Integration Difficulties Research Articles

The alcohol lock built on carbon-based field-effect transistor sensor with Pd/ZnO floating gate structure used for drunk driving surveillance

The ignition interlock device, an onboard alcohol detection system for supervising cases of driving under the influence (DUI), is crucial for ensuring traffic safety. As a key component of this system, ethanol sensor faces challenges like integration difficulties and poor anti-humidity property, limiting its potential applications. Herein, from the perspective of miniaturization and integration, a carbon-based field effect transistor (FET) gas sensor with a floating-gate (FG) structure is proposed for fast ethanol detection in exhaled breath. The proposed sensing FG structure enables the traditional FET to acquire the perceptibility toward target gas, and the FET with excellent amplification ability further enhances the gas-sensing response. The detection range of the sensor is 0–600 ppm, with a response deviation of merely 11 % toward 50 ppm ethanol within a humidity range of 10 %-90 % relative humidity (RH). Additionally, benefited from the good consistency of the semiconductor technology, relative standard deviation (RSD) of the responses from different batches is 2.1 %, confirming its potential for mass production. The tiny size (1.5 mm×1.5 mm) of the sensor and the compatible fabrication process with MEMS process are conducive to the on-chip integration. This work provides a boost to the process of advancing the research and development of automotive alcohol locks, and facilitate their popularization.

Construct validity of the sensory integration infant routines questionnaire (SIIRQ)

ABSTRACT The Sensory Integration Infant Routines Questionnaire (SIIRQ) is designed to identify sensory integration difficulties through observation of participation in infant co-occupations. Identifying sensory integration and participation issues at an early age is of utmost importance given that these difficulties can affect many areas in the child’s life and consequently, the family’s dynamics and routines. This study examined the construct validity of the SIIRQ using hypothesis testing to differentiate between typically developing children (n = 1219) and children with identified sensory integration issues (n = 75). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant in the various subscales, with the exception of the Diaper Changing/Sphincter Control subscale. Results support using the SIIRQ to identify sensory integration difficulties by questioning caregivers about daily activities inherent to the routine of the child and family. We hope that the SIIRQ can be used by health and education professionals who deal with children on a daily basis to enable referral for a comprehensive and detailed evaluation of sensory integration and participation challenges.

ESG INTEGRATION IN FINANCIAL SECTORS: A CASE OF SUSTAINABILITY INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

Purpose: The integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in the financial sector, aiming to comprehend the present tactics, evaluating the efficiency of sustainability investment, and recognizing the challenges and opportunities that financial firms face while implementing ESG criteria. Design/Methodology/Approach: A semi-systematic review methodology, looking at secondary data from a variety of released papers and articles collected through platforms such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Shodh Ganga, and Springer. This method provides an in-depth analysis of trends and difficulties in ESG integration in the financial sector. Findings: The financial institution under consideration has greatly improved its business image and trademark value by implementing ESG standards. Integrating ESG principles has helped to manage risks, improve long-term financial viability, and meet the demands of regulators. However, the organization faces obstacles such as data quality issues, the credibility of ESG claims, and the need to combine short-term financial goals with long-term sustainability objectives. The case study emphasizes the potential for new financial products, as well as the importance of strong regulatory frameworks to facilitate ESG integration. Practical Implications: The results suggest that uniform reporting standards and complete ESG compliance procedures are essential for successful ESG integration. The financial institution should integrate ESG into its essential business strategies to improve productivity and stakeholder trust. Also, regulatory settings must promote innovation and standardization of ESG practices, as well as raise market knowledge and educate consumers about the financial ramifications of these principles. Originality/Value: This work provides a thorough examination of the current level of ESG integration in the financial sector, emphasizing both the benefits and problems. It makes practical ideas for enhancing ESG practices and emphasizes the need for more study to better understand the long-term effects of ESG on financial success. Paper Type: Case study KEYWORDS: ESG Integration, Sustainability Investment Performance, Sustainability in Finance

The strategy of special education for the disabled child in Algeria between the challenges of caring and the difficulties of communication and integration

Many countries and societies’ special education strategies are applied through numerous strategic curricula and mechanisms to make several adjustments to the educational means and methods, thus targeting people and individuals who are unable to keep up with normal education requirements and strategies.

Neural semantic effects of tone accents.

This study investigated whether the brain utilizes morphologically induced tones for semantic processing during online speech perception. An auditory comprehension task was conducted while measuring event-related potentials (ERPs). The study tested whether a discrepancy between contextual expectations and the tonal realizations of the target word would yield an N400 effect, indicative of semantic processing difficulty. An N400 effect was observed, reflecting integration difficulty due to semantic anomalies caused by incongruent tones. Additionally, the ERPs in the congruent conditions were modulated by the cohort entropy of the target word indicating lexical competition. The late negativity observed in this study encompasses both the N400 and preactivation negativity. This overlap underscores the brain's potential for rapidly connecting form and meaning from different sources within the word, relying on statistically based prediction in semantic processing.

Advances in the Clinical Application of High-throughput Proteomics.

High-throughput proteomics has become an exciting field and a potential frontier of modern medicine since the early 2000s. While significant progress has been made in the technical aspects of the field, translating proteomics to clinical applications has been challenging. This review summarizes recent advances in clinical applications of high-throughput proteomics and discusses the associated challenges, advantages, and future directions. We focus on research progress and clinical applications of high-throughput proteomics in breast cancer, bladder cancer, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and coronavirus disease 2019. The future application of high-throughput proteomics will face challenges such as varying protein properties, limitations of statistical modeling, technical and logistical difficulties in data deposition, integration, and harmonization, as well as regulatory requirements for clinical validation and considerations. However, there are several noteworthy advantages of high-throughput proteomics, including the identification of novel global protein networks, the discovery of new proteins, and the synergistic incorporation with other omic data. We look forward to participating in and embracing future advances in high-throughput proteomics, such as proteomics-based single-cell biology and its clinical applications, individualized proteomics, pathology informatics, digital pathology, and deep learning models for high-throughput proteomics. Several new proteomic technologies are noteworthy, including data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, nanopore-based proteomics, 4-D proteomics, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. In summary, we believe high-throughput proteomics will drastically shift the paradigm of translational research, clinical practice, and public health in the near future.

National identity in Italian westerns and post-westerns

Since Schatz defined the western genre as America’s foundation ritual, several film critics have emphasized the role of the western as a foundational fiction. Interestingly enough, just like American westerns deal with American identity and its foundational myth, one can find westerns and post-westerns made in other countries that are also concerned with these countries’ national identities. This article analyses how spaghetti westerns set in the United States deal metaphorically with Italian identity and foundational myths, and how post-western films set in Italy approach similar topics more directly. The article considers several films, by directors like Pietro Germi, Sergio Sollima, Florestano Vancini or Pasquale Squitieri, from the perspective of transnational post-westerns in order to scrutinize the way they deal with the difficulties of integration of the North and the South of Italy and present different perspectives on the Italian foundational myth of Risorgimento.

Innovations in Hybrid Laparoscopic Surgery: Integrating Advanced Technologies for Multidisciplinary Cases.

Combining conventional laparoscopic techniques with cutting-edge technologies, such as robotics, improved imaging, and flexible equipment, hybrid laparoscopic techniques represent a revolutionary advancement in minimally invasive surgery. These methods have several benefits, such as increased accuracy, quicker healing periods, and fewer complications, which makes them especially useful in complicated multidisciplinary situations. The historical evolution, uses, benefits, and drawbacks of hybrid laparoscopic procedures are examined in this narrative review, which also covers urological, gastrointestinal, cardiothoracic, and gynecological surgery. The review focuses on how these methods promote interdisciplinary cooperation and creativity by enabling more accurate and successful surgical operations. It also discusses the equipment needs, integration difficulties, and technical difficulties that need to be resolved to reach the full potential of hybrid laparoscopic surgery. For hybrid laparoscopic procedures to become more widely used and effective in the future, there is a need for specialized training programs, interdisciplinary research collaborations, and ongoing technological advancements.

Real-time underwater wireless optical communication and positioning an integrated system based on angular diversity SiPMs.

Underwater communication and positioning are essential for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) docking and formation. The traditional methods for communication and positioning are mainly independent from each other, increasing the redundancy and integration difficulty for AUVs. In this Letter, we demonstrate a real-time underwater wireless optical communication and positioning (UWOCP) integrated system. The LED array is adopted as a light source, and the pulse-position modulation (PPM) is used for a maximum transmission and sensing distance. By employing the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array, which consists of five SiPMs with different angles, the high sensitivity and ability to distinguish angles are obtained. Through calculating the relationship between the received pulse signal intensity of the five SiPMs, the pitch angle and yaw angle can be obtained. The experimental results in the pool show that the Ethernet bandwidth of 2.2 Mbps with an average angular error of 3.08° for one-dimensional positioning can be realized at a 50 m distance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest distance at which a real-time UWOCP system has been demonstrated. The proposed UWOCP system has the advantages of high sensitivity, computing efficiency, and compact structure, presenting great potential for underwater applications.

3D Nanoprinting of Heterogeneous Metal Oxides with High Shape Fidelity.

3D nanoprinting can significantly enhance the performance of sensors, batteries, optoelectronic/microelectronic devices, etc. However, current 3D nanoprinting methods for metal oxides are suffering from three key issues including limited material applicability, serious shape distortion, and the difficulty of heterogeneous integration. This paper discovers a mechanism in which imidazole and acrylic acid synergistically coordinate with metal ions in water. Using the mechanism, this work develops a series of metal ion synergistic coordination water-soluble (MISCWS) resins for 3D nanoprinting of various metal oxides, including MnO2, Cr2O3, Co3O4, and ZnO, as well as heterogeneous structures of MnO2/NiO, Cr2O3/Al2O3, and ZnO/MgO. Besides, the synergistic coordination effect results in a 2.54-fold increase in inorganic mass fraction within the polymer, compared with previous works, which effectively mitigates the shape distortion of metal oxide microstructures. Based on this method, this work also demonstrates a 3D ZnO microsensor with a high sensitivity (1.113 million at 200ppm NO2), surpassing the conventional 2D ZnO sensors by tenfold. The method yields high-fidelity 3D structures of heterogeneous metal oxides with nanoscale resolution, paving the way for applications such as sensing, micro-optics, energy storage, and microsystems.

High-precision polarization imaging for three-dimensional reconstruction aided by a separate coarse depth map

For less-texture objects with highly reflective regions, traditional vision-based three-dimensional reconstruction techniques often fail to yield ideal results. Utilizing polarization information for reconstructing such objects is a convenient and effective method. However, relying solely on polarization information for three-dimensional reconstruction presents challenges such as ambiguity in surface normals and difficulties in normal integration. In this paper, we propose to resolve the ambiguity in polarization normals using the coarse depth as prior information under a perspective projection model. By fusing the disambiguated normal with the coarse depth, we avoid the need for normal integration. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm improves the quality of polarization imaging, effectively restoring the details lost in the coarse depth and smoothing the areas with high reflectivity.

Correction of Constricted Ear – Case Report

Introduction. Congenital deformities of the outer ear are common; reported incidence are from 1:6000 to 1:6830 newborns. Multitude of corrective procedures are described in the literature. Purpose of the case study. The adequate surgical treatment of the congenital constricted ear remains a challenge. Selected tailor made approach should be employed on case by case basis, thus, in this study we present our case of moderate constricted ear and the used surgical procedures done under general anesthesia, as well as the outcome of the treatment. Case report. A 6 year old girl presented in pediatric and plastic surgery department with complaint of right ear deformity from birth and additional psychological effects such as increased difficulty in social integration and lack of self- confidence. On clinical examination, we considered as constricted ear grade IIB by Tanzel. Two separate procedures under general anesthesia were done. In the first procedure, advancement of the helix and otoplasty was performed; an effective expansion, of about 1 cm in the length of the pinna was obtained. In the second procedure, about 0.5 cm expansion of the helix was performed, and also the breadth of the pinna. Conclusion. In our case, combination of Mustardé suture, helix advancement and helix cartilage graft in moderate constricted ear were a useful surgical option, producing aesthetically good results in a simple and effective way.

A Comprehensive Survey on ServiceNow for IT Service Management

This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the utilization of ServiceNow in IT Service Management (ITSM), fo- cusing on its adoption, benefits, challenges, and future directions. The study employs a systematic literature review and industry reports to analyze the impact of ServiceNow on ITSM practices across various sectors. Key findings reveal that ServiceNow sig- nificantly enhances ITSM processes through automation, stream- lining workflows, and improving service delivery. The survey also identifies common challenges in implementing ServiceNow, such as resistance to change and integration difficulties with legacy systems, and proposes strategies for overcoming these obstacles. Furthermore, the paper explores emerging trends in ITSM, including the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), and discusses how ServiceNow is positioned to leverage these technologies for future growth. The study concludes by emphasizing the critical role of ServiceNow in facilitating digital transformation and enhancing organizational efficiency in ITSM. Keywords —ITSM, ServiceNow, ITIL, Cloud Computing, Dig- ital Transformation, IT Operations Management.

Key parameters and major components in wearable electronics

The revolutionary influence of wearable electronics on health monitoring is highlighted in this research. It explores the critical dimensions and components of wearable electronics. It investigates how sensors may be integrated for noninvasive techniques like sweat analysis to analyze biochemical indicators like glucose and electrolyte levels and vital signs in real-time. The research emphasizes how crucial it is to consider user comfort, data security, device sensitivity, and stability while creating wearable health monitoring. It concludes with the promise of these devices to support large-scale health research and individualized health management. It also addresses the difficulties in sensor integration, data accuracy, and power management.

Research on the Path of Financial Accounting Transformation to Management Accounting in the Big Data Era

This paper explores the significance, existing problems, and strategies for addressing the transformation of financial accounting to management accounting in the era of big data. It first elucidates the importance of the transformation, including enhancing decision support, conducting cost-benefit analysis, and improving performance. Subsequently, it analyzes the problems encountered during the transformation process, such as lack of skills and knowledge, low utilization of data resources, and difficulties in system integration. It then proposes countermeasures to address these issues, including technological capacity building, talent training and recruitment, system integration coordination, and enhancement of management accounting decision analysis capabilities. Finally, it points out that as technology and market environments evolve, this transformation will continue to deepen, necessitating continuous skill enhancement for professionals in the financial accounting field and proactive adaptation by enterprises to enhance competitiveness.

Fully optically controlled Li-ion-mediated artificial vision reflection arc system

Artificial vision systems have been extensively reported for processing unstructured data, performing pattern recognition, and performing visual simulations. Photonic synapses have become the core of most artificial vision systems due to their advantages such as low energy consumption and ultra-fast signal transmission. However, their integration is difficult, the integration difficulty of photon synapses is higher than that of crossbar arrays. Moreover, due to the hybrid drive of light and external power supply, low energy consumption and weight update under full optical control cannot be achieved. Here, we designed a fully light-controlled multifunctional artificial vision reflex arc system. The solar cell and oscillator generate presynaptic voltage signals that are then transmitted to a lithium-ion-based memristor for the stimulation of different wavelengths and light intensities. The results show that our artificial vision system can distinguish wavelength and light intensity information and has good weight update symmetry and repeatability. Finally, the deformation experiment of the shape memory alloy demonstrated that the system can be used for controlling artificial muscles under different light signals.

Ethnic closure and immigrant residential segregation in Spanish working-class neighbourhoods

Given the difficulties of integration of the immigrant population and the demographic importance that this population is set to have in European society, this research uses an initial territorial approach and a subsequent qualitative analysis to study the internal residential dynamics of immigrants in five Spanish working-class neighbourhoods with a significant presence of foreign-born people. The analysis focuses on the role that ethnic prejudice and other factors, such as social class, play in the processes of initiation and maintenance of residential segregation of the immigrant population. Our results show a residential division characterised by advantages for the native population and, especially, by the acceptance of inequality by the immigrant population, which may be contributing to the fact that levels of ethnic prejudice from the native population are, so far, not very high in these neighbourhoods.

Advances in Research and Technology of Hydrothermal Carbonization: Achievements and Future Directions

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a pivotal technology in the battle against climate change and fosters circular economies. Operating within a unique reaction environment characterized by water as a solvent and moderate temperatures at self-generated pressures, HTC efficiently converts biomass residues into valuable bio-based products. Despite HTC’s potential—from the management of challenging biomass wastes to the synthesis of advanced carbons and the implementation of biorefineries—it encounters hurdles transitioning from academic exploration to industrial implementation. Gaps persist, from a general comprehension of reaction intricacies to the difficulty of large-scale integration with wastewater treatments, to the management of process water, to the absence of standardized assessment techniques for HTC products. Addressing these challenges demands collaboration to bridge the many scientific sectors touched by HTC. Thus, this article reviews the current state of some hot topics considered crucial for HTC development: It emphasizes the role of HTC as a cornerstone for waste management and biorefineries, highlighting potentialities and challenges for its development. In particular, it surveys fundamental research aspects, delving into reaction pathways, predictive models, analytical techniques, and HTC modifications while exploring HTC’s crucial technological applications and challenges, with a peculiar focus on combined HTC, wastewater integration, and plant energy efficiency.

Chemical crosslinking porous polymers prepared by thiol-ene click reaction with two-sided MXene layers for highly efficient infrared stealth

As the capabilities of infrared detection advance, materials with a single working modes are no longer sufficient for the effect. Designing a multi-module cooperative infrared stealth composite material has become particularly important. However, materials with multiple working modules face challenges such as long procession and difficulty in integration. Therefore, we employed thiol-ene click reaction to prepare porous polymers as thermal insulation substrates, incorporated phase change microcapsules for heat absorption and temperature delay, and loaded two MXene layers at the top and bottom are low emissivity for infrared stealth and radiative heating, respectively. This sandwich-structured composite material exhibits a minimum infrared emissivity of 0.289 (3–5 μm) and 0.212 (8–14 μm), showing excellent camouflage capability for infrared thermal signals under an infrared camera, generating a temperature difference of about 61 °C with the hot target at 100 °C. Additionally, the bottom MXene layer used for radiative heating can raise the temperature of artificial skin by 2.5 °C. Furthermore, the as-prepared M28PP0.36M6 also demonstrates superior mechanical properties (300 kPa, 50 %). We believe that, due to the synergistic effects of temperature control and low emissivity, combined with advantages of facile preparation, it will become a promising candidate in the field of infrared stealth.

An Empirical Study of Cultivating Innovative Practice Abilities in an Interdisciplinary Education Environment in Australia

Interdisciplinary education is increasingly recognized for its potential to cultivate innovative practice abilities essential for addressing complex, real-world challenges. This empirical study investigates the impact of interdisciplinary education on the development of innovative skills among students in Australian higher education institutions. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from interviews, focus groups, and case studies. The findings reveal that interdisciplinary education significantly enhances skills such as creative problem-solving, collaboration, critical thinking, and adaptability. Institutional support, effective teaching methods, and high levels of student engagement are identified as critical factors influencing the success of interdisciplinary programs. Despite the benefits, challenges such as institutional resistance, curriculum integration difficulties, and resource constraints are highlighted. The study’s implications for educators, administrators, and policymakers include the need for increased investment in interdisciplinary resources, adoption of active learning strategies, and fostering industry partnerships. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge on interdisciplinary education and provide actionable recommendations to enhance its effectiveness in cultivating innovative practices.