Integration Of Solar Collectors Research Articles

Phase change materials in a hybrid solar thermal/photovoltaic energy storage system for a residential house

Hot water supply has proved to be a subject of great relevance to counter climate change. The integration of solar collectors in residential hot water systems has already been extensively explored, presenting, however, an inconvenient mismatch between energy supply and its consumption. The integration of an energy storage system can counter this obstacle. In this field, phase change materials play an important role, being able to store latent heat. In this thesis, the incorporation of a storage system with phase change materials in a domestic water heating system was investigated. The system proposed in this work consists of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar panel, a water storage tank and a plate heat exchanger with phase change materials. Several configurations were tested and three different phase change materials were studied, with a melting point of around 60 degrees. Simulations were carried out under different climatic conditions, for three different locations: Lisboa, Castelo Branco and Montalegre. The results show that the integration of such a system can lead to a reduction in energy consumption for heating domestic water of around 23% during the summer, and 14% during the winter.

Influence of ferric oxide and Titanium dioxide nano particles to minimize energy demand in buildings by integration of solar collectors and phase change materials

The solar source can decrease energy consumption (EC) for buildings on winter days, increases EC in summer when it is present on the envelopes. To make large use of solar energy, two methods were tested. Using PCM on the envelopes, summer radiation concerns were eliminated using the first method's Phase change materials (PCM) -based absorption technology. In order to generate hygienic hot water, the second method relies on absorbing solar energy and then converting it to heat (SHW). In the first way, EC decreased by 44 %, which is equivalent to a 272 kWh loss in EC on hot days. 48 % of the time and 2395 kW-hours were used on frigid day. To get a full year's worth of data, it was found that EC decreased by 2679 kWh. It takes as much as 6288 kWh less EC to supply SHW using the second strategy, which saw an overall reduction of 36.6 % in SHW EC.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СОНЯЧНИХ КОЛЕКТОРІВ У СИСТЕМАХ ОБІГРІВУ ПРИМІЩЕНЬ

Determination the easiest ways to use solar collectors for building heating. Analysis of existing technical solutions for the use of solar collectors for building heating by the criterion of simple integration into existing engineering systems of buildings. Two ways of using solar collectors for building heating making easy to integrate into existing engineering systems of buildings are proposed. The use of solar air collectors for building heating both as autonomous devices and as part of integrated heating and ventilation systems is substantiated. The integration of solar collectors into existing air conditioning systems using Freon as a coolant, which will increase their efficiency during the heating season, is substantiated. The proposed methods of using solar collectors can be the basis for the development of new devices and systems for building heating, which can reduce the quantity of organic fuels and the level of environmental pressure on the environment.

Architecture Design of Building Integrated Solar Collector

Solar thermal collector converts solar radiation energy into useful thermal energy and transfers to a transport fluid flowing through the system. The collected energy can be used either direct to space or water heating equipment, or to a thermal storage for later use. Along with fast development, not only domestic hot water supply is needed, but also space heating and cooling are required. Also, limited roof space is another key barrier that should be considered. Furthermore, most of the building integration with solar collectors are mounted on the roof top by flat or tilt angle at present. It is considered to be a failure of low level architectural quality because the collector is used only for application and seems as an independent technical element of the building. With the consideration of the above, novel type of solar collector has been proposed to realize the utilization and offset the barriers. This novel solar collectors is especially suitable to supply domestic hot water, and combines with ASHP for multi-function, space heating and cooling as well as domestic hot water supply. Additionally, it is well integrated with high-rise residential buildings, which is good for aesthetic.

Study of a New Integrated Solar Collector

Even though the integration of renewable energies in new buildings is technically easy, the rise of solar thermal systems in the French market of energy renovation is limited by recurring constraints of implementation related to the installation of the storage tank. This is the reason why the Integrated Solar Collector (ISC) constitutes a very promising concept to develop. For both new buildings and renovation of the existing buildings, the ISC gives the opportunity to reduce the cost of installation and operation comparatively to a conventional Solar Domestic Hot Water System, because of their simplicity and passive operating process (without pump, nor controller). This second advantage is extremely important for the development prospects of the solar thermal market which is currently slowed down by the level of investment. The third advantage of our new ISC is the possibility of successful architectural integration, contrary to the currently available solutions with the storage installed on the roof.We developed a new concept of ISC adapted to the energy renovation with a multidisciplinary approach. Its design took into account various aspects: architectural integration (storage bellow the collector), energy performance (solar heat transfer at the bottom of the storage, fully insulated storage) and technological constraints (freezing risk). The project made it possible to study on the one hand its global performance (stratification, solar fraction) and on the other hand the free convective heat transfers inside the storage cavity. The approach used both numerical (architectural draft and design of the prototype, global modelling, and velocity / temperature fields) and experimental tools (test of heat, PIV on a cavity heated at the bottom, test of the prototype). The first prototype of ISC puts forward very satisfactory energy performances. Improvements are possible by enhancing thermal stratification in the storage system. Concerning the heat pipes operation against gravity, the project highlighted the current lack of technological solution adapted to our needs. The study of the building integration showed the architectural opportunities given during the renovation (new volumes) and the technical constraints which were solved (weight, storage insulation, freezing).

Energy Analysis of Roof Integrated Solar Collector for Domestic Heating & Cooling Under Local Conditions of Pakistan

Household utilization of energy represents the 46% of Pakistan total energy. This situation requires that new energy model & alternates of energy should be developed for the household utilization of energy. Solar Energy is one of the best available options for this problem. Many designs of solar roof have been developed in the last half century to utilize solar energy from the roof. The previous designs are feasible but their design is complex and their performance. A model of Roof Integrated Solar collector is designed & fabricated. The dimensions of collector are 5 feet long, 4 feet wide & 0.5 feet height. Experimental readings are taken at various times of the day. The effect of orientation is also studied experimentally. Economic analysis is performed for different scheme of solar collector using linear economical approach. Energy Analysis shows that Roof Integrated Solar collector has a very healthy potential for solar thermal application as it has almost 37 % efficiency. The major loss occurs in solar collector. The life cost analysis shows that the cost of Roof Integrated Solar collector is very economical as compared to electric water heater, gas water heater or solar thermal water heater. Energy distribution analysis shows that 37% energy is transferred to water, 32 % is reflected back & 22 % is transferred to the atmosphere through collector walls & base & the rest of 9% is absorbed by the collector surface.

Experimental Evaluation of a Newly Developed Flat Plate Integrated Solar Collector System

AbstractBecause of the up-front costs of add-on solar collection systems, the cost-effectiveness of solar energy is still in doubt. Building integrated solar thermal systems may improve the cost-effectiveness of add-on collection systems given their ability to expand to cover the entire area of a roof at a reasonable cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed flat plate integrated solar collector system. The developed collector system consists of a low-temperature flat plate collector integrated within a concrete building envelope. To evaluate this system, a full-scale test prototype of the solar collector was constructed and instrumented with thermocouples. Measurements were conducted over a 7-month period in which the solar collector was evaluated over different climatic conditions. On the basis of the results of the experimental program, it was determined that the solar collector provided an efficiency ranging from 49–75% in the range of ambient temperature...

Testing of an integrated solar louvre collector

SYNOPSIS The integration of solar collectors into louvres has been studied. An existing louvre design was modified to integrate a solar collector in the shading device. This solar louvre collector has been experimentally tested under real outside conditions, during Summer and Winter seasons. Experimental results were compared to numerical ones, and a good agreement was obtained.

Solar collectors with colored absorbers

The integration of solar collectors in buildings should be compatible with the architectural design, and solar collectors with colored absorbers would be aesthetically preferable. In our laboratory we constructed and tested flat plate solar collectors with colored absorbers for water heating applications. The study includes collectors in their typical form with the protective glazing, and also collectors without glazing. Unglazed solar collectors are not widely used, although they are cost effective solar devices, suitable for low temperature thermal applications. We tested outdoors the constructed models, glazed and unglazed, with black, blue and red brown absorbers. In order to overcome the high thermal losses of the unglazed collectors and the low optical efficiency of the colored absorbers, we used flat booster reflectors. The additional solar radiation input from the reflectors increases the thermal energy output of the collectors, improving their performance. Theoretical steady state efficiency curves are also given for collectors with or without glazing. The presented experimental and theoretical results determine the range of the effective operation of the proposed solar collector types, which can be used in a variety of applications, instead of glazed or unglazed solar collectors with a black absorber.