Integrated Design Process Research Articles

Integrating Exposed Structural Steel Plate Shear Walls into the Architectural Design Process

Historical precedent shows that advancements in structural engineering technology can facilitate novel architectural forms. Consideration of a recently conceived shear wall panel through an aesthetic lens prompted the authors to investigate the potential of the panel as an architectural design element and as a tool for collaboration between architects and engineers. The innovative shear panels, called Ring Shaped – Steel Plate Shear Walls (RS-SPSW), are characterized by a pattern of circular rings cut into a solid web plate. The resulting shear wall panel has a strong presence as a sculptural object, acts as a visual screen and defines spatial boundaries while providing lateral load resistance. This study develops this shear wall type into an architectural design element by identifying the variables in the shear wall panel design, creating a common vocabulary that encourages architect/ engineer collaboration, and outlining a design method based on the interior design vision. The design methodology addresses what elements can be modified, and to what degree, while preserving structural performance. A sample narrative explores the use of the proposed vocabulary to showcase how this new piece of architectural technology can be used to foster a more integrated and collaborative design process resulting in a contemporary interior space.

Application of Die Molding Technology to Antenna Development

In this paper, as a result of reviewing the conventional mold design process from the viewpoint of the design architecture, it was found that the design of the antennas can be familiar to mold designers because both the die design and the antenna design adopt integral design process, where the design is studied and a feed back is given back to the design. Therefore, decoration molding technology which is one of the applications of die designing technology is very effective for antenna design.

Integrated process design for biocatalytic synthesis by a Leloir Glycosyltransferase: UDP‐glucose production with sucrose synthase

Nucleotide sugar-dependent ("Leloir") glycosyltransferases (GTs), represent a new paradigm for the application of biocatalytic glycosylations to the production of fine chemicals. However, it remains to be shown that GT processes meet the high efficiency targets of industrial biotransformations. We demonstrate in this study of uridine-5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) production by sucrose synthase (from Acidithiobacillus caldus) that a holistic process design, involving coordinated development of biocatalyst production, biotransformation, and downstream processing (DSP) was vital for target achievement at ∼100 g scale synthesis. Constitutive expression in Escherichia coli shifted the recombinant protein production mainly to the stationary phase and enhanced the specific enzyme activity to a level (∼480 U/gcell dry weight ) suitable for whole-cell biotransformation. The UDP-glc production had excellent performance metrics of ∼100 gproduct /L, 86% yield (based on UDP), and a total turnover number of 103 gUDP-glc /gcell dry weight at a space-time yield of 10 g/L/h. Using efficient chromatography-free DSP, the UDP-glc was isolated in a single batch with ≥90% purity and in 73% isolated yield. Overall, the process would allow production of ∼0.7 kg of isolated product/L E. coli bioreactor culture, thus demonstrating how integrated process design promotes the practical use of a GT conversion. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 924-928. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Water Reclamation and Reuse.

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to water reclamation and reuse is presented. The review is divided into the following sections: (1) General: extent of reuse, research needs, guidelines and monitoring, health effects; (2) Treatment technologies: integrated process design, membrane treatment, membrane bioreactors, electrocoagulation, ion exchange and adsorption, disinfection, wetlands, managed aquifer recharge; (3) Planning and management: public acceptance and education, economics/pricing, water quality planning and management and project/case studies. Much of the water treatment research focuses on membrane treatment, integrated designs, and other innovative technologies.

Development of BIM-supported integrated design processes for teaching and practice

Building Information Modelling (BIM) promises to integrate the fragmented disciplines of architecture, engineering and construction, and to optimize the life cycle performance of buildings. BIM cas...

Facilities management added value in closing the energy performance gap

Abstract Existing non-domestic buildings tend to use more energy than expected. This paper investigates how the operational strategies of facilities management can contribute to reducing building energy use. A longitudinal case study of a higher education (HE) campus which was conceptualised with the objective of being environmentally friendly and energy efficient is presented. The paper reflects on the energy performance of the campus since its operation in 2001, based on 14 years of energy data and a detailed record of all initiatives undertaken by the campus’s facilities management (FM) team in order to optimise energy performance. The integrated FM strategy composed of low- and no-cost strategies, continuous improvements, ongoing commissioning and retrofits succeeded in reducing campus energy intensity from 174 to 87 kWh/(m2*yr), now outperforming most relevant benchmarks. This finding highlights the importance of operations and maintenance in reducing the energy usage of existing buildings. This presented findings draw on a single case only, which excels through a very detailed longitudinal dataset. Going forwards, the analysis of further cases is recommended to corroborate the findings. The presented results suggest that proactive operations and maintenance strategies in existing buildings can contribute towards significantly improving energy performance. The profile and competency level of facilities management personnel should consequently be raised strategically at the organisational and national/industrial policy level, whilst integrated design processes should be further expanded to include FM’s operational control and management in a holistically fashion.

Modeling of a V-type mining support in an advanced engineering environment

Designing technical means using advanced computer systems requires the change in approaches to specific tasks carried out in this process. The solution of this problem is an integrative approach, which allows linking different operating ranges, various tools and complicated sets of requirements into a single operating design system. The elements of this integrative approach is the concept of splitting a technical mean system into three sub-system components. The first is structural sub-system containing solutions and their attributes regarding the structural concept of a designed system. The second is drive sub-system containing solutions of drive systems along with the parameters of their operation. Finally the last sub-system contains information relating to the control system and its settings. Systems attributes include such design features as the geometrical characteristics, material characteristics and assembly characteristics. The subject of the integrated design process is a mechanized mining support. As a part of the project the construction system of a mechanized mining support was divided on the three sub-systems. The structural subsystem includes a canopy, a burst shield and foot parts. Whereas the drive sub-system comprises includes the system of hydraulic props and hydraulic cylinders responsible for the functioning of the support. In the example, presented in the paper, is shown the system of hydraulic props where they are arranged in a V-system. These indicated two sub-systems form the structure of the support. It is complemented by the control sub-system basing on the use of control valves and separator valves and an operator control panel.

Systematic integrated process design and control of reactive distillation processes involving multi-elements

In this work, integrated process design and control of reactive distillation processes that involve multiple elements (more than two) is addressed through a computer-aided hierarchical decomposition-based framework. Multiple elements are encountered for reactive systems when four or more compounds (including inert compounds) are encountered. The reactive distillation design methods and tools which are similar in concept to design of binary non-reactive distillations and binary reactive distillations are used for design of multi-element reactive distillation processes, such as driving force approach. The methods that are used in this work are based on equivalent binary element concept. This concept provides the representation of a multi-element system in terms of two key elements, light key and heavy key elements. First, the reactive distillation column is designed using the equivalent binary element driving force approach. Next, through analytical, steady-state and closed-loop dynamic analysis it is verified that the control structure, disturbance rejection and energy requirement of the reactive distillation column is better than any other operation point that is not at the maximum driving force. Furthermore, it is shown that the design at the maximum driving force can be both controlled using simple controllers such as PI as well as advanced controllers such as MPC.

미국 외부공간 친환경 인증(SITES) 사례분석을 통한 친환경 조성기법 및 평가체계 연구

친환경 건축물만이 아닌 지속가능한 대지개발 및 외부환경 조성에 대한 관심과 중요성이 높아짐에 따라 미국에서는 기존 친환경 건축물 인증제인 LEED와는 별도로 Sustainable Sites Initiative(SITES)라는 인증체계를 구축하고, 이를 통해 다양한 유형의 외부공간의 친환경 요소들을 평가하고, 개발 전 과정동안 지속가능하고 통합적인 디자인이 실현되도록 유도하고 있다. 본 연구는 SITES 인증을 획득한 프로젝트들의 구체적인 친환경 전략과 적용기술 등을 분석함으로써, 친환경적인 외부공간 조성기법과 평가체계를 검토하고, 국내 외부환경 친환경 평가체계의 개선에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. SITES 인증을 받은 텍사스 지역 세 대상지의 친환경요소 분석결과, 건축물 중심의 친환경 인증과 달리 토양, 식생, 물 보전 등 조경분야에서의 다양하고 실질적인 친환경 전략과 방법들이 적용되고 있었다. 또한 인증과정을 통해 다양한 분야의 전문가들이 협력하고 소통하는 통합적 디자인과 주민들의 참여가 이루어지고, 환경교육 및 실천으로 이어질 수 있도록 하고 있다. 외부환경 및 녹지의 친환경적 평가기준이 부족한 현실에서 국내 상황에 적합한 현실적이고 실효성 있는 외부환경 친환경 인증 및 평가체계가 필요할 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구는 향후 이러한 논의를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. While many assessment systems for buildings and indoor environment have been created with increasing interest in sustainable development, assessments for sustainable landscaping and outdoor environments have received less attention. Recently, the Sustainable Site Initiatives(SITES) was developed in the USA in order to evaluate and certify sustainable landscape design projects. The purposes of this study are to analyze sustainable landscape strategies and to review the certification system through case studies of SITES certified projects. Three certified projects in Texas were selected and literature review, site visits and interview were conducted. The results indicated that various sustainable and practical strategies were applied including soil preservation, use of native plants and recycled materials, and water harvesting. Also, SITES has benefits to encourage an integrated design process, community participation, and environmental education for the public. This suggests that a certification system for landscaping and outdoor environments needs to be developed to ensure sustainable site development, which helps extend the roles of the landscape architecture profession in sustainable design.

Systematic integrated process design and control of binary element reactive distillation processes

Integrated process design and control of reactive distillation processes is considered through a computer‐aided framework. First, a set of simple design methods for reactive distillation column (RDC) that are similar in concept to nonreactive distillation design methods are extended to design‐control of RDCs. These methods are based on the element concept where the reacting system of compounds is represented as elements. When only two elements are needed to represent the reacting system of more than two compounds, a binary element system is identified. It is shown that the same design‐control principles that apply to a nonreacting binary system of compounds are also valid for a reactive binary system of elements for distillation columns. Application of this framework shows that designing the reactive distillation process at the maximum driving force results in a feasible and reliable design of the process as well as the controller structure. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3137–3154, 2016

Vulnerability Analysis of a Circuit Layout to Hardware Trojan Insertion

While the horizontal integrated circuit design process is extensively practiced, untrusted foundries can impose significant threats on the security of final products. A carefully inserted extra circuitry as a hardware trojan in a circuit layout can interfere with circuit functionality under very rare circumstances with inconsiderable footprints. In this paper, we introduce a novel layout-level vulnerability analysis flow to evaluate the susceptibility of a circuit layout’s regions to hardware Trojan insertion. We also present several metrics based on a circuit layout to quantify the possibility of hardware Trojan insertion in a specific region of layout. Results of applying our flow to several benchmarks have revealed considerably high vulnerability of circuit layouts to hardware Trojan insertion. Furthermore, several Trojans are implemented and inserted in layout regions with different vulnerabilities to evaluate the effectiveness of our new metrics. Our novel layout-level vulnerability analysis flow makes it possible to quantitatively determine the vulnerability of different implementations of a circuit and analyze the susceptibility of each corner of circuit layout to different types of functional Trojans.

Empowering User Interfaces for Industrie 4.0

Industrie 4.0 (English translation: Industry 4.0) stands for functional integration, dynamic reorganization, and resource efficiency. Technical advances in control and communication create infrastructures that handle more and more tasks automatically. As a result, the complexity of today's and future technical systems is hidden from the user. These advances, however, come with distinct challenges for user interface design. A central question is: how to empower users to understand, monitor, and control the automated processes of Industrie 4.0? Addressing these design challenges requires a full integration of user-centered design (UCD) processes into the development process. This paper discusses flexible but powerful methods for usability and user experience engineering in the context of Industrie 4.0.

Heat Integrated Process Design, Simulation and Control of Polymerization and Drying Sections for HDPE Production

This paper describes a production model for high density polyethylene. Aspen Polymer Plus was used to model and simulate the polymerization drying and separation sections. Heat operations were improved using Aspen Energy Analyzer; The pinch analysis method generated, the heat exchanger network. The dynamic model via Aspen Plus Dynamics evaluated the stability and controllability of the models. The simulation results such as production rate, polydispersity index, weight-average molecular weight, and number-average molecular weight correponded with Hakim and Moballegh [1]. Five heat exchanger networks were proposed: the one with the lowest total index cost was selected to perform the dynamics analysis.

작업자의 인지를 고려한 공정 설계에 대한 실증 연구

Yearnmin KimDepartment of I.E., University of UlsanThis study suggests a process design using cognitive processes. Job characteristic model for job design and recent cognitive engineering studies for process design are reviewed briefly. By using these concepts, the lean production system is re-interpreted in terms of cognitive engineering and the latent dimensions of the lean production system are revealed as the application of cognitive engineering principles. An integrated process design framework for cognitive manufacturing system using job characteristic model is suggested for the effective design of manufacturing system.Propositions for empirical analysis of this model are also analyzed through a questionnaire survey. Propositions are (1) experiential cognition and motivation potential affect the ability, role perception, and need for achieve-ment of the operator in the manufacturing system, (2) the ability, role perception, and need for achievement of the operator affect the job performance. Both propositions are supported by correlation analysis and path analysis.

Hybrid Societies: Challenges and Perspectives in the Design of Collective Behavior in Self-organizing Systems

Hybrid societies are self-organizing, collective systems, which are composed of different components, for example, natural and artificial parts (bio-hybrid) or human beings interacting with and through technical systems (socio-technical). Many different disciplines investigate methods and systems closely related to the design of hybrid societies. A stronger collaboration between these disciplines could allow for re-use of methods and create significant synergies. We identify three main areas of challenges in the design of self-organizing hybrid societies. First, we identify the formalization challenge. There is an urgent need for a generic model that allows a description and comparison of collective hybrid societies. Second, we identify the system design challenge. Starting from the formal specification of the system, we need to develop an integrated design process. Third, we identify the challenge of interdisciplinarity. Current research on self-organizing hybrid societies stretches over many different fields and hence requires the re-use and synthesis of methods at intersections between disciplines. We then conclude by presenting our perspective for future approaches with high potential in this area.

MANAGEMENT OF GREEN BUILDING DESIGN

The Green Building Revolution Is Sweeping across The World. It’s A Revolution Inspired by an Awakened Under- Standing of how buildings use resources, affect people, and harm the environment. this revolution is further fueled by the knowledge that the world has little time to respond to the growing dangers of climate change, especially global warming, and that buildings play a huge role in causing carbon . one of the first steps in the green Design process is to establish firm Environmental Goals For The Project. It Is Important To Set Specific Measurable Goals for Things Like Energy Efficiency, Water Conservation, On-Site Treatment of Rain Water And Storm Water, Material And Resource Management, Construction Waste Management. And we can discover the Benefits of Green Building In Light Of Climate Change throw Mitigation and Adaptation Study The Green Building Design Process And Principles, The Research Discuss Integrated Design Process In General, Green Building Design Principles Are Building Shape And Orientation, Building Envelope (Heat Insulation And Building Density) And Solar Protection. ,Rating systems for green building and BIM technology to study building performance and its indictors are applied in a 3 case studies

Effective utilisation of cassava bio-wastes through integrated process design: A sustainable approach to indirect waste management

An integrated process design, which can be applied in small-to-medium batch processing, was proposed. The process is based on the exploitation of intact (whole) cassava root, through optimisation of simultaneous release recovery cyanogenesis downstream processing for sustainable wastes minimisation and packaging material development.An integrative seven unit process model flow was considered in the process design modelling. Using the release process models, it was possible to predict the maximum yield (45.8%) and the minimum total cyanogens (0.6ppm) and colour difference (4.0) needed to avoid wastes and unsafe biopolymer derivatives. The process design allowed saving on the energy and water due to its ability to reuse wastewaters in the reactions and release processes. Drying rates, Scanning electron micrograph, Differential scanning calorimetry, Water vapour transmission rate and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy analyses have demonstrated the practical advantage of laminar flow hood air systems over oven-drying heat for integrated process design.Thus, the integrated process design could be used as a green tool in production of cassava products with near zero environmental waste disposal.

Geothermal electricity generation and desalination: an integrated process design to conserve latent heat with operational improvements

A new process combination is proposed to link geothermal electricity generation with desalination. The concept involves maximizing the utilization of harvested latent heat by passing the turbine exhaust steam into a multiple effect distillation system and then into an adsorption desalination system. Processes are fully integrated to produce electricity, desalted water for consumer consumption, and make-up water for the geothermal extraction system. Further improvements in operational efficiency are achieved by adding a seawater reverse osmosis system to the site to utilize some of the generated electricity and using on-site aquifer storage and recovery to maximize water production with tailoring of seasonal capacity requirements and to meet facility maintenance requirements. The concept proposed conserves geothermally harvested latent heat and maximizes the economics of geothermal energy development. Development of a fully renewable energy electric generation-desalination-aquifer storage campus is introduced within the framework of geothermal energy development.

A concept of integrated environmental approach, Part 2: Integrated approach to rehabilitation

In the first part of this series, we discussed that the building structure, energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and moisture management all need to be considered simultaneously to ensure durability of materials and control cost of near-zero energy buildings. These factors must be addressed through contributions of the whole design team. It is also evident that building physics must take an active role in development of near-zero energy buildings. The need to ensure good indoor environment and durability of materials and limit the cost of buildings led to integrated design process that now is typical in Canada for design of low-energy buildings. Furthermore, interactions between energy efficiency, quality of indoor environment and moisture management led us to introduce a concept of “environmental control.” In the meantime, we made an unexpected observation—Vancouver dwellings in 2002 use the same amount of energy as 1920 uninsulated masonry buildings erected in the same location. We concluded that despite having advanced technology, our lack of vision prevents us from an effective use of this technology. With the quest for sustainable buildings, we should learn more from termites, who appear to master the art of hygrothermal control better than humans as they are capable of maintaining highly stable interior comfort zone without heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment. Nevertheless, whatever progress is achieved in new low-energy buildings, it is lost when rehabilitating existing buildings because there an owner will typically do one step at a time. If the financial constraints do not allow for more, this first step should be an integrated action that includes a combination of insulation and heating systems.

Integrated Process Design and Control of Multi-element Reactive Distillation Processes

In this work, integrated process design and control of reactive distillation processes involving multi-elements is presented. The reactive distillation column is designed using methods and tools which are similar in concept to non-reactive distillation design methods, such as driving force approach. The methods employed in this work are based on equivalent element concept. This concept facilitates the representation of a multi-element reactive system as equivalent binary light and heavy key elements. First, the reactive distillation column is designed at the maximum driving force where through steady-state analysis it is shown that it has the least energy consumption and carbon footprint. Next, through analytical and dynamic analysis it is verified that the control structure, disturbance rejection and the controllability at the maximum driving force is the best compared to any other design alternative which does not operate at the maximum driving force.