to enriching the academic literature in different ways. In the first place, it extends the field of application of the stakeholder theory. In the second place, this study sheds light on the actual ICD level of international universities. In the third place, it examines the ICD through a channel – websites – which are still little explored by the academic literature. Finally, this study increases knowledge about the factors that can influence the ICD disclosure of international universities.

The Impact of Voluntary and Involuntary Intellectual Capital Disclosure on Firm Value

The digital era has changes corporate asset structures and business models, and it requires companies to have more value-added resources to be more competitive, one of which is intellectual capital. Prior studies have analyzed the intellectual capital disclosure in annual reports. This approach, however, is unable to identify the depth of intellectual capital information. This study builds on previous studies using the involuntary disclosure concept to examine how information created by stakeholders and other parties outside of management may affect a company’s reputation. In addition to annual reports, this study also measures intellectual capital disclosure information using new data sources such as social media and online business media. This study aims to examine the impact of voluntary and involuntary disclosure of intellectual capital on a firm's value. The sample of this study consisted of 32 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019. The results of the study indicate that intellectual capital disclosure affects the firm value. These findings provide a practical implication for managers to disclose intellectual capitals that are relevant to the market’s demands and focus on the quality of the information to increase firm value and sustain in a competitive environment.

Literature review of intellectual capital information disclosure

In today's era of knowledge economy, more and more scholars pay attention to the research related to intellectual capital. This paper combed the domestic and foreign research results on an important branch of intellectual capital - intellectual capital information disclosure. From intellectual capital composition, the theoretical foundation of the intellectual capital information disclosure and its related influence factors to comb research venation, and put forward the future research direction of intellectual capital information disclosure.

Green Intellectual Capital on Value Relevance in Indonesia’s Manufacturing Companies

Objective - Corporate concern for the environment is an important stakeholder demand. A company is obliged to preserve the environment with various investments, one of which is green intellectual capital to maintain the sustainability of the company, especially for companies that carry out their business activities in countries that are in conditions of high pollution such as Indonesia. The importance of green intellectual capital investment information for stakeholders can be seen from the value relevance of the information. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of investment in green intellectual capital, which consists of the following dimensions: human, structural, and relation to value relevance. Methodology/Technique – This study will explain the causal relationship between the independent and the dependent variables through hypothesis testing based on the theory that has been formulated with data that obtained and tested through quantitative panel data testing. Findings - The results of a survey of 515 samples of data from a population of 183 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2019 found that green intellectual capital with its three dimensions had a significant positive effect on value relevance. This study also proves that green structural intellectual capital has influenced more on value relevance than human and relation intellectual capital. Novelty - The measurement of variables is green intellectual capital and value relevance in this study develops previous research with related government conditions and regulations in Indonesia. Green intellectual capital investment is measured by using content analysis from disclosures in annual reports and sustainability reports, and value relevance is measured by the Olhson model with beta correction by the stock market in Indonesia. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: G32, O34 Keywords: Green Intellectual Capital; Value relevance; Human Capital; Structural Capital, Relational Capital

Intellectual Capital and Disclosure Practices of Miscellaneous Industries: Evidence from Cable Companies in Indonesia

The important role of intellectual capital for value creation has led many companies to disclose their intellectual capital information in annual reports. This study aims to provide, via content analysis, an overview of the disclosure and presentation of intellectual capital information in the annual reports of cable companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015. This study found that structural capital is the most common category of intellectual capital disclosed in the annual reports. In addition, most intellectual capital disclosures are discursive, with positive and past-oriented information. However, there is no systematic framework for disclosing intellectual capital information in annual reports. Disclosures made do not have a special pattern and are still random. This finding may contribute to an understanding of how companies communicate intellectual capital information for their own benefit, as well as the benefit of stakeholders, customers and employees.

PERAN INFORMASI MODAL INTELEKTUAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA HUBUNGAN ANTARA MODAL INTELEKTUAL DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN

This paper empirically examines whether type of intellectual capital (IC) information affect market value of the firm. This paper also examines whether voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital information will strengthen the affect of intellectual capital information to market value of the firm. The samples were the banking industry firm listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017-2019. The variable of type of IC information measured by Intellectual Capital Disclosure Index (ICDI) by modifying the approach of García-Meca and Martínez (2007). The study finds that IC positively effect on market value of the firms. Moreover, this study finds that IC information-especially voluntary disclosure also strengthen (as moderating variable) the IC effect on firm value.

ANALISIS INFORMASI MODAL INTELEKTUAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of intellectual capital information on firm value. This study focused on the descriptive qualitative methods. The firm value in this study is measured using Tobin’s Q. While the intellectual capital is measured using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAICTM). The population in this study is all the companies in the Consumer Goods Industry are included in 50 Biggest Market Capitalization were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. The result showed that the application of the information of intellectual capital on the company in the Consumer Goods Industry has a level of efficiency of intellectual capital that is great in creating added value and increase competitive advantage.Increased competitive advantage and value, then the perception of the market on the value of the firm will be increased because it is believed that the companies have a competitive advantage are able to compete and survive in a dynamic business environment. This was confirmed by the value Tobin's Q > 1 indicating that management was successful in managing the assets of the company and has a high investment growth potential.

The Model of Intellectual Capital based Information Technology and Its Implication on Employees Performance

This research focused on higher of job rejection result and low of coordination among unit in problem solving of all the projects which is tend to decline of employees performance. The main issues discussed in this reseach is factors influence it, namely human procurement ,development and intellectual capital based information technology.The research aims to analyze, describe and test the impact of human procurement, development on intellectual capital and its implication on employees performance at Indonesian Aerospace,Ltd. The research used was descriptive and explanatory survey method, so the research attempts to collect, present, analyze, and test hypotheses, to make a consclusions were used Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach. The design of study is a survey reseach, the unit analysis selected were core knowledge worker with a sample size of 303 from 1245 employees, based on Slovin’s formula. The results indicated that human procurement, development have a simultaneously positive and significant effect on intellectual capital based information technology, and human procurement, development are either partialy or simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employees performance level throught intellectual capital based information technology. The findings are:(1) human procurement indicates low contribution on either intellectual capital based information technology or employees performance, the highest score of human procurement dimension is selection and the lowest is recruitment dimension. 2) human development indicates low contribution on either intellectual capital or employees performance, the highest score of human development dimension is education and the lowest is training dimension (3) intellectual capital based information technology indicates moderate scores on employees performance level, the highest score of intellectual capital dimension is social capital and the lowest is structure capital dimension. (4) the highest score size of employees performance dimension based on employees perception is goal and the lowest is motive dimension.