Integration Of Blockchain Technology Research Articles

Integrating Blockchain Technology in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

This paper presents a transformative approach to enhancing transparency, security, and traceability. By utilizing a decentralized ledger system, stakeholders can access real-time data about drug provenance and distribution, thereby increasing consumer confidence and improving regulatory compliance. Existing pharmaceutical supply chains face significant challenges, including counterfeit drugs, lack of visibility, and inefficiencies in tracking products through complex logistics networks. These issues lead to financial losses, compromised patient safety, and regulatory penalties. This study proposes a novel framework, the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain using Blockchain Technology (PSC-BCT), designed to address these existing challenges. The PSC-BCT framework leverages smart contracts, distributed ledgers, and IoT integration to create a secure, transparent, and efficient supply chain ecosystem. This framework enables all participants, from manufacturers to pharmacists, to share and verify transaction data, thereby enhancing accountability and reducing the risk of fraud. The proposed method is utilized to streamline operations, reduce delays, and enhance data integrity within the pharmaceutical supply chain. By ensuring that every transaction is recorded immutably, stakeholders can verify product authenticity and track the drug's journey from production to the end consumer. The findings indicate that the PSC-BCT framework significantly improves supply chain transparency and efficiency while reducing instances of counterfeit drugs. Furthermore, the implementation of blockchain technology fosters trust among stakeholders and enhances compliance with regulatory standards, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and safety.

Integrating Blockchain Technology with Internet of Things and Edge Computing to Achieve Security

The last decade has seen many advancements and emergence in computing technologies; Internet of Things (IoT) being one of the most successful among them. Huge data generation in IoT can be utilized for analysis and monitoring the behaviour of various patterns. In spite of wide adaptability, IoT has various challenges such as privacy, security and computational constraints. To address the later challenge, Edge computing can be a potential solution with great computational resources leading towards the improvement in performance in terms of latency, throughput and response time. However, privacy and security remain largely unaddressed along with the traditional limitations of a centralized approach. This brings into the usage of another technology viz. Blockchain that handles the issue of privacy and security through its inherent features such as immutability, transparency and decentralization. In this research, we intend to explore the option of possible integration of Blockchain technology with IoT to address these challenges.

The Efficiency Assessment of the Blockchain Networks Adaptive Algorithm as Part of a Multi-Consensus System on Communication Networks

The relevance of the approaches and solutions proposed in the work is due to the desire for distributed computing and decentralization of system modules using blockchain technology in order to increase the autonomy, security and independence of system components. The implementation of blockchain technology for decentralization is hampered by the lack of flexibility in terms of the algorithm for making a single decision in the asynchronous system ‒ consensus, which affects the amount of generated network traffic and the requirements for the hardware component. Due to the changing nature of the transmitted traffic, the load on the communication channel, the time of day of traffic transmission, the equipment, and the network protocols used, the development of a single universal consensus algorithm is not possible, since it depends on a very wide range of variable and specific parameters characteristic of different tasks. The introduction of adaptation mechanisms to current network conditions and a change in the consensus algorithm without losing information and with a satisfactory level of delays would provide sufficient flexibility for further implementation in existing telecommunication systems. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive algorithm for choosing a consensus for blockchain networks.The essence of the presented algorithm is to change the consensus algorithm on a section of the blockchain network upon reaching certain network conditions, which allows regulating the amount of generated load on the communication network to reduce the loss of transaction blocks and the subsequent delay in their processing. The proposed efficiency assessment model is based on mathematical modeling methods, differential equation analysis, queueing theory and network graphs. The analysis of the results showed the efficiency of the proposed model when comparing the results of the analytical calculation and the experiment. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach is to developing an adaptive consensus selection algorithm, as opposed to developing a universal consensus algorithm, and the efficiency assessment model of the proposed algorithm on the communication network, taking into account a number of parameters characterizing the devices and the section of the communication network.The theoretical significance is in the universality of the proposed efficiency assessment model for calculating the synchronization speed of all nodes of the blockchain network with specified network parameters.The practical significance of the proposed algorithm and efficiency assessment method lies in the formation of new approaches and opportunities for integrating blockchain technology into modern communication networks, abstracting from the problem of consensus selection in changing conditions of the communication network section.

Transforming agri-food value chains in Bangladesh: A practical application of blockchain for traceability and fair pricing

The agricultural sector is a vital component of Bangladesh's economy, but its agri-food supply chain faces signifi-cant inefficiencies primarily due to the involvement of numerous intermediaries. This complexity not only reduces the profits for farmers but also affects the overall transparency and efficiency of the supply chain. This study aims to em-ploy blockchain technology to transform the traditional agri-food supply chain in Bangladesh, focusing on increasing transparency, enhancing efficiency, and improving profitability for farmers, thus potentially bolstering the entire agri-food ecosystem in the country. The research involves setting up a blockchain-based smart contract on the Ethereum Blockchain network. This approach guarantees that all transactions within the agri-food supply chain are transparent, traceable, and accountable. Additionally, the study develops a web application to facilitate user interaction with the smart contract, enhancing accessibility and usability. Performance analysis and testing of the implemented smart con-tract demonstrate its capability to handle a significant volume of transactions without compromising on performance. The solution effectively reduces the dependency on intermediaries, thereby increasing the profit margins for the farm-ers involved. The integration of blockchain technology in the agri-food supply chain has shown promising results in enhancing transparency and efficiency. It lays a solid foundation for future improvements and suggests a scalable model that could be applied to other sectors within the country to further enhance agricultural practices and economic growth.

Optimized application and potential impact of blockchain technology in carbon trading

The integration of blockchain technology with carbon trading opens up new avenues for carbon market optimization. The use of blockchain technology to address climate change is the main topic of this research. Using case studies as a basis, it examines how blockchain technology might help optimize the carbon trading market. It is discovered that the drawbacks and inefficiencies of the carbon trading market can be technically addressed by the current blockchain technology. Blockchain technology has been instrumental in increasing the market’s transparency and streamlining the trading procedure for carbon offsets. Green finance and blockchain technology work together to lessen “greenwashing” behavior, and their cooperation enhances the carbon trading market. This research offers a valuable resource for the enhancement and novelty of carbon trading methods, the growth of environmentally conscious financial enterprises, and the incorporation of the carbon market through the utilization of blockchain technology.

Implementation of Blockchain Technology in the Development of a Mobile-Based E-Career System

In the current digital era, Blockchain technology has shown great potential across various sectors, including education and career development. However, its application in electronic career systems or E-Career is still rare. This creates an urgency to conduct research on how Blockchain technology can be applied in E-Career systems to enhance efficiency, transparency, and security in the career search process for students. This study aims to implement Blockchain technology in the development of an E-Career system at Politeknik LP3I Medan, based on a mobile application. One sector that can benefit from Blockchain technology is the electronic career system or E-Career. This system aims to facilitate career searches for students in a more efficient and transparent manner. However, the challenge in implementing this system lies in ensuring that data shared between different parties is secure and immutable. The main goal is to create a system that is not only efficient but also secure and transparent. Thus, students can search for careers in a more efficient and transparent way, while companies can more easily find the right candidates. Additionally, this research also aims to identify and address the challenges in integrating Blockchain technology with mobile applications.

Discovering Islamic marketing potential in shaping blockchain-­based halal logistic services: a bibliometric analysis

Purpose This paper aims to examine the Islamic marketing literature to uncover potential customer adoption behaviours and enhance the effectiveness of blockchain-based halal logistics services in catering to customer demands. The findings of this paper provide substantial contributions to the realms of both halal logistics services and Islamic marketing literature, delineating future paths for research. By delving into halal logistics practices, integration procedures and service provider performance, this paper assists stakeholders in enhancing halal logistics services to meet the changing demands of customers effectively. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a systematic review incorporating bibliometric analysis to examine past and contemporary research topics, selecting and appraising contributions while analysing and consolidating data. A methodical approach has been used to identify, assess and incorporate pertinent studies on Islamic characteristics, traceability technology, blockchain integration and halal logistics practices. Findings After screening and analysing 139 selected documents with the VOS viewer, it is evident that among a 1,000 keywords, 15 stand out in terms of frequency and link strength. The research highlights the considerable academic interest in themes such as “blockchain”, “halal logistics” and “supply chain”, underscoring their importance. The findings of this paper help bridge the gap in Islamic marketing by linking technology with religious values. It suggests that the integration of blockchain technology in halal logistics enhances operational efficiency while aligning with both operational and Islamic marketing principles, promoting ethical conduct and transparency as key enablers. Practical implications The theoretical significance of this paper lies in establishing a correlation among three key research domains: technology, symbolised by blockchain; customer-centric operations, incorporating the halal supply chain and logistics within Islamic marketing. The outcomes reflect consumer behaviour and Shariah compliance. This integration has the potential to introduce innovative theoretical frameworks that encompass religious ethics in marketing, logistics and technological advancements. Originality/value This paper comprehensively analyses the intersection between blockchain technology, halal logistics, supply chain management and Islamic marketing. The paper has comprehensively analysed previous studies and outlined the future research path for blockchain technology in halal logistics and its application in Islamic marketing literature.

Tokenized carbon credits in voluntary carbon markets: the case of KlimaDAO

The voluntary carbon market offers a flexible and cost-effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which has led to increased interest in these markets. Within the decentralized finance ecosystem, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations leverage the tokenization of carbon credits to enhance efficiency and transparency. KlimaDAO, established in August 2021, aims to accelerate the adoption of carbon markets by integrating blockchain technology to facilitate transparent, secure, and accessible carbon trading. This study analyzes the evolution of KlimaDAO by evaluating its market capitalization, token prices, staking participation, carbon credit retirements, market participation, and concentration. The analysis reveals that while KlimaDAO initially achieved significant engagement and activity, it now faces challenges associated with market maturity and participant retention. Finally, the study highlights the importance of standardization and regulatory frameworks to enhance interoperability, transparency, and legitimacy within the tokenized carbon market.

Maritime Supply Chain Optimisation: A Case Study of Blockchain Integration in Port Logistics Management

This research examines the potential for maritime supply chain optimisation through the integration of blockchain technology in port logistics management. In the era of global digitalisation, the maritime sector faces challenges to improve operational efficiency and transparency. This study uses a case study approach to evaluate the implementation of blockchain in one of Indonesia's major ports. The research methodology involved qualitative and quantitative analyses, including interviews with key stakeholders, direct observation of logistics processes, and analysis of historical port operational data. The blockchain system was implemented over a six-month period, and its performance was compared with conventional logistics management systems. Key challenges identified include the need for a large initial investment, resistance to change from some stakeholders, and the need for industry-wide standardisation of blockchain protocols. This research demonstrates the great potential of blockchain technology in optimising maritime supply chains. Recommendations for further implementation and future research are discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of industry collaboration and regulatory support to accelerate the adoption of this technology in the maritime sector.

Enhancing heart disease classification with M2MASC and CNN-BiLSTM integration for improved accuracy

Heart disease is a leading cause of death globally; therefore, accurate detection and classification are prominent, and several DL and ML methods have been developed over the last decade. However, the classical approaches may be prone to overfitting and under fitting issues, and the model performance may lag due to the unavailability of annotated datasets. To overcome these issues, the research proposed a model for heart disease detection and classification by integrating blockchain technology with a Modified mixed attention-enabled search optimizer-based CNN-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (M2MASC enabled CNN-BiLSTM) model. The novel model incorporates a pre-trained VGG16 model to enhance feature extraction and improve the overall predictive accuracy. Leveraging the continuous monitoring capabilities of IoT devices, patient data is collected in real-time, providing a dynamic source to the CNN-BiLSTM model. Blockchain integration ensures stored health data’s security, transparency, and immutability, addresses privacy concerns, and promotes trust in the predictive system. The classifier parameters are tuned using the modified mixed attention and search optimization. The M2MASC-enabled CNN-BiLSTM model performs better than traditional methods of accuracy 98.25%, precision 99.57%, and recall 97.53% for TP 80 with the MIT-BIH dataset.

Transforming Governance Through Public Participation: A Model for Voting on Manifestos and Tax Allocation

This research paper explores the potential of transforming governance by shifting the focus of electoral participation from individual candidates to their manifestos, alongside proposing a public voting mechanism for tax allocation. By integrating blockchain technology, this model aims to enhance transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement in the democratic process. It posits that decentralizing authority and empowering the public can mitigate corruption and promote a more responsive government aligned with community needs.

BCT Crowdfunding: Is It the Bridge of Trust Required for Funding EU’s SMEs?

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the cornerstone of the European eDaconomy, representing 99.8% of all businesses and providing 66% of employment. Despite their critical role, SMEs face significant challenges in accessing traditional financing, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, which led to a reduction in riskier lending by banks. Crowdfunding has emerged as a viable alternative, offering a decentralized and democratized avenue for raising capital, especially through platforms powered by blockchain technology.This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology (BCT) to revolutionize crowdfunding within the European Union (EU), addressing the critical financial needs of SMEs. BCT enhances transparency, trust, and efficiency in crowdfunding by enabling features such as tokenization, smart contracts, and decentralization. These innovations offer solutions to longstanding issues in traditional finance, such as fraud, information asymmetry, and the reliance on intermediaries.However, the paper also highlights the limitations and challenges of crowdfunding in Europe, particularly the disparities in crowdfunding trends between the UK, Nordic countries, and the rest of the EU. Financial data from 2018 and projections for 2023 reveal that while the number of crowdfunding campaigns in the EU is growing, the per-campaign value remains significantly lower compared to the UK, reflecting a continued focus on smaller-scale investments.The integration of BCT into crowdfunding practices presents both opportunities and obstacles. Although it offers a promising path to more efficient and secure funding mechanisms, the successful implementation of BCT will require coordinated efforts from governments, regulatory bodies, financial institutions, and technology developers to navigate the complex legal and technological landscape.In conclusion, while blockchain-based crowdfunding has the potential to reshape SME financing in Europe, realizing its full benefits will demand proactive engagement with emerging challenges and continuous adaptation to evolving regulatory frameworks.

Integration of Blockchain Technology into the Internet of Things (Overview)

Integration of Blockchain Technology into the Internet of Things (Overview)

A review on digital transformation in healthcare waste management: Applications, research trends and implications.

At present, both emerging and developed economies have faced the challenge of higher healthcare waste generation. Developed countries are using these technologies to manage healthcare waste and cope with the challenge. Emerging economies are still struggling to understand and implement digital technologies in healthcare waste management, posing a danger to partners handling toxic and hazardous waste. The proper handling of healthcare waste is essential for social and environmental sustainability. Digital technologies that drive digital transformation in the healthcare sector impact the traditional way of managing healthcare waste. Digital technologies include artificial intelligence, blockchain, the Internet of Things, sensors, data analytics and radio frequency identification. These technologies can potentially address vehicle route planning and scheduling problems, resource optimisation, real-time tracking and the visibility of healthcare waste management. Apart from economic and environmental concerns, the operational workforce also takes care of societal well-being and implements waste management strategies and policies. Past research has focused on integrating blockchain technology to enhance traceability and transparency in waste collection and disposal activities. However, the application and impact of these technologies for managing different operations of healthcare management with sustainability is a gap bridged by the present study. This study adopts a systematic literature review to identify research trends, applications and implications of digital transformation. It proposes a digital technology-driven framework for healthcare waste management for further research.

Federated Learning Frameworks for Secure and Decentralized Authentication

Federated Learning (FL) is a cutting-edge machine learning approach that enables multiple or edge devices to train models collaboratively without sharing sensitive data. This approach not only ensures the privacy and security of data by keeping it localized but also promotes the collective improvement of machine learning models across various participants. A systematic literature review explored integrating Blockchain technology with federated learning. Blockchain's potential to address existing security and privacy vulnerabilities in traditional federated learning systems is analyzed in depth. One of the key benefits of combining Blockchain with FL is enhanced protection against potential attacks, such as data tampering or unauthorized access. The study also examines how Blockchain-based federated learning systems can offer better records and rewards management, contributing to fairer and more transparent systems. In addition, Blockchain's role in improving verification and accountability within federated learning frameworks has been critically evaluated. By integrating Blockchain, federated learning can achieve higher levels of trust and security in collaborative machine-learning processes. The latest research highlights innovative Blockchain-based methods that tackle these challenges, ensuring robust privacy and security measures. Overall, this approach represents a significant advancement in distributed machine learning, aligning with contemporary needs for data protection and collaborative efficiency.

Evaluation of Blockchain Technology in the Context of Tourism Sector within the Framework of Diffusion of Innovation Theory: Challenges and Opportunities

Blockchain technology is one of the technologies emphasized both academically and practically due to the possibility of application integration in different fields. The tourism sector has an interest in blockchain technology due to its early and rapid adoption of technology. Today, blockchain technology is mainly used in finance. However, it is also preferred in tourism due to the opportunities it provides in data management, payment systems, identity management and loyalty programs. In this study, a literature review was first conducted to examine the use of blockchain technology in the tourism sector. Then, the first pioneer companies that emerged in the field of tourism were classified. The relationship between blockchain and tourism is evaluated within the scope of institutional analysis. Then, an analysis was carried out within the framework of the diffusion of innovation theory. As a result, it has been determined that blockchain technology is still developing. However, the promising and growing number of the first sectoral solutions increases the likelihood of acceptance. There is a lack of knowledge about blockchain among industry players and consumers. Integration of blockchain technology with tourism applications is ongoing, but no generally accepted standard has emerged. It has been determined that there are deficiencies regarding local and global legal regulations.

Enhancing International Trade Security: Real-Time Risk Assessment in Brazilian Customs with Blockchain Technology

This study introduces an innovative approach by integrating blockchain technology with risk analysis methods for international trade. The practical application and tangible improvements observed in a real case study highlight the originality and value of this approach, offering a robust framework for future research and practical implementation. The security of exports presents a challenge for customs authorities, requiring the analysis of vast volumes of data from diverse sources and stakeholders. Blockchain technology offers a viable solution by facilitating the sharing of reliable and secure data among participants in the international supply chain. This study proposes a distributed risk analysis method based on Blockchain to detect and prevent fraud and irregularities in Brazilian exports. The technique aims to enhance efficiency and protection in customs clearance, providing real-time risk analysis feedback at various supply chain stages. The method includes four stages: data collection, risk classification, validation, and feedback. It employs a Model Form for Insertion into the Blockchain, the DBSCAN algorithm to identify out-of-pattern transactions (outliers) at the manufacturing stage, and a Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the volume and specific products exported from Rio Grande do Sul. We applied this method in a case study of beef exports from Brazil. Using this method led to significant improvements in processing times, operational costs, transparency, and security in the supply chain. The blockchain-based approach identified fraudulent activities, such as value tampering and undeclared goods, enhancing compliance and trust among trade partners. Implementing this method can significantly reduce operational costs and processing times in international trade while increasing security and transparency. This approach benefits customs authorities and private operators, promoting a more reliable and efficient commercial environment. Adopting blockchain technology in international trade can reduce fraudulent and illicit practices, promoting greater fairness and equity in commercial transactions. Increased transparency strengthens trust among various actors in the supply chain, fostering a sense of social responsibility.

E-Voting in India: A Secure, Transparent, and Cost-Efficient Future Through Blockchain and Aadhaar Integration

This paper explores the potential for e-voting in India, focusing on the challenges of the current electoral system and how the integration of blockchain technology and Aadhaar can provide secure, transparent, and cost-efficient solutions. Drawing on global examples from countries like Estonia, Switzerland, and Brazil, the paper presents a case for India’s transition to e-voting, supported by data analysis of costs, voter turnout, environmental impact, and security concerns. It also proposes an implementation strategy, including cybersecurity measures, pilot programs, and legislative reforms required to bring e-voting to life in India.

Research on the Game Strategy of Mutual Safety Risk Prevention and Control of Industrial Park Enterprises under Blockchain Technology

Systematic management of corporate safety risks in industrial parks has become a hot topic. And risk prevention and control mutual aid is a brand-new model in the risk and emergency management of the park. In the context of blockchain, how to incentivize enterprises to actively invest in safety risk prevention and control mutual aid has become a series of key issues facing government regulators. This paper innovatively combines Prospect Theory, Mental Accounting, and Evolutionary Game Theory to create a hypothetical model of limited rationality for the behavior of key stakeholders (core enterprises, supporting enterprises, and government regulatory departments) in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. Under the static prize punishment mechanism and dynamic punishment mechanism, the evolutionary stabilization strategy of stakeholders was analyzed, and numerical simulation analysis was performed through examples. The results show: (1) Mutual aid for risk prevention and control among park enterprises is influenced by various factors, including external and subjective elements, and evolves through complex evolutionary paths (e.g., reference points, value perception). (2) Government departments are increasingly implementing dynamic reward and punishment measures to address the shortcomings of static mechanisms. Government departments should dynamically adjust reward and punishment strategies, determine clearly the highest standards for rewards and punishments, and the combination of various incentives and penalties can significantly improve the effectiveness of investment decisions in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. (3) Continuously optimizing the design of reward and punishment mechanisms, integrating blockchain technology with management strategies to motivate enterprise participation, and leveraging participant feedback are strategies and recommendations that provide new insights for promoting active enterprise investment in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. The marginal contribution of this paper is to reveal the evolutionary pattern of mutual safety risk prevention and control behaviors of enterprises in chemical parks in the context of blockchain.

IOTASDN: IOTA 2.0 Smart Contracts for Securing Software-Defined Networking Ecosystem.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has revolutionized network management by providing unprecedented flexibility, control, and efficiency. However, its centralized architecture introduces critical security vulnerabilities. This paper introduces a novel approach to securing SDN environments using IOTA 2.0 smart contracts. The proposed system utilizes the IOTA Tangle, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure, to improve scalability and efficiency while eliminating transaction fees and reducing energy consumption. We introduce three smart contracts: Authority, Access Control, and DoS Detector, to ensure trusted and secure network operations, prevent unauthorized access, maintain the integrity of control data, and mitigate denial-of-service attacks. Through comprehensive simulations using Mininet and the ShimmerEVM IOTA Test Network, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in enhancing SDN security. Our findings highlight the potential of IOTA 2.0 smart contracts to provide a robust, decentralized solution for securing SDN environments, paving the way for the further integration of blockchain technologies in network management.