Integration Patterns Research Articles

State and Market: The Eurasian Dominant Development in the Context of the Formation of a Multipolar World and Increased Hypercompetition

The article is devoted to the results of the International Scientific Conference “State and Market: the Eurasian dominant development in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world”, held on October 19–20, 2023 at the St. Petersburg State University of Economics. The conference examined a complex of topical problems of the relationship between the state, market and global networks in the process of deepening Eurasian integration and in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world. Significant emphasis was placed on the problems of the formation of Eurasian political economy as a science in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world. Much attention is paid to the specifics and patterns of Eurasian economic integration; the role of the Eurasian Economic Union in these processes is shown; various aspects of economic cooperation with China and other Eurasian countries are considered; the transformation of models of economic development of Eurasian countries under the conditions of sanctions restrictions is considered; Current environmental problems and issues of digital transformation of Eurasian countries were studied.

Constructing Chinese Spaces in Mexico City: The Case of the Viaducto Piedad Neighbourhood

This article analyses new tendencies in the construction of Chinese spaces within Mexico City. Traditionally, the Barrio de Dolores (Cuahutemoc borough) is identified as the main Chinese point of reference; however, over time it has become a space dedicated more to exploiting the so-called Chinatown brand for commercial purposes than to fostering a sense of community. Based on a recent pilot study, it is argued that in the Viaducto Piedad neighbourhood (Iztacalco borough), where Chinese immigrants have been arriving since the early 1990s, a different pattern of urban integration has emerged. Members of the community live in the area, where they carry out religious and recreational activities; some of them are business owners or employees, and their children attend local schools. That is why the area can be considered Mexico City's new Chinatown.

Psychedelics: reconnecting the brain to heal the mind

Natural psychedelics such as magic mushrooms have a long history of human use of at least 7000 years. Their use underwent a resurgence in the 1950/1960s following the synthesis of LSD as a psychedelic and its use as a medicine with powerful therapeutic benefits. But because non-medical use led to massive cultural changes especially in young people, all psychedelics were banned globally in the early 1970s. Over the past 20 years, there has been a resurrection of psychedelic research. This has revealed their common modes of action as agonists (stimulators) of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor in the brain and that this activity leads to profound alterations in neuro-circuitry, producing a more integrated and flexible pattern of activity. These brain changes found in healthy volunteers predicted utility in mental illnesses such as depression and addiction and subsequent trials revealed this to be true. A single psychedelic trip can lead to very long-lasting improvements in a range of mental illnesses. From these remarkable and consistent positive outcomes, it seems likely that psychedelic therapy will soon become widely approved in western medicine, as it has already been in Australia for treatment-resistant depression.

Colonization of a Novel Host Plant Reduces Phenotypic Variation

Understanding the evolution of evolvability—the evolutionary potential of populations—is key to predicting adaptation to novel environments. Despite growing evidence that evolvability structures adaptation, it remains unclear how adaptation to novel environments in turn influences evolvability. Here we address the interplay between adaptation and evolvability in the peacock fly Tephritis conura, which recently underwent an adaptive change in ovipositor length following a host shift. We compared the evolvability of morphological traits, including ovipositor length, between the ancestral and the derived host race. We found that mean evolvability was reduced in females of the derived host race compared to the ancestral host race. However, patterns of multivariate evolvability (considering trait covariances) were very similar in both host races, and populations of the derived host race had diverged from the ancestral host race in directions of greater-than-average evolvability. Exploration of phenotypic integration patterns further revealed relatively high levels of independent variation in ovipositor length compared to other measured traits, allowing some degree of independent divergence. Our findings suggest that adaptation to novel environments can reduce mean evolvability without major changes in patterns of variational constraints, and that trait autonomy helps facilitate divergence of functionally important traits.

New practices of land-sea coordination in coastal zone ecological security integration: A case study of Nantong

Coastal development strategies and land-sea coordination has made a close connection between the sea and the land, and the coastal zone has become a whole entity. In this study, we established the ecological security integration pattern (ESIP) of the coastal zone in Nantong based on the land-sea coordination and connectivity. We selected the main coastal zone ecosystem service (ES) evaluation indices, calculated the ecological risk to validate the ES evaluation results, and explored the mechanisms driving ESs using multiscale geographically weighted regression. Ecological sources relies on rivers, tidal flats, and areas with high ES to construct an ecological corridor from land to sea. Ecological risk had a significant negative correlation with ES. The six driving factors selected had a positive and negative influence on the ecological sources equal to ES; An ESIP of two belts, two channels, and one river network was constructed across the land and sea boundaries, and the effect of driving factors on ES was integrated to provide suggestions for the future ESIP. This study of an ESIP evaluation system in Nantong reflects the new practice of land-sea coordination, which not only enriches the ecological security evaluation system, but also provides novel ideas for realizing ecological protection and restoration in coastal zones.

New insights into patterns of integration in the femur and pelvis among catarrhines.

Integration reflects the level of coordinated variation of the phenotype. The integration of postcranial elements can be studied from a functional perspective, especially with regards to locomotion. This study investigates the link between locomotion, femoral structural properties, and femur-pelvis complex morphology. We measured (1) morphological integration between femoral and pelvic morphologies using geometric morphometrics, and (2) covariation between femoral/pelvic morphologies and femoral diaphyseal cross-sectional properties, which we defined as morpho-structural integration. Morphological and morpho-structural integration patterns were measured among humans (n = 19), chimpanzees and bonobos (n = 16), and baboons (n = 14), whose locomotion are distinct. Baboons show the highest magnitude of morphological integration and the lowest of morpho-structural integration. Chimpanzees and bonobos show intermediate magnitude of morphological and morpho-structural integration. Yet, body size seems to have a considerable influence on both integration patterns, limiting the interpretations. Finally, humans present the lowest morphological integration and the highest morpho-structural integration between femoral morphology and structural properties but not between pelvic morphology and femur. Morphological and morpho-structural integration depict distinct strategies among the samples. A strong morphological integration among baboon's femur-pelvis module might highlight evidence for long-term adaptation to quadrupedalism. In humans, it is likely that distinct selective pressures associated with the respective function of the pelvis and the femur tend to decrease morphological integration. Conversely, high mechanical loading on the hindlimbs during bipedal locomotion might result in specific combination of structural and morphological features within the femur.

A Comprehensive Analysis and Visualization of Trends and Research Patterns in the Field of IoT Smart Cities

Every nation is interested in creating "smart cities," making this a hot topic requiring extensive scientific study. Given the current state of affairs, it is essential to conduct a systematic review to thoroughly understand the current research trends and patterns in this field. It is applied to a corpus of 9,131 papers published between 2010 and 2022 from the Scopus publications database to test the string's effectiveness. This research utilizes text mining and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to delve into the current state-of-the-art study concerning IoT Smart cities research. KNIME was used to conduct the analysis. Predicting the study domain is done with the help of the K-means clustering method. Future researchers can build upon these patterns to strengthen security in various sectors. This report also reviews the history of smart city research, its current position, and its prospects. We help institutions and authors collaborate globally in science. This research analyses Smart City IoT integration trends and patterns in a graphical overview. According to the data, the identified areas are developing and need more research.

Islam's Integration with Local Culture through the Custom of Reciting the Qur'an at Death

Lasi, which is in Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province, is an area rich in Islamic culture and traditions. One of the Islamic traditions there is the recitation of death. The tradition of reciting the Qur’an for death is a practice that combines elements of the Islamic religion with local cultural values. This research aims to determine the integration of Islam and local culture manifested in the practice of reciting the Qur’an for death in the Lasi community. The research method used in this research is a field research method that uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with members of the Lasi community who are involved in the tradition of reciting the Qur’an for death. Direct observations were also carried out to understand the implementation of this practice. Qualitative data was carefully analyzed to identify patterns of integration between Islamic religion and local culture in the context of the Qur’an for death. The results of this research reveal that the tradition of reciting the Qur’an for death in Lasi, Agam Regency, reflects close integration between the Islamic religion and local culture. The use of local languages in this tradition strengthens the community's cultural identity, while Islamic religious messages are also maintained. This tradition also plays a role in maintaining Lasi cultural values, connecting the younger generation to their cultural heritage, and strengthening community ties. This integration has helped maintain harmony between religion and culture, creating a model that can serve as an example for efforts to preserve culture and religion in an increasingly globalized society.

High-pressure phase transformations and lattice distortions in industrial AISI 1070 steel: Insights from Debye-Scherrer ring integration

In this study, the behavior of the industrially prominent AISI 1070 pearlitic steel under pressures up to 35 GPa was meticulously explored. Leveraging the 1D integration patterns from the Debye-Scherrer rings, we introduced a groundbreaking method to quantify dislocation densities, providing a novel lens to understand lattice distortions in such widely-used steels. At 5 GPa, the decomposition of cementite became evident, corroborated by changes in lattice parameters and dislocation densities. As the pressure neared to 10 GPa, the emergence of Hägg carbide was observed. The hallmark discovery was the phase transition from BCC to HCP around 20 GPa. This transformation bore witness to further distortions in the HCP structure with mounting pressures. Finally, molecular dynamic simulations revealed a mostly BCC to HCP transformation via an intermediary FCC phase at crystalline defects, elucidating observed orientations and phase transformation pathways.

Validity of information integration based on subjective and physiological data from a real sports condition: application to the judgment of fatigue in sport.

The objective of the present study was to confirm the convergent validity of information integration theory in the judgment of fatigue in sport, using information integration, subjective, and physiological data. Twenty healthy athletes were confronted with six cycling scenarios in two experimental conditions. In the laboratory condition, the athletes imagined the scenarios and had to cognitively combine the exercise intensity (30%, 50%, and 70% of the maximal intensity) and the exercise duration (15 and 30 min) when judging their expected level of fatigue. In the real sports condition, the athletes enacted each scenario and then rated their subjective fatigue. The heart rate was recorded continuously, so that the physiological training impulse could be calculated. We applied analyses of variance to the data and analyzed correlations between variables. The information integration data from the laboratory condition, the subjective data from the real sports condition, and the objective (physiological) data from the real sports condition were strongly correlated. The information integration patterns concerning fatigue as a function of the exercise duration and intensity obtained respectively from the three data sets were extremely similar.

Morphological variation, modularity and integration in the scapula and humerus of Lissotriton newts.

The modular organization of tetrapod paired limbs and girdles, influenced by the expression of Hox genes is one of the primary driving forces of the evolution of animal locomotion. The increased morphological diversification of the paired limbs is correlated with reduced between-limb covariation, while correlation within the elements is usually higher than between the elements. The tailed amphibians, such as Lissotriton newts, have a biphasic lifestyle with aquatic and terrestrial environments imposing different constraints on limb skeleton. By employing the methods of computerized microtomography and 3D geometric morphometrics, we explored the pattern of morphological variation, disparity, modularity and morphological integration in the proximal parts of the anterior limbs of six species of Eurasian small bodied newts. Although the species significantly differ in limb shape, there is a great overlap in morphology of scapula and humerus, and there are no differences in morphological disparity. For the scapula, the shape differences related to the duration of the aquatic period are in length, depth and curvature. The shape of the humerus is not affected by the length of aquatic period, and shape differences between the species are related to robustness of the body. The length of aquatic period has statistically supported phylogenetic signal. The scapula and humerus are structures of varying modularity. For the humerus, the strongest support on the phylogenetic level was for the capitulum/shaft hypothesis, which can also be interpreted as functional modularity. For the scapula, the greatest support was for the antero-posterior hypothesis of modularity in case of Lissotriton vulgaris, which can be explained by different functional roles and muscle insertion patterns, while there was no phylogenetic modularity. The modularity patterns seem to correspond with the general tetrapod pattern, with modularity being more pronounced in the distal structure. The future research should include more salamandrid taxa with different habitat preferences and both adult and larval stages, in order to explore how size, phylogeny and ecology affect the morphology and covariation patterns of limbs.

Conventional and unconventional T-cell responses contribute to the prediction of clinical outcome and causative bacterial pathogen in sepsis patients.

Sepsis is characterized by a dysfunctional host response to infection culminating in life-threatening organ failure that requires complex patient management and rapid intervention. Timely diagnosis of the underlying cause of sepsis is crucial, and identifying those at risk of complications and death is imperative for triaging treatment and resource allocation. Here, we explored the potential of explainable machine learning models to predict mortality and causative pathogen in sepsis patients. By using a modelling pipeline employing multiple feature selection algorithms, we demonstrate the feasibility of identifying integrative patterns from clinical parameters, plasma biomarkers, and extensive phenotyping of blood immune cells. While no single variable had sufficient predictive power, models that combined five and more features showed a macro area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 to predict 90-day mortality after sepsis diagnosis, and a macro AUC of 0.86 to discriminate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. Parameters associated with the cellular immune response contributed the most to models predictive of 90-day mortality, most notably, the proportion of T cells among PBMCs, together with expression of CXCR3 by CD4+ T cells and CD25 by mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Frequencies of Vδ2+ γδ T cells had the most profound impact on the prediction of Gram-negative infections, alongside other T-cell-related variables and total neutrophil count. Overall, our findings highlight the added value of measuring the proportion and activation patterns of conventional and unconventional T cells in the blood of sepsis patients in combination with other immunological, biochemical, and clinical parameters.

Associations of 24-Hour Rest-Activity Rhythm Fragmentation, Cognitive Decline, and Postmortem Locus Coeruleus Hypopigmentation in Alzheimer's Disease.

While studies suggested that locus coeruleus (LC) neurodegeneration contributes to sleep-wake dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the association between LC integrity and circadian rest-activity patterns remains unknown. Here, we investigated the relationships between 24-hour rest-activity rhythms, cognitive trajectories, and autopsy-derived LC integrity in older adults with and without cortical AD neuropathology. This retrospective study leveraged multi-modal data from participants of the longitudinal clinical-pathological Rush Memory and Aging Project. Indices of 24-hour rest-activity rhythm fragmentation (intradaily variability) and stability (interdaily stability) were extracted from annual actigraphic recordings, and cognitive trajectories were computed from annual cognitive evaluations. At autopsy, LC neurodegeneration was determined by the presence of hypopigmentation, and cortical AD neuropathology was assessed. Contributions of comorbid pathologies (Lewy bodies, cerebrovascular pathology) were evaluated. Among the 388 cases included in the study sample (age at death = 92.1 ± 5.9 years; 273 women), 98 (25.3%) displayed LC hypopigmentation, and 251 (64.7%) exhibited cortical AD neuropathology. Logistic regression models showed that higher rest-activity rhythm fragmentation, measured up to ~7.1 years before death, was associated with increased risk to display LC neurodegeneration at autopsy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 1.16-1.84, pBONF = 0.004), particularly in individuals with cortical AD neuropathology (OR = 1.56, CI95%: 1.15-2.15, pBONF = 0.03) and independently of comorbid pathologies. In addition, longitudinal increases in rest-activity rhythm fragmentation partially mediated the association between LC neurodegeneration and cognitive decline (estimate = -0.011, CI95%: -0.023--0.002, pBONF = 0.03). These findings highlight the LC as a neurobiological correlate of sleep-wake dysregulation in AD, and further underscore the clinical relevance of monitoring rest-activity patterns for improved detection of at-risk individuals. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:653-664.

How the River Chief System Achieved River Pollution Control: Analysis Based on AGIL Paradigm

The implementation of China’s water pollution control policy is facing challenges. The current situation requires that China’s water pollution control must be transformed from a hierarchical management system to a collaborative governance model, which has led to the emergence of the river chief system (RCS). Firstly, this research analyzes the water quality in the lower Yangtze River Basin in the past five years, and the results show that the overall water quality of the study area has improved. Secondly, this research is conducted from the perspective of the four functions of adaptation (A), goal attainment (G), integration (I), and latency pattern maintenance (L), using the AGIL paradigm as a model to analyze the operation of RCS and carry out a cross-study on environmental protection and public policy, which provides a precedent for future public policy research and discussion. Finally, based on the AGIL paradigm, this research puts forward the development direction of RCS, which provides experience and theoretical support for other countries’ watershed pollution research.

Mental Health Service Integration in Hospice Organizations: A National Survey of Hospice Clinicians and Medical Leadership.

Background: Unmet mental health needs are associated with a range of negative consequences for individuals at the end of life. Despite the high prevalence of mental health needs among individuals enrolled in hospice, there is a paucity of data describing mental health service integration in hospices in the United States. Objectives: 1. To identify patterns of mental health service integration in hospice organizations nationally; 2. To characterize gaps in mental health service delivery in hospice settings as perceived by hospice clinicians and medical leadership. Methods: A cross-sectional survey querying hospice clinicians and hospice medical leadership nationally. Results: A total of 279 surveys were included. Clinically significant mental health symptoms were common among hospice patients; the most frequently encountered symptom groups were depression, anxiety, dementia, and delirium. A minority of hospices maintained relationships with psychiatrists (23%, n = 60), psychiatric nurse practitioners (22%, n = 56), or psychologists (19%, n = 49). Only 38% (n = 99) of respondents were satisfied with their patients' access to services and only 45% (n = 118) were satisfied with the quality of these services. Common limitations to providing adequate mental health services included lack of specialist services, short length of stay for patients, and reluctance of patients to engage in these services. Conclusions: Significant mental health symptoms are common among hospice patients, and hospice organizations perceive these needs are not being met. Further research is needed to better understand the current treatment landscape and design interventions to address these needs.

The practice of science and religion integration: Evidence from an Indonesian Islamic school

This paper answers the call for the importance of integrating the Islamic worldview into science classes. This research provides insights into science teachers' experiences of integrating science and Islam, as well as additional surveys to reveal gains in student understanding. This research consists of two stages. Study 1 used phenomenology and focused on the voice of science teachers through focus groups. This research involved five focus groups in five Islamic high schools providing information describing their experiences. Through thematic analysis techniques, several findings were obtained as follows: (1) the concept of integration emphasises more on the balance of compliance between vertical and horizontal; (2) the integration pattern places more emphasis on learning materials; and (3) in terms of benefits, this effort is focused on increasing understanding and followed by study 2 which aims to add to the evidence base by investigating the effect of integration patterns on student understanding. The results showed that there is evidence that the support of an overarching integration pattern contributes to students' understanding of the material. As a recommendation, it is necessary to strengthen integration at all stages of science learning, allowing students to take advantage of discussions in class to develop more relevant abilities.

Risk and causality Co-movement of Malaysia's stock market with its emerging and OECD trading partners. Evidence from the wavelet approach.

The growing trend of interdependence between the international stock markets indicated the amalgamation of risk across borders that plays a significant role in portfolio diversification by selecting different assets from the financial markets and is also helpful for making extensive economic policy for the economies. By applying different methodologies, this study undertakes the volatility analysis of the emerging and OECD economies and analyzes the co-movement pattern between them. Moreover, with that motive, using the wavelet approach, we provide strong evidence of the short and long-run risk transfer over different time domains from Malaysia to its trading partners. Our findings show that during the Asian financial crisis (1997-98), Malaysia had short- and long-term relationships with China, Germany, Japan, Singapore, the UK, and Indonesia due to both high and low-frequency domains. Meanwhile, after the Global financial crisis (2008-09), it is being observed that Malaysia has long-term and short-term synchronization with emerging (China, India, Indonesia), OECD (Germany, France, USA, UK, Japan, Singapore) stock markets but Pakistan has the low level of co-movement with Malaysian stock market during the global financial crisis (2008-09). Moreover, it is being seen that Malaysia has short-term at both high and low-frequency co-movement with all the emerging and OECD economies except Japan, Singapore, and Indonesia during the COVID-19 period (2020-21). Japan, Singapore, and Indonesia have long-term synchronization relationships with the Malaysian stock market at high and low frequencies during COVID-19. While in a leading-lagging relationship, Malaysia's stock market risk has both leading and lagging behavior with its trading partners' stock market risk in the selected period; this behavior changes based on the different trade and investment flow factors. Moreover, DCC-GARCH findings shows that Malaysian market has both short term and long-term synchronization with trading partners except USA. Conspicuously, the integration pattern seems that the cooperation development between stock markets matters rather than the regional proximity in driving the cointegration. The study findings have significant implications for investors, governments, and policymakers around the globe.

Both stimulus-specific and configurational features of multiple visual stimuli shape the spatial ventriloquism effect.

Studies on multisensory perception often focus on simplistic conditions in which one single stimulus is presented per modality. Yet, in everyday life, we usually encounter multiple signals per modality. To understand how multiple signals within and across the senses are combined, we extended the classical audio-visual spatial ventriloquism paradigm to combine two visual stimuli with one sound. The individual visual stimuli presented in the same trial differed in their relative timing and spatial offsets to the sound, allowing us to contrast their individual and combined influence on sound localization judgements. We find that the ventriloquism bias is not dominated by a single visual stimulus but rather is shaped by the collective multisensory evidence. In particular, the contribution of an individual visual stimulus to the ventriloquism bias depends not only on its own relative spatio-temporal alignment to the sound but also the spatio-temporal alignment of the other visual stimulus. We propose that this pattern of multi-stimulus multisensory integration reflects the evolution of evidence for sensory causal relations during individual trials, calling for the need to extend established models of multisensory causal inference to more naturalistic conditions. Our data also suggest that this pattern of multisensory interactions extends to the ventriloquism aftereffect, a bias in sound localization observed in unisensory judgements following a multisensory stimulus.

Dynamic evolutionary interplay between ontogenetic skull patterning and whole-head integration.

The arrangement and morphology of the vertebrate skull reflect functional and ecological demands, making it a highly adaptable structure. However, the fundamental developmental and macroevolutionary mechanisms leading to different vertebrate skull phenotypes remain unclear. Here we exploit the morphological diversity of squamate reptiles to assess the developmental and evolutionary patterns of skull variation and covariation in the whole head. Our geometric morphometric analysis of a complex squamate ontogenetic dataset (209 specimens, 169 embryos, 44 species), covering stages from craniofacial primordia to fully ossified bones, reveals that morphological differences between snake and lizard skulls arose gradually through changes in spatial relationships (heterotopy) followed by alterations in developmental timing or rate (heterochrony). Along with dynamic spatiotemporal changes in the integration pattern of skull bone shape and topology with surrounding brain tissues and sensory organs, we identify a relatively higher phenotypic integration of the developing snake head compared with lizards. The eye, nasal cavity and Jacobson's organ are pivotal in skull morphogenesis, highlighting the importance of sensory rearrangements in snake evolution. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate the importance of early embryonic, ontogenetic and tissue interactions in shaping craniofacial evolution and ecological diversification in squamates, with implications for the nature of cranio-cerebral relations across vertebrates.

Optimization of the Integrated Farming Resources to Increase Farmer’s Income: A Case Study in Indonesia

Purpose: Farmers of beef cattle in the Regency of Bolaang Mongondow Utara often dealt with fluctuation in the production cost of crops and cattle and restrictions of production factors, resulting in relatively lower production and the obtained income of farming. Consequently, farmers conducted six integration patterns of crops and beef cattle in the dried area. The evaluation was necessarily performed to know which farming pattern was the integrated farming pattern and cattle that can result in a maximal income for farmers.Research Method: The research was conducted in two Villages, such as Sidodadi and Sangtumbolang, District of Sangkub, Regency of Bolaang Mongondow Utara, which is the largest dried area in the Regency of Bolaang Mongondow Utara; and, farmers performed the integrated farming of crops and cattle. 80 farmers were selected by purposive sampling to obtain the required information for this research. Then, data analysis employed a linear programming model with the assisting tools of LINDO software.Results: Of six activities in the integrated farming, 3 activities of annual cultivation resulting in maximal income by Rp 57,186,127.44 were corn-corn-corn + (and cattle), onion-onion-onion + (and cattle), corn-soybean-the uncultivated field + (and cattle). The cultivation pattern of corn-corn-corn + (and cattle) was proposedly applied in the area of 0,638 hectares; for the cultivation pattern of onion-onion-onion + (and cattle), it was suggested to apply in the area of 0,439 hectares; and, the cultivation patter of corn-soybean-the uncultivated are + (and cattle) was applied in the area of 0,296 hectares.Limitation of the Research: The research was limited to the integrated pattern of corn and horticulture and beef cattle in the dried field.Originality/Value: The research has provided new information on the development standard of the integrated farming of crops and cattle in the dried area as a solution to lower agriculture productivity resulting in lower income for farmers.