Volume Integral Research Articles

Numerical evaluation of line, surface and toroidal integrals on level sets of toroidally symmetric functions

We investigate strategies to numerically integrate closed lines and surfaces that are implicitly defined by level sets (iso-contours) of continuously differentiable toroidally symmetric functions. The “grid-transform” approach transforms quantities given in non-surface-aligned coordinates onto a numerically constructed surface-aligned grid. Here, line and surface integrals, as well as so-called flux-surface averages, can be easily evaluated using high order integration formulas. We compare this method to ones that base on numerical representations of the delta-function.For the grid-transform method we observe high order convergence of line, surface and volume integration. Quantitatively, the errors for line and area integration are several orders of magnitude smaller than previously reported errors for delta-function methods. Furthermore, a delta-function method based on a Gaussian representation shows qualitatively wrong results of surface integrals near O- and X-points. Contrarily, the grid transform method suffers no deterioration near O-points. However, close to X-points we observe reduced first order convergence in volume integral and derivative tests due to the diverging volume element.Finally, we derive a toroidal integration based on toroidal summation and a smoothing kernel that assumes field-alignment of structures between the toroidal planes. The smoothing kernel can be interpreted as a partial flux-surface average. The resulting smoothed toroidal average eliminates unphysical poloidal oscillations that are otherwise present in the simple toroidal average.Our methods can be applied to toroidal and flux-surface averages in simulations of three-dimensional plasma dynamics on non-aligned grids. Further applications include closed line and surface integrals in level set methods. Efficient implementations can be found in the freely available Feltor library.

PSGen, a generator of phase space parameterizations for the multichannel Monte Carlo integration

PSGen is a new general purpose Fortran program which has been written to facilitate the Monte Carlo phase space integration of the S matrix element of any 2→n scattering process, with n=2,...,9, provided by the user. The program is written in Fortran 90/95. It uses a new very fast algorithm that automatically generates calls to Fortran subroutines containing different phase space parameterizations of the considered class of processes. The parameterizations take into account mappings of poles due to the Feynman propagators of unstable heavy particles decaying into 2 or 3 on shell final state particles according to predefined patterns, possible single or double t-channel poles and peaks due to one on shell photon or gluon radiation. The individual subroutines are organized in a single multichannel kinematics subroutine which can be easily called while computing the phase space integral of the S matrix element as a function of generated particle four momenta, in either the leading or higher orders of the perturbation series. The particle four momenta can be used in a quadruple precision version, if necessary. Program summaryProgram Title:PSGenCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/y7nprysy8g.1Developer's repository link:https://www.kk.us.edu.pl/psgen.htmlLicensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: Fortran 90/95Nature of problem: Automatic generation of Fortran routines which allow for the multichannel Monte Carlo integration of user's provided S matrix element as a function of generated particle four momenta of any 2→n, with n=2,...,9, scattering process. The S matrix can be defined in either the leading or higher orders.Solution method: A new very fast algorithm written in Fortran 90/95 generates calls to different handwritten subroutines containing phase space parameterizations which, among others, take into account poles due to the Feynman propagators of unstable heavy particles decaying into 2 or 3 on shell final state particles according to predefined patterns, possible single or double t-channel poles and peaks due to one on shell photon or gluon radiation. The generated routines are moved to a directory, where they are combined in a single properly normalized multichannel phase space parameterization. The corresponding kinematics subroutine is self-consistent and can be readily combined with any program which calculates the S matrix element in either the leading or higher orders of the perturbation series. The particle four momenta can be generated in a quadruple precision version, if necessary. The automatically generated subroutine containing calls to different kinematics subroutines can be easily supplemented with calls to user's own made kinematics subroutines.

Colliding gravitational waves and singularities

We have investigated a model of colliding plain gravitational waves, proposed by Szekeres, whose structure of singularities is determined. We have evaluated a total energy of matter as a volume integral of the energy–momentum tensor (EMT), whose contributions arise only at these singularities. The total matter energy is conserved before a collision of two plane gravitational waves but decreases during the collision and becomes zero at the end of the collision. We thus interpret that this model of colliding plane gravitational waves is a space–time describing a pair annihilation of plan gravitational waves. We have also calculated a matter conserved charge proposed by the present author and his collaborators. The matter charge is indeed conserved but is zero due to a cancelation between two plain gravitational waves. This seems natural since nothing remains after a pair annihilation, and gives a hint on a physical interpretation of the conserved charge, which we call the gravitational charge. By modifying the space–time for the pair annihilation, we newly construct two types of a scattering plane gravitational wave and a pair creation of plane gravitational waves, and combining all, a Minkowski vacuum bottle, a Minkowski space–time surrounded by two moving plane gravitational waves.

Liouville's formulae and Hadamard variation with respect to general domain perturbations

We study Hadamard variations with respect to general domain perturbations, particularly for the Neumann boundary condition. They are derived from new Liouville's formulae concerning the transformation of volume and area integrals. Then, relations to several geometric quantities are discussed; differential forms and the second fundamental form on the boundary.

Low dead space encapsulation and integration of circuits for retinal prosthesis based on cyclic olefin copolymer.

A retinal prosthesis is a device that can provide artificial vision to people who have lost their sight from certain retinal disorder. Because the device needs to be inserted into the body, high flexibility and reliability is required. Recently, devices using thermoplastic polymers such as LCP and COC as substrates have been studied. Being a highly functional integrated device, retinal prosthesis poses many design challenges. Among them, the stimulation chip embedding can be a particularly important task. Although it is common to use a wire bonding method for chip embedding, there are several limitations that are difficult to apply to implantable device. In this investigation, a novel approach is developed for high spaceefficient electrical connections and perform reliable encapsulation of integrated circuits to replace wire bonding. Since designing and manufacturing the stimulator chip used in retinal prosthesis requires non-negligible cost, a silicon die with the identical shape was selected as a substitute for testing purposes.

GLOBALIZATION AND ITS CHALLENGES

Globalization is the name given to the phenomenon of integration of the world space through technical advances in the communication and transport sectors. This process intensified with the advent of the Third Industrial Revolution, which saw an increase in international flows of capital, goods, people and information. This process is marked by the proliferation of transnational companies and the consolidation of financial capitalism, promoting profound changes in the international economic system and in the organization of work. In its current phase, new geographic networks were created, and there was an unprecedented expansion of the scales of information propagation and also of consumption. Despite this, globalization has not spread homogeneously across territories, placing part of the world’s population on the margins of this process. This work is a literature review.

Seismic Stability Limit Analysis of Unsaturated Soil Slopes Reinforced by Frame Beam Anchor Plates

The frame beam anchor plate (FBAP) reinforced slope has been popularized and applied in some fill slope projects. Nevertheless, the existing design method ignores the influence of earthquake action and the suction effect of unsaturated soils. The stability of unsaturated soil slopes reinforced with FBAPs under an earthquake is analyzed based on the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and pseudo-dynamic method to solve the above problems. The influence of the suction effect on the effective weight and strength of unsaturated soils under one-dimensional steady seepage conditions was considered in the derivation of the energy balance equation. A simplified method based on the volume integral of the rotating body is used to calculate the external work rate. Two possible failure modes of anchorage structures are considered when solving internal energy dissipation. Results show that the influence of suction and seepage conditions on slope stability decreases with the increasing soil pore size distribution parameter n and saturated hydraulic conductivity ks. Also, the stability of the slopes is significantly improved with the increase of total rows of anchor plates. Likewise, the stability of slopes decreases with the increase in the horizontal seismic coefficient kh and amplification coefficient fa.

Complete two-loop QCD amplitudes for tW production at hadron colliders

We have calculated the complete two-loop QCD amplitudes for hadronic tW production by combining analytical and numerical techniques. The amplitudes have been first reduced to master integrals of eight planar and seven non-planar families, which can contain at most four massive propagators. Then a rational transformation of the master integrals is found to obtain a good basis so that the dimensional parameter decouples from the kinematic variables in the denominators of reduction coefficients. The master integrals are computed by solving their differential equations numerically. We find that the finite part of the two-loop squared amplitude is stable in the bulk of the phase space. After phase space integration and convolution with the parton distributions, it increases the LO cross section at the 13 TeV LHC by about 3%.

Transmorph: a unifying computational framework for modular single-cell RNA-seq data integration.

Data integration of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data describes the task of embedding datasets gathered from different sources or experiments into a common representation so that cells with similar types or states are embedded close to one another independently from their dataset of origin. Data integration is a crucial step in most scRNA-seq data analysis pipelines involving multiple batches. It improves data visualization, batch effect reduction, clustering, label transfer, and cell type inference. Many data integration tools have been proposed during the last decade, but a surge in the number of these methods has made it difficult to pick one for a given use case. Furthermore, these tools are provided as rigid pieces of software, making it hard to adapt them to various specific scenarios. In order to address both of these issues at once, we introduce the transmorph framework. It allows the user to engineer powerful data integration pipelines and is supported by a rich software ecosystem. We demonstrate transmorph usefulness by solving a variety of practical challenges on scRNA-seq datasets including joint datasets embedding, gene space integration, and transfer of cycle phase annotations. transmorph is provided as an open source python package.

Історична політика Російської православної церкви щодо України як складова неоімперської геополітики Росії

The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the main historical narratives of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), to fi nd out the interpretations of Ukrainian history as the ideological basis of Russian geopolitics of the integration of the post-Soviet space and the incorporation of Ukraine, to show the use of the historical policy of the ROC as an argument for the legitimization of the war against Ukraine. Th e methodological foundation of the research is the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematicity, and comprehensiveness. The methods of analysis and synthesis as well as problem-chronological, historical-genetic, and historical- comparative methods have been used. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the fact that, for the fi rst time, the article examines the problem of the Russian Orthodox Church’s use of historical policy to form an ideological basis for the implementation of the neo-imperial geopolitical doctrine of the absorption of Ukraine by Russia. Conclusions. Th e ideologues of the original “Russian civilization” and “Russian world” are used as the theoretical foundation of Russian foreign policy towards Ukraine and as a rationale for the current geopolitical confrontation with the Western world. Th e historical policy of the Russian Orthodox Church is based on the promotion of the interconnected concepts of “Holy Rus”, “historical Rus”, and “historical Russia”, which imply the large civilizational space of the “Russian world”, of which Ukraine is an integral part. Th e importance of Ukraine in the historiosophical constructions of the Russian Orthodox Church is determined by the fact that the origins of Russian Orthodox spirituality and statehood are connected with the territory of modern Ukraine. Therefore, together with the Kremlin, the Russian Orthodox Church implements the neo-imperial geopolitical project of “the Russkiy Mir (“the Russian World”), aimed at restoring the Russian superpower and integrating the post-So- viet space”. Its ideological foundation is the historical-religious concept of “Holy Russia”, which implies the absorption of Ukraine by Russia. The claims of the Russian Orthodox Church about the entry of Ukraine into “historical Rus” and, accordingly, into “historical Russia”, the statements about one people, one faith, and a common state, insisting on the canonicality of the Russian Orthodox Church over the terri- tory of Ukraine – all these are the basis of the justifi cation that denies the separate identity of Ukrainians, the legitimacy of the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, the right to the existence of the Ukrainian state and gives reasons to assert that the common past determines the common future. These arguments have become the rationale for Russian geopolitical expan- sion and aggression against Ukraine.

Formation of the System of Secondary Vocational Education in Russia: Problems and Development Prospects

The training of personnel as a resource for transformations is associated with the effectiveness of state management decisions in the education sector; the use of both direct, legislative tools, and indirect ones that affect the development of human capital, such as motivation, individualization, increasing the stock of knowledge and professional experience during training. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of the state in the development of the system of secondary vocational education; with the identification of factors influencing the stages of its transformation. Methodology. The analysis of literature on the topic of research in the unity of logical and historical methods of cognition is used. Results. It is shown that in all historical periods the state regulation of the education system is significant. At present, the social mission of education has been strengthened; modern positive educational strategies have been developed to fill the labor market. Conclusion. It is determined that the formation of the education system, as a historically established system of personnel training, is associated with the unity and integrity of the general educational space of Russia, the uniqueness of the national educational system. The advantage of the Russian experience is the preservation of traditions and continuity of pedagogical experience, the continuous organization of natural science education, the methodological content of subjects. Initiatives for the further development of the system of secondary vocational education are connected with the political and economic foundations of the transformation. The need to preserve traditional Russian national values while preparing a specialist for a technocratic society seems to be the subject of further discussions.

Integration of the Educational Space of the School: Potential and Prospects for Development

The article deals with the problem of updating the educational strategy of the school by integrating additional education into the educational space of the school. The aim of the article is to substantiate the socio-pedagogical conditions of supplementary education integration into the educational space of the school. The research methodology is based on the system and network approaches. Evidence base served as the results of experimental work on approbation of the program “School of Cosmonautics” to integrate additional education in the educational space of the school, obtained through the methods of analysis, design, comparison, questioning, interviews, implementation of a system of measures, integrated in its content, comprehensive in types, forms and technologies of educational activities. Results of the study. The educational space of the school is considered as a pedagogically organized process, which on the basis of integration includes interested subjects of the educational environment, as well as the result of proactive activities of its internal and external elements, between which there are relations aimed at ensuring the implementation of the subjective position of the schoolchild. Within the integrative model of the educational space of the school there have been worked out educational programs in which individual components of activities could be combined with each other depending on the interests and abilities of students, school traditions, which allowed forming the content of all modules of the educational work program. The educational process was carried out in different environments and situations with the implementation of the principle of joint activities through the creation of socio-pedagogical conditions. As a result, the positive dynamics of the development of educational space, integrating and combining the potential of additional and general education, proved the presence of qualitative changes in the value orientations of schoolchildren. Conclusion. Experimental work has confirmed the effectiveness of additional education as an equal subject of integration processes in the educational space of the school to ensure the creative interaction of all subjects of educational space. The results of approbation of the program of integration of additional education in the educational space of the school confirmed its significance and reproducibility as an experience of expanding the possibilities of external and internal integration.

Online promotion of the media institution: principles and strategies. Case study: public company "Teleradio-Moldova"

We are witnessing a dominance of the digital that changes the behavior, approach and perception of the consumer/ user on the reality in which we live and the way we think and act. Thus, the pace of online emergence dictates the need to implement strategies and plans to emanate the capacities of viable interconnection between the real and the digital world, which participate in the formation of personal or institutional identities from the online structural optics. In context, the virtual phenomenon imposes presence and attitude, and these things also attract visibility and content effects. From this perspective, the given article comes to demonstrate how information architecture takes on new dimensions and you become a ,,digital resident” regardless of the status you have in the online area: whether you have the role of sender of messages or receiver of contents. The integration in the digital space of the media institution and ensuring dynamism and interactions with the user/consumer audience can be perpetuated by means of promotion strategies, which in turn maximize performance, the ability to incorporate the traditional channel to new media standards through innovation and competitiveness.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ДО 2035 ГОДА

Strategic planning for the development of the transport system is an important com- ponent of managing the integrity and connectivity of the economic space of the coun- try and its regions. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to analyze the problems and features of the implementation of the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federa- tion until 2030 with a forecast until 2035. During the analysis of the achievement of the targets of the Transport Strategy implemented until 2021, it was found that most of them have not been achieved. The main reasons for this were changes in external political and economic conditions, as well as insufficient funding. In the new edition of the strategy, the directions of development of transport systems were changed: emphasis was placed on trade with Asian countries, as well as on the development of interregional and external connectivity of the economic space. In the new edition of the strategy, the directions of development of transport systems were changed: em- phasis was placed on trade with Asian countries, as well as on the development of in- terregional and external connectivity of the country's economic space. The main risks of non-implementation of the strategy were highlighted: rising prices for construction materials; the introduction of financial and transport sanctions that restrict the devel- opment of transport in Russia; inconsistency of regulatory documents that are tools for implementing the goals of the Transport Strategy; the difficulty of attracting ex- tra-budgetary financing. The results of the work can be useful to researchers and ex- ecutive authorities that manage the transport system

Enhancing Public Health Through Sustainable Urban Design: An Examination of Transportation and Green Space Integration

Enhancing Public Health Through Sustainable Urban Design: An Examination of Transportation and Green Space Integration

The Construction of Foshan Consumption Center City from the Perspective of Cultural and Tourism Integration

Satisfying the rising need for upgraded consumption among residents is not only a vital aspect of consumption, and it also drives the development of cities. The integration of culture and tourism is an important starting point for the construction of consumption center cities. The role of the integration of culture, tourism, and commerce in the construction of consumer-oriented cities is studied in this paper. Foshan’s urban consumption environment and the challenges and problems faced in the construction of Foshan’s consumption center cities, the path of cultural and tourism integration of consumer resources, consumer space, and consumer environment and consumer brands are analyzed in this paper. Some suggestions on how to promote Foshan consumption center city by integrating culture and tourism are then put forward.

3D Focusing Inversion of Full Tensor Magnetic Gradiometry Data with Gramian Regularization

Full tensor magnetic gradiometry (FTMG) is becoming a practical method for exploration due to recent advancements in superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) technology. This paper introduces an efficient method of 3D modeling and inversion of FTMG data. The forward modeling uses single-point Gaussian integration with pulse basis functions to compute the volume integrals representing the second spatial derivatives of the magnetic potential. The inversion is aimed at recovering both the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization vectors. We have introduced a 3D regularized focusing inversion technique that utilizes Gramian regularization and a moving sensitivity domain approach. We have also developed a new method of magnetization vector decomposition into induced and remanent parts. The case study includes applying the developed inversion method and computer code to interpret a helicopter-borne FTMG survey carried out over the Thompson Nickel Belt. We have analyzed and separately inverted the observed FTMG and total magnetic intensity (TMI) data using the developed 3D inversion methods to obtain the subsurface susceptibility and magnetization vector models. Furthermore, we present a comparison of the inversions utilizing the FTMG data and the TMI data.

Highly active CRISPR-adaptation proteins revealed by a robust enrichment technology.

Natural prokaryotic defense via the CRISPR-Cas system requires spacer integration into the CRISPR array in a process called adaptation. To search for adaptation proteins with enhanced capabilities, we established a robust perpetual DNA packaging and transfer (PeDPaT) system that uses a strain of T7 phage to package plasmids and transfer them without killing the host, and then uses a different strain of T7 phage to repeat the cycle. We used PeDPaT to identify better adaptation proteins-Cas1 and Cas2-by enriching mutants that provide higher adaptation efficiency. We identified two mutant Cas1 proteins that show up to 10-fold enhanced adaptation in vivo. In vitro, one mutant has higher integration and DNA binding activities, and another has a higher disintegration activity compared to the wild-type Cas1. Lastly, we showed that their specificity for selecting a protospacer adjacent motif is decreased. The PeDPaT technology may be used for many robust screens requiring efficient and effortless DNA transduction.

Kernel free boundary integral method for 3D incompressible flow and linear elasticity equations on irregular domains

A second-order accurate kernel-free boundary integral method is presented for Stokes flow and linear elasticity boundary value problems on three-dimensional irregular domains. It solves equations in the framework of boundary integral equations, whose corresponding discrete forms are well-conditioned and solved by the GMRES method. A notable feature of this approach is that the boundary or volume integrals encountered in BIEs are indirectly evaluated by a Cartesian grid-based method, which includes discretizing corresponding simple interface problems with a MAC scheme, correcting discrete linear systems to reduce large local truncation errors near the interface, solving the modified system by a CG method together with an FFT-based Poisson solver. No extra work or special quadratures are required to deal with singular or hyper-singular boundary integrals and the dependence on the analytical expressions of Green’s functions for the integral kernels is completely eliminated. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the Cartesian grid-based method.

A novel energetic approach for predicting fatigue crack growth in pseudoelastic NiTi alloys

A novel strain energy-based method for analyzing fatigue crack growth (FCG) in pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) -based shape memory alloys (SMAs) is proposed. It uses the dissipated energy to predict the FCG. This parameter can be computed either by volume integration of near-crack-tip strain energy or by the force–displacement hysteresis measured at the loading pins of the sample. Eccentrically-loaded single Edge Crack tension samples (ESE(T)) were used for FCG tests. High resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was used to capture near-crack-tip displacement and strain fields. DIC data were also used to estimate the effective stress intensity range by regressing the William’s expansion series. Furthermore, a constitutive model for SMAs was used for FE simulations of ESE(T) samples, and the evolution of the dissipated energy during FCG tests was computed. Experimental FCG rate, plotted against the cyclic dissipated energy, are well fitted by a power law equation (R2 = 0.99). This result would open new perspectives to develop predictive models for FCG in SMAs considering intricate thermomechanical coupling mechanisms and material non-linearities.