Building Integration Research Articles

BUILDING CRITERIAS FOR ASSESSING OF BLENDED LEARNING AT UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM

Blended Learning is the integration of traditional face-to-face learning and distance learning (E-learning). Throughout Blended Learning, instructors will give some clear parts of instructions on a part of their lesson, students will do online work without the lecturers for the rest. Students are likely to become active and understand new concepts more easily than passively acquire knowledge in traditional classrooms. Higher education institutions have a large number of suitable characteristics to deploy Blended Learning, such as the understanding of learners in information and technology, high-quality professors, and easy access to technology. The characteristics of economic science subjects are sociality, advisable communication, reading documents, videos, multiple choices, and analysis question(s). Moreover, the features of majors in higher education are more highly appreciated with Blended learning. Blended Learning makes these majors more effective in learning and teaching. These days, although E-learning develops drastically, with some problems with the insight of Vietnam’s educational condition, reverse classes have proved the corresponding in building a great environment that helps this method to be dominant. This study comes up with building integration of evaluation teaching scale at higher education institutions in Vietnam, according to the example of Blended Learning, in response to the process of teaching. This scale with criterias about Blended learning set the targets to evaluate the effectiveness and the ability of far-reaching of this teaching method at higher education institutions in Vietnam. This scale is tested and checked for reliability to be applied in the next research.

Analisis Monitoring Emisi Sumber Tidak Bergerak di PT X di Provinsi DKI Jakarta

The relatively high increase in economic activity and urbanization occurs in urban areas which have great potential to increase energy consumption, including the need for fuel for electricity generation. Changes in air quality have many secondary impacts on the health of humans and other organisms, the beauty of the air, the integrity of buildings and others. The purpose of this air quality monitoring activity is to find out the state of air quality and trends that may occur, examine existing pollution patterns, study the effects of air pollution on the environment, understand the processes that occur in the affected system, to determine how appropriate management and control measures are taken. air pollution and checking whether pollution control is broken. This research method uses data collection techniques in the form of qualitative and quantitative methods. Where is the quantitative method, interviews, documents and statistical data analysis. Meanwhile, judging from the two data, it can be said that it is still under control because the value is still below the threshold determined based on the Regulation of the Minister of State for the Environment No. 21 of 2008 (Appendix IV B Emission Quality Standards for Stationary Sources for PLTD) Fuel Oil.

Research on the Boundary Space Design of Exhibition Building Based on Symbiosis and Sharing Concept

In recent years, China's exhibition industry has shown a stable and rapid development trend, the construction scale of exhibition venues continue to expand. In order to further improve the research on the integration and symbiosis of exhibition buildings and urban space, based on the concept of symbiosis and sharing of biology, this paper takes the boundary space of exhibition building as the research object, analyzes and discusses the general situation and design principles of the exhibition building boundary space, and elaborates and analyzes its design points from the macro, meso and micro levels, hoping to provide a useful reference for the follow-up research of exhibition buildings.

A high-throughput fluorescence immunoassay based on conformational locking strategy of MOFs to enhance AIE effect of CuNCs-CS for bisphenol S analysis in food samples

Dietary intake is an important exposure pathway of environmental bisphenols including bisphenol S (BPS, a typical emerging organic pollutant). However, available data on the occurrence and risk assessment of BPS in food samples are limited due to the lack of high-throughput analytical methods. Herein, based on H2O2 inducing fluorescence turn-off signals, a sensitive and high-throughput fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FELISA) was developed for BPS investigation in beverages. In this system, the fluorescence of copper nanoclusters in ZIF-8 (CuNCs-CS@ZIF-8) could be quenched with the presence of H2O2 owing to the strong oxidation, being served as signal amplification in FELISA. Meanwhile, the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence enhancement of CuNCs-CS through the conformational locking of ZIF-8 provided an effective strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of FELISA including high background, serious fluorescence quenching in the detection of real samples. Thus, the integration of AIE building blocks into porous ZIF-8 showed obvious advantages in enhancing the analytical performance of FELISA. Under optimized conditions, satisfactory results with good accuracy were achieved in this proposed FELISA, which was applied for the systematic investigation of BPS in foods and further health risk assessments. The results after 100 beverages analysis displayed an average detection frequency of 55%, and the detected concentration of BPS ranged from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 12.08 ng/mL with a mean value of 1.717 ng/mL. Besides, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of BPS was calculated to be 0.05449–4.483 ng/kg-bw/day, in which milk–tea drinks contributed to the majority of BPS daily intake (mean EDI = 4.483 ng/kg-bw/day). And the hazard quotient (HQ) according to EDI values indicated that BPS exposure in beverages might not make a considerable impact on human health.

Assessment of frost damage risk in a historic masonry wall due to climate change

Abstract. Historic masonry buildings are an integral part of human cultural heritage, and they need to be preserved for future generations. Brick is susceptible to frost damage which is common in regions with cold and humid climates. The frost damage on the masonry walls is accumulated over the years becoming more and more critical for the integrity of the historic buildings and it is also affected by climate change (CC). In the current research, the focus was placed on a coastal region in southern Norway with a significant number of historic masonry buildings. The frost damage risk of the masonry walls was assessed by using data from a climate reanalysis for the present conditions and from a climate model under past, present, and future conditions. Two climate-based (CB) indices accounting for the air temperature and one material response-based (MRB) index considering the temperature and moisture content inside a simulated masonry wall were used for the frost damage risk assessment. The inputs for the MRB index were calculated by heat, air, and moisture (HAM) transfer simulations. Within the HAM simulations, the indoor climate was in one case representative of an unconditioned building with air leakages and many openings, while in the second case it was representative of a small, conditioned room. The overall impact of CC was a decrease in the frost damage risk of the masonry walls. However, an increased frost damage risk was observed from the present to the future conditions according to the MRB index for the walls of small, conditioned rooms with higher driving rain load and lower solar radiation gains. The (i) number of freeze-thaw events, (ii) periods during which freeze-thaw events occur, and (iii) CC-related trends varied based on the considered index with the most explicit risk assessment being the MRB one. Moreover, the freeze-thaw events experienced by the masonry walls of unconditioned, leaky buildings were 20 times more than the ones for the small, conditioned rooms. Significant differences were observed between the results from the climate model and the climate reanalysis which were mainly linked to the underestimation of the air temperature and the overestimation of the precipitation by the climate model. The outputs of the MRB index were translated into certain damage categories while suggestions on improving the limitations of the current research were made.

The Impact of Tall Buildings within the Existing and Historical Urban Environment

The rapid growth of the world increased the demand of the tall buildings as a result of physical, social and economic needs. Tall Buildings with their great size and large impact on the existing urban environment and especially on the historical one became like a double-edged sword. They may be an active city element and become a landmark that has its own value, preserve and respect the built surrounding, or it will be a portion that disfigure the urban skyline of the city and become a visual deformation within its space. The most important point that should be considered while designing a tall building is the harmony between it and its built surrounding. Design considerations regarding physical integration of the tall building with the context around it must be handled with more care than any other conventional building. In order to minimize the damage on the historical urban heritage and the existing built environment maximizing the useful landscape provided by its footprint on the site should be aimed. This paper aims to evaluate the impacts regarding the integration of tall buildings within the existing and historical urban environment. A holistic approach clarifying this integration as a way of designing an efficient urban element also aimed to be discussed in this paper.

Alert-based wearable sensing system for individualized thermal preference prediction

Much evidence has shown that each individual has different needs, preferences, and expectations of the indoor thermal environment, which may cause potential excessive energy use. Incorporating an individualized comfort model is a new approach to characterizing individual thermal comfort and serves as a basis for a smart building paradigm. The major issue for such model development is related to the complexity of individual data collection and the ignorance of micro-environmental parameters. This paper intends to design, develop, and demonstrate an innovative alert-based occupant-responsive framework for capturing individualized thermal comfort-related data and predicting individualized thermal preference by leveraging wearable sensors and computing technologies. By applying a pre-defined alert algorithm to micro-environmental and individual physiological data, this sensing system can automatically capture pronounced data fluctuations. The data collection efficiency and effectiveness are enhanced with the alert algorithm compared with the scheduled surveys used in previous studies. The continuous participation of the researchers to disrupt the subjects for the surveys during the experiments is also avoided. The individual thermal preference prediction models achieved high overall accuracy, >94% with about 110 data points for subject A and 150 for B. Through the analysis of features' relative importance and their interactive effects, this work also shows the features’ characteristics and distinctions in predicting the thermal preferences of different individuals. This feature contribution analysis highlights the key influential parameters for an individual and may support the optimization potential of individualized comfort conditions and energy usage for building heating and cooling. The developed system also features the role of alerting functions in the automatic collection of subjective user data and facilitating smart building integration as well.

Client Responses to Video-Based Communication Skills Training Involving PrEP for HIV: Tailoring an Individual Sexual Health Intervention for Sexual Minority Men in Relationships.

For many partnered sexual minority men (SMM), PrEP decisions are shaped by their relationships. Recent innovations in HIV risk reduction interventions tailored for partnered SMM include the integration of video-based communication skill building. The purpose of the current study was to examine the responses of 37 SMM in relationships with cismale partners to understand how actual or anticipated conversations between partners may influence PrEP decision making. Results suggested an individual intervention has the ability to elicit detailed content about interactions between partners. When SMM anticipated being in agreement with their partner about PrEP, they described few challenges to discussing HIV prevention. In contrast, when SMM anticipated relationship-related concerns about PrEP, they also anticipated conversations with their partner would be challenging and likely to involve conflict. This often-diminished SMM's motivation to engage partners and develop shared HIV-prevention goals. These SMM may benefit from integrated communications skills building to overcome challenges and work collaboratively with partners around PrEP use.

Photovoltaic energy balance estimation based on the building integration level

The photovoltaic module building integration level affects the module temperature and, consequently, its output power. In this work, a methodology has been proposed to estimate the influence of the level of architectural photovoltaic integration on the photovoltaic energy balance with natural ventilation or with forced cooling systems. The developed methodology is applied for five photovoltaic module technologies (m-Si, p-Si, a-Si, CdTe, and CIGS) on four characteristic locations (Athens, Davos, Stockholm, and Würzburg). To this end, a photovoltaic module thermal radiation parameter, PVj, is introduced in the characterization of the PV module technology, rendering the correlations suitable for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications, with natural ventilation or with forced cooling systems. The results show that PVj has a significant influence on the energy balances, according to the architectural photovoltaic integration and climatic conditions.

Systematic investigation of effect of rotor solidity on vertical-axis wind turbines: Power performance and aerodynamics analysis

Small-scale vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are receiving growing interest for applications in urban areas. However, the unsatisfactory power performance, mainly induced by the complex blade aerodynamics, restricts their development. Optimizing the turbine geometry is expected to improve the blade aerodynamics. In the present study, the effect of rotor solidity on the power performance and aerodynamics of VAWTs is systematically investigated using high-fidelity improved delayed detached-eddy simulations. A wide range of rotor solidity from 0.12 to 0.6 is studied for VAWTs with different numbers of blades, i.e., two- and three-bladed VAWTs. Also, different rotor diameters (0.5 m–2 m), covering VAWTs from domestic to building integration, are compared to explore the scale effect. In addition, the Reynolds number effect induced by the change of turbine geometry is considered and its impact on the solidity effect is elucidated. The results show that a low to moderate rotor solidity (e.g., lower than 0.3) allows the VAWT to achieve appreciable peak power performance. When the inflow velocity is fixed, for a given relatively low rotor solidity (e.g., 0.12), the two-bladed design is expected to achieve higher peak turbine power, while the three-bladed design is more advantageous when the rotor solidity is relatively high (e.g., 0.36). For a given rotor solidity, VAWTs with smaller rotor diameters perform relatively better due to the diminished tip loss effect. The effects of number of blades and rotor diameter are strongly affected by the variation of the chord-based Reynolds number. This study would support the optimal design of urban VAWTs.

Safety assessment of ancient buddhist pagoda induced by underpass metro tunnel blasting vibration

In the blasting excavation project of the subway tunnel in the urban area, ensuring the safety of the surface buildings (structures) above the crossing area is the key concern. This paper is based on the blasting project of the ancient pagoda (Shengxiang Pagoda) under the tunnel between Pengliuyang Road Station and Simenkou Station of Wuhan Metro Line 5. To protect the integrity of the ancient buildings, this paper mainly adopts the numerical simulation method to analyze the dynamic response characteristics of the tower above the subway and realizes the safety assessment of the tower based on the maximum principal stress and vibration velocity control. The results show that the maximum error rate between the measured data and the numerical simulation results is only 11.9 %, which verifies the reliability of the numerical model and parameters. In the process of blasting vibration propagation, the vibration velocity of the tower body is affected by the whiplash effect and the elevation amplification effect. The vibration velocity of the tower bottom is 0.29 cm / s, and the vibration velocity of the tower tip reaches 4.29 cm / s. The vibration velocity of the upper part of the tower is much larger than that of the lower part. The stress distribution of the tower body is accompanied by stress concentration, with the maximum reaching 0.0442 MPa and the minimum only 0.014 MPa. The safety assessment of the ancient pagoda from the aspects of structural strength and vibration velocity can determine that the structure is safe under this condition. The research results are of great significance to the analysis of dynamic response characteristics and safety evaluation of ancient buildings under blasting load in urban complex environments.

The Arabic language and the Impact of the Holy Qur’an on Its Prosperity and Preservation

This research attempts to look at the emergence of the Arabic language through the stages of work until its completion in terms of its linguistic systems and structures, and then the levels of communication with the recipient are interconnected, and the relationship of this emergence and integration in buildings with the revelation of the Holy Qur'an to present this blessed divine text to the parquet as a whole that is a linguistic model for it. Until the challenged the Arabs, who are the people of the language, and then a witness and evidence of the greatness of the Arabic language and its high status among the languages of the world. The status of the Holy Qur'an among Arabs and other nations has had a great impact on their great care for this language and their eagerness to serve it. Semitic for linguistic and grammatical studies throughout the ages, the scholar of Islam presented the best literary and scientific products in a sound Arabic language, based on their strong love for this language, and their great concern that these monuments remain immortal in the language of the Holy Qur'an.

Dopant engineering for ZnO electron transport layer towards efficient perovskite solar cells.

The conventional electron transport layer (ETL) TiO2 has been widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have produced exceptional power conversion efficiencies (PCE), allowing the technology to be highly regarded and propitious. Nevertheless, the recent high demand for energy harvesters in wearable electronics, aerospace, and building integration has led to the need for flexible solar cells. However, the conventional TiO2 ETL layer is less preferred, where a crystallization process at a temperature as high as 450 °C is required, which degrades the plastic substrate. Zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) as a simple and low-cost fabrication material may fulfil the need as an ETL, but they still suffer from low PCE due to atomic defect vacancy. To delve into the issue, several dopants have been reviewed as an additive to passivate or substitute the Zn2+ vacancies, thus enhancing the charge transport mechanism. This work thereby unravels and provides a clear insight into dopant engineering in ZnO NRs ETL for PSC.

Lime-based nanocomposites for masonry restoration: Towards the implementation of small-scale restoration

The structural integrity of historic and traditional buildings can be affected by natural weathering and incompatible restoration interventions. Traditionally, lime binders have been used extensively for restoration applications, while the incorporation of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in such a binder, enhances the restoration material with increased mechanical as well as with self-sensing properties due to its piezoresistive characteristics. The focal point of the present investigation was the examination of the electrical, mechanical, and piezoresistive properties of a composite nano-reinforced lime-based mortar paste under different geometrical sizes (scale-up tests). Firstly, prismatic specimens of two different sizes, composed of the proposed nano-reinforced lime-based mortar were subjected to testing and compared against reference prismatic prisms of traditional non-reinforced lime-based mortar with a similar composition. The results showed a 24 % increase in the compressive strength and a 37.5 % decrease in the electrical resistance. Secondly, electrical resistance measurements were carried out on a small-scaled masonry specimen built with the MWCNTs reinforced lime-based mortar, to determine potential structure inhomogeneity effects. The tests revealed approximately 50 % electrical resistance decrease in comparison to the non-reinforced reference prismatic specimens. Lastly, the composite restoration material was applied at an actual masonry restoration project at the public library “Korais” of Chios Island, Greece, with the aim to monitor the composite material’s electrical resistance under real conditions.

Ensuring the projects’ environmental safety based on a risk-based approach

The modern construction pay attention to fundamentally new requirements, the quality of products and service and improve the quality management system of green building and environmental safety facilities. The integration of new energy efficient technologies and energy efficient buildings is one of the priority options in the development of modern cities. The article use the methods of comparative analysis of the various international standards of green buildings and eco-certification of greening systems were applied, based on a risk-based approach. Risks are calculated using complex methods. The assessment of green building sustainability was considered as is a key factor of reducing technogenic risks and be the guarantee that the green building is environmentally friendly. The analysis showed the main regulatory and technical documents used in the construction of buildings with the use of greening systems, considered the basic safety requirements when working at height, and also evaluated the application of standards in the field of environmental certification of materials of new technologies used, developed by authors.The ecological certificate allows to increase the competitiveness of products in the market, which is economically beneficial.The principles of green building are aimed at creating a healthy and comfortable environment due to a large amount of daylight and fresh air.

Analysis of progressive collapse of building using ETABS

Increasing seismicity and a proportionate rise in the construction of tall buildings have increased the relevance of progressive collapse analysis for building structures. This paper aims to compare the Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) values of two buildings, which were modelled according to the guidelines of IS 1893 (part 1) - 2016 and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA), using linear static analysis. The analysis was conducted using ETABS software, following the guidelines of IS:456–2000 and IS:1893 (part 1) - 2016, with DCR serving as an indicative parameter. The failure of the corner column and the peripheral column were examined. The DCR values of adjacent columns and beams were calculated to check their failure and analyse the collapse. Among the two models analysed, it was observed that the model designed according to the guidelines of IS 1893 (part 1) - 2016 exhibited a lower DCR value, suggesting a higher level of resistance to progressive collapse and a greater margin of safety. The insights gained from this study can contribute to the development of more resilient and robust design practices, ultimately ensuring the safety and structural integrity of buildings during extreme events.

Translucent perovskite photovoltaics for building integration

This work presents the scalable fabrication of micro-patterned translucent perovskite single-junction and tandem PV with optical quality suited for BIPV and introduces the novel concept of transmittance gradients for architectural individualization.

Decoupling Semantic and Edge Representations for Building Footprint Extraction From Remote Sensing Images

Very high-resolution (VHR) earth observation systems provide an ideal data source for man-made structure detection such as building footprint extraction. Manually delineating building footprints from the remotely sensed VHR images, however, is laborious and time-intensive; thus, automation is needed in the building extraction process to increase productivity. Recently, many researchers have focused on developing building extraction algorithms based on the encoder-decoder architecture of convolutional neural networks. However, we observe that this widely adopted architecture cannot well preserve the precise boundaries and integrity of the extracted buildings. Moreover, features obtained by shallow convolutional layers contain irrelevant background noises that degrade building feature representations. This paper addresses these problems by presenting a feature decoupling network (FD-Net) that exploits two essential building information from the input image, including semantic information that concerns building integrity and edge information that improves building boundaries. The proposed FD-Net improves the existing encoder-decoder framework by decoupling image features into the edge subspace and the semantic subspace; the decoupled features are then integrated by a supervision-guided fusion process considering the heterogeneity between edge and semantic features. Furthermore, a lightweight and effective global context attention module is introduced to capture contextual building information and thus enhance feature representations. Comprehensive experimental results on three real-world datasets confirm the effectiveness of FD-Net in large-scale building mapping. We applied the proposed method to various encoder-decoder variants to verify the generalizability of the proposed framework. Experimental results show remarkable accuracy improvements with less computational cost.

Design, fabrication and preliminary testing of plasmonic luminescent solar concentrator devices

This paper details the design process, fabrication, optimisation and early-stage performance testing of Luminescent and Plasmonic Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC & PLSC) devices. A PLSC is a novel approach to solar concentrator technologies that utilizes the principles of luminescence and plasmonics to enhance the devices' solar energy conversion efficiency. This research analyses various mould dimensions, materials and lightguide fabrication methodologies to ensure equivalent LSC/PLSC devices were created in a reproducible method. The optimisation was an iterative process throughout the production and testing stages after which a 100 × 100 × 5 mm PLSC was identified as the optimal for a rooftop installation. To ensure consistency in production as well as assessing the practicality of PLSC installations for building integration, performance testing has been conducted in both indoor and outdoor environments. Additionally, the lifespan of the devices are currently being investigated through ongoing performance evaluations. The incorporation of a reflective backplate has resulted in device efficiency improvements between 14–18% during indoor tests and was consequently included for all devices during outdoor performance analysis. Power conversion efficiencies of 2.3% and 1.7% have been recorded in sub-optimal conditions as well as concentration ratios of 11 and 9 for the PLSC and LSC devices respectively.

Design and assessment of building integrated PV (BIPV) system towards net zero energy building for tropical climate

Recent increment trend of renewable energy generation demand has revolutionised on how modern civilisation harnessing energy from renewable source especially the solar energy. According to IRENA, about 53% increase of solar energy installed capacity had been reported from year 2017 to 2021. This trend is expected to be doubles as revised Energy Efficient Directive (EU) is committed to add renewable share from 17% from 2015 to 34% in 2030. Among the effort to achieve the target highlighted by International Energy Agency (IEA) in their Net Zero by 2050 Roadmap is to develop or improved energy management on existing and new building to meet net zero energy building. One of the emerging and fast-growing solution is implementing Building Integration Photovoltaic (BIPV) as it offered not only clean electricity generation but also seamless integration aspect to the building envelope. However, due to a limitation factor such as insufficient BIPV infrastructure which dominantly base in European countries. This scenario limits the technology progress especially in Asian countries. Although attractive benefit shown by BIPV system, it is still having a crucial limitation on the visual and aesthetic appearance which considered as “unattractive” to the building appearance by viewers. Thus, there will be quite an issue to implement BIPV on architectural sensitive building such as historic and iconic building. In order to solve this issue, a pilot study of coloured BIPV system performance is conducted on an iconic building in tropical climate region which is Daya Bumi Building, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The method adopted is based on cross-platform between 3D modelling simulation in Building Information Modelling (BIM) software and detail solar analysis (PVsyst) to obtain accurate analysis results. Varies of coloured PV modules are assess and compared to obtain the optimum BIPV system configuration. The proposed BIPV system is able to produce energy of 679.72 MW annually with carbon saving of 10367.66 tCO2/year of CO2 emission. The coloured BIPV application are expected to camouflage the PV panel appearance on the building which could preserve the original architectural aesthetic. This research promotes conscious of BIPV as a crucial innovative solution in implementing PV panel on building without sacrificing the architectural aesthetic value. Furthermore, BIPV system design using BIM software can be replicate to provide seamless work transition between building architecture, structural engineering, renewable energy engineering and building operations. This is in line with Malaysian 10-10MySTIE Framework effort to transform into a knowledge-intensive and innovation driven economy which include production, management and distribution of energy from renewable energy sources.