Integrating Support Vector Machine Research Articles

Hybrid Machine Learning Approaches for 5G Traffic Prediction

ABSTRACT Accurate traffic prediction poses great difficulties because of the continuously increasing scale and diversity of 5G network traffic, which is driven by user demands. Moreover, certain characteristics of 5G traffic are constantly changing; thus, simulations using traditional models often lead to incorrect estimations or inefficient utilization of available resources. Consequently, we propose a hybrid machine learning model that integrates support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree algorithms to enhance efficiency of 5G traffic prediction. The structure of the hybrid model dynamically adjusts by adding or removing hidden layers and units within the network to improve prediction performance. The efficacy of the proposed model is evaluated using metrics like mean squared error, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error (RMSE). Findings show that the hybrid model consistently achieves lower error rates than SVM alone. Further performance enhancement of the hybrid model in predicting 5G traffic is also supported by comparisons of R-squared values against signal-to-noise ratios. These outcomes show the potential of the proposed method to improve traffic prediction accuracy in 5G networks, serving as a powerful tool for network control.

An integrated approach of support vector machine (SVM) and weight of evidence (WOE) techniques to map groundwater potential and assess water quality

This study addresses the critical need for effective groundwater (GW) management in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan, amidst challenges posed by rapid urbanization and population growth. By integrating Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Weight of Evidence (WOE) techniques, this study aimed to delineate GW potential zones and assess water quality. This study fills the gap in applying advanced machine learning and geostatistical methods for accurate GW potential mapping. Eight thematic layers based on topography, hydrology, geology, and ecology were utilized to compute the GW potential model. Additionally, water quality analysis was performed on collected samples. The findings indicate that flat and gently sloping terrains, areas with an elevation range of 611 –687 m, and concave slope geometries are associated with higher GW potential. Additionally, proximity to drainage and high-density lineament zones contribute to increased GW potential. The results showed that 31.1% of the area had excellent GW potential according to the WOE model, whereas the SVM model indicated that only 20.3% fell in the excellent potential zone. Results showed that both models performed well in the delineating GW potential zones. Nevertheless, the application of the SVM method is highly recommended which will be benefited in GW resources management related to urban planning. The study also evaluates the spatial distribution of GW quality, with a focus on physical and chemical parameters, including electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, and sulphate. Bacterial contamination assessment reveals that 76% of spring water samples (30 out of 39 samples) are contaminated with E.coli, raising public health concerns. Based on the chemical analysis of GW samples the study identified exceedances of WHO guidelines for calcium in two samples, magnesium in seven samples, sulphate in ten samples, and nitrate levels were below the WHO guideline across all samples. These results highlight localized chemical contamination issues that require targeted remediation efforts to safeguard water quality for public health.

Enhancing Education and Teaching Management Through Data Mining and Support Vector Machine Algorithm

This study investigates the effectiveness of the SVM+TLBO approach for predicting student performance and evaluating learning abilities in educational settings. By integrating Support Vector Machines (SVM) with Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), the research aims to enhance predictive accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods, including Decision Trees, Ant Colony Algorithms, Clustering Algorithms, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine (SVM) without Optimization. Results indicate that the SVM+TLBO model significantly outperforms these methods, providing robust predictions and valuable insights into student learning patterns. The findings underscore the importance of data-informed decision-making in education, enabling educators to identify at-risk students and tailor instructional strategies effectively. This research contributes to the growing field of educational data mining, highlighting the potential of advanced machine learning techniques to optimize educational outcomes and foster personalized learning experiences.

Near-infrared spectroscopy combined with support vector machine for the identification of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) adulteration using wavelength selection algorithms

The frequent occurrence of adulterating Tartary buckwheat powder with crop flours in the market necessitates an urgent need for a simple analysis method to ensure the quality of Tartary buckwheat. This study employed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the collection of spectral data from Tartary buckwheat samples adulterated with whole wheat, oat, soybean, barley, and sorghum flours. The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and successive projection algorithm (SPA) were deployed to identify informative wavelengths. By integrating support vector machine (SVM) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), we constructed qualitative models to discern Tartary buckwheat adulteration. The PLS-DA model exhibited prediction accuracies between 89.78 % and 94.22 %, while the mean-centering (MC)-PLS-DA model showcased impressive predictive accuracy of 93.33 %. Notably, the feature-based Autoscales-CARS-CV-SVM model achieved more excellent identification accuracy. These findings exhibit the excellent potential of chemometrics as a powerful tool for detecting food product adulteration.

Nondestructive Detection of Corky Disease in Symptomless 'Akizuki' Pears via Raman Spectroscopy.

'Akizuki' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) corky disease is a physiological disease that strongly affects the fruit quality of 'Akizuki' pear and its economic value. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was employed to develop an early diagnosis model by integrating support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and convolutional neural network (CNN) modeling techniques. The effects of various pretreatment methods and combinations of methods on modeling results were studied. The relative optimal index formula was utilized to identify the SG and SG+WT as the most effective preprocessing methods. Following the optimal preprocessing method, the performance of the majority of the models was markedly enhanced through the process of model reconditioning, among which XGBoost achieved 80% accuracy under SG+WT pretreatment, and F1 and kappa both performed best. The results show that RF, GBDT, and XGBoost are more sensitive to the pretreatment method, whereas SVM and CNN are more dependent on internal parameter tuning. The results of this study indicate that the early detection of Raman spectroscopy represents a novel approach for the nondestructive identification of asymptomatic 'Akizuki' pear corky disease, which is of paramount importance for the realization of large-scale detection across orchards.

Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Learning

Untreated diabetic retinopathy, a complication of uncontrolled diabetes, may lead to total blindness if not addressed promptly. Consequently, in order to avoid the serious complications of diabetic retinopathy, it is crucial to diagnose the condition early and treat it medically. Patients go through a lot of pain and suffering as ophthalmologists manually identify diabetic retinopathy. With the use of an automated method, diabetic retinopathy may be detected more rapidly, allowing for easier follow-up therapy to prevent more eye damage. This paper presents a machine learning strategy for feature extraction including exudates, hemorrhages, and micro aneurysms. The strategy involves a hybrid classifier that integrates support vector machine, k closest neighbour, random forest, logistic regression, and multilayer perceptron networks. To further assist in DR stage image recognition, for instance to detect blood vessels, future research may center on applying object identification techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

Explainable AI for epileptic seizure detection in Internet of Medical Things

In the field of precision healthcare, where accurate decision-making is paramount, this study underscores the indispensability of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in the context of epilepsy management within the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The methodology entails meticulous preprocessing, involving the application of a band-pass filter and epoch segmentation to optimize the quality of Electroencephalograph (EEG) data. The subsequent extraction of statistical features facilitates the differentiation between seizure and non-seizure patterns. The classification phase integrates Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest classifiers. Notably, SVM attains an accuracy of 97.26%, excelling in the precision, recall, specificity, and F1 score for identifying seizures and non-seizure instances. Conversely, KNN achieves an accuracy of 72.69%, accompanied by certain trade-offs. The Random Forest classifier stands out with a remarkable accuracy of 99.89%, coupled with an exceptional precision (99.73%), recall (100%), specificity (99.80%), and F1 score (99.86%), surpassing both SVM and KNN performances. XAI techniques, namely Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP), enhance the system's transparency. This combination of machine learning and XAI not only improves the reliability and accuracy of the seizure detection system but also enhances trust and interpretability. Healthcare professionals can leverage the identified important features and their dependencies to gain deeper insights into the decision-making process, aiding in informed diagnosis and treatment decisions for patients with epilepsy.

A Study of Discriminatory Speech Classification Based on Improved Smote and SVM-RF

The rapid development of the Internet has facilitated expression, sharing, and interaction on social networks, but some speech may contain harmful discrimination. Therefore, it is crucial to classify such speech. In this paper, we collected discriminatory data from Sina Weibo and propose the improved Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) algorithm based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to improve data quality and balance. And we propose a new integration method integrating Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). The experimental results demonstrate that the integrated model exhibits enhanced precision, recall, and F1 score by 6.0%, 5.4%, and 5.7%, respectively, in comparison with SVM alone. Moreover, it exhibits the best performance in comparison with other machine learning methods. Furthermore, the positive impact of improved SMOTE and this integrated method on model classification is also confirmed in ablation experiments.

Classifying flexible pavement defects using hybrid machine learning approach

The transportation infrastructure sector significantly impacts a country’s gross domestic product (GDP), particularly in developing nations striving to manage and maintain road networks as valuable assets. While asset generation is integral, the more intricate challenge lies in effective maintenance. Pavement monitoring, a crucial component of pavement maintenance and management systems (PMMS), evaluates defect severity, road maintenance prioritization, and maintenance types. To enhance road health monitoring, the present study introduces a hybrid machine learning (ML) method, integrating support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed semi-automated detection system aims to reduce human supervision in traditional surveys, thereby cutting down the cost of pavement distress maintenance The research utilizes data collected by the authors from Ahmedabad city, Gujarat, following Indian road congress (IRC) guidelines for defect selection. Training involves 1,000 images for each crack type, with testing on 100 images. Results indicate that the SVM-CNN model achieves 87% accuracy in training and 91% accuracy in testing for road defect classification, showcasing its efficiency in pavement maintenance and management. The system presents the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of road maintenance processes, making it a valuable asset for developing nations striving for a more streamlined approach to road network preservation.

ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS

Opioid Risk Antibiotics Resistance abuse, overdose, and drug addiction have become public health concerns as a result of the notable increase in the use of both prescribed and over-the-counter medications in the United States. The growing incidence of opioid usage presents a complex public health issue, one of which is the possible influence on antibiotic resistance. The existing system predicts antibiotic resistance profiles in bacterial infections among hospitalized patients using machine learning (ML) algorithms and electronic medical records (EMRs). However, it ignores the impact of opioid use, a major public health issue that may be connected to antibiotic resistance. The complex association between opioid-related behaviors and antibiotic resistance may not be adequately captured by powerful machine learning algorithms, despite their use. The larger context of antibiotic resistance patterns is limited by the lack of linkage with data on opioid intake. The proposed abstract aims to improve predictive accuracy and understanding of the complex factors influencing antibiotic resistance emergence by integrating support vector machines (SVM) and linear regression to thoroughly analyse the relationship between opioid risk and antibiotic resistance. This approach addresses these limitations. We suggested combining linear regression and support vector machines (SVM) to better understand the complex connection between opioid risk and antibiotic resistance. In order to pinpoint the main causes of increased risk, trends in opioid consumption data are analyzed using the SVM model. In parallel, the relationship between opioid abuse and the rise in antibiotic resistance is examined using linear regression. Our goal is to have a thorough grasp of the complex relationship between opioid-related behaviors and the emergence of antibiotic resistance by combining these two analytical approaches. This project is designed under NetBeans with java as front end. Weka tool for machine learning analysis Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Machine Learning, Bacterial Infections, Global Crisis, Healthcare.

A novel near infrared spectroscopy analytical strategy for soil nutrients detection based on the DBO-SVR method

Soil is the basis of agricultural production and accessing accurate information on soil nutrients is essential. Traditional methods of soil composition detection, which are based on chemical analysis, are characterized by being costly and polluting. Spectroscopic analysis has proven to be a rapid, non-destructive and effective technique for predicting soil properties in general and potassium, phosphorus and organic matter in particular. However, previous research on soils has rarely combined optimization algorithms with machine learning techniques, which has led to suboptimal model accuracy and convergence speed. In this study, a total of 184 soil samples were collected from three cities of Linhai, Yueqing and Longyou County, Zhejiang Province, China. After measuring pH values, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (SAN), available phosphorus (SAP), available potassium (SAK) and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, along with their corresponding spectroscopic measurements, nine pretreatment methods and their combinations are adopted. A novel assessment model, integrating support vector machine and dung beetle optimization algorithm (DBO-SVR), is proposed to predict pH values and SAN, SAP, SAK, SOM content. Meanwhile, the DBO algorithm is compared with three mainstream optimization algorithms (particle swarm optimization (PSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and grey wolf optimizer (GWO)). Results showed that the DBO-SVR model was shown best performance with Rp, RMSEP and RPD of 0.9842, 0.1306, 5.6485 respectively for prediction of pH value, with Rp, RMSEP and RPD of 0.8802, 15.0574 mg/kg and 2.0508, respectively for assessment of SAN content, with Rp, RMSEP and RPD of 0.9790, 12.8298 mg/kg, and 4.5132, respectively for assessment of SAP content, with Rp, RMSEP and RPD of 0.8677, 22.5107 mg/kg, and 1.9546, respectively for assessment of SAK content, and with Rp, RMSEP and RPD of 0.9273, 2.6427g/kg , and 2.1821, respectively for assessment of SOM content. This study demonstrates that the combination of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and the DBO-SVR algorithm is capable of predicting soil nutrient composition with greater accuracy and efficiency.

Voting based ensemble for detecting visual faults in photovoltaic modules using AlexNet features

This study proposes a novel approach utilizing a voting-based ensemble technique to diagnose visible faults in photovoltaic (PV) modules from aerial images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), leveraging AlexNet features. The proposed method focuses on classifying commonly occurring visual faults such as glass breakage, snail trails, burn marks, delamination and discoloration. Two voting-based ensemble models, a two-class ensemble (combining support vector machines and k-nearest neighbor) and a three-class ensemble (integrating support vector machines, J48, and k-nearest neighbor) were developed and evaluated against individual machine learning classifiers. Results indicate that the two-class ensemble outperforms the three-class ensemble and other individual classifiers, achieving an accuracy of 98.30%. This approach not only enhances fault diagnosis accuracy but also reduces inspection costs and instrument monitoring efforts contributing to the sustainable and efficient operation of PV systems.

DDOS Attacks Detection via Deep Learning Approaches

Abstract: The proliferation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks presents a pressing challenge to network security. Conventional rule-based detection methods are increasingly inadequate against the evolving tactics employed by cyber adversaries. This journal proposes a novel approach integrating Support Vector Machines (SVM) into advanced machine learning architectures for fortified DDoS detection. The research methodology initiates with comprehensive data collection, gathering diverse network traffic scenarios and DDoS attack instances. This dataset becomes the foundation for subsequent phases, employing sophisticated feature engineering to extract vital patterns for model development. The feature selection process involves using feature engineering techniques including Data Collection, Model Development and SVM Integration, to extract the most discriminative and relevant features from the network traffic data. The primary innovation lies in the creation of a hybrid CNN-LSTM model, capable of discerning spatial and temporal dependencies within network data, thereby augmenting DDoS threat identification. The integration of SVM into machine learning and deep learning paradigms forms the crux of this study. By leveraging SVM's classification proficiency alongside the CNN-LSTM model's capabilities, a sophisticated DDoS detection system aims to surpass conventional rule-based limitations.

Integrating Support Vector Machines with Different Ensemble Learners for Improving Streamflow Simulation in an Ungauged Watershed

Integrating Support Vector Machines with Different Ensemble Learners for Improving Streamflow Simulation in an Ungauged Watershed

Land cover analysis of PolSAR images using probabilistic voting ensemble and integrated support vector machine

Land cover analysis of PolSAR images using probabilistic voting ensemble and integrated support vector machine

Prediction of hydropower generation via machine learning algorithms at three Gorges Dam, China

Machine learning models have been effectively applied to predict certain variable in several engineering applications where the variable is highly stochastic in nature and complex to identify utilizing the classical mathematical models. Therefore, this study investigates the capability of various machine learning algorithms in predicting the power production of a reservoir located in China using data from 1979 to 2016. In this study, different supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms are proposed: artificial neural network (ANN), AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Aveage (ARIMA) and support vector machine (SVM). Three different scenarios are examined, such as scenario1 (SC1): used to predict daily power generation, scenario 2 (SC2): used to predict power generation for monthly prediction and scenario 3 (SC3): used to predict hydropower generation (HPG) seasonally. The statistical analysis and pre-processing techniques were applied to the raw data before developing the models. Five statistical indexes are employed to evaluate the performances of various models developed. The results indicate that the proposed models can be used to predict HPG efficiently and could be an effective method for energy decision-makers. The sensitivity analyses found the most effective models for predicting HPG for three scenarios using graphical distribution data (Taylor diagram). Regarding the uncertainty analysis, 95PPU and d-factors were adopted to measure the uncertainties of the best models for ANN and SVM. The results presented that the value of 95PPU for all models falls into the range between 80% and 100%. As for the d-factor, all values in all scenarios are less than one.

Support vector machine-based similarity selection method for structural transient reliability analysis

The transient reliability analysis of structures enduring complex loads from multiple sources originating from extraordinarily tangled and complicated operation situation, plays a leading role in the operational safety and design cost of system. In this work, a support vector machine-based similarity selection genetic algorithm (SVM-SSGA) for structural transient reliability analysis is developed by integrating support vector machine (SVM), similarity selection strategy and genetic algorithm (GA). The transient reliability analysis of nose landing gear (NLG) shock strut outer fitting stress is performed to verify the modeling and simulation performance of SVM-SSGA. The results show that (i) the developed SVM-SSGA method holds eminent modeling features, resulting from that average absolute error is 0.7493 × 106 Pa and modeling time is 0.1847s, and (ii) the SVM-SSGA method is superior to other methods in simulation characteristics, since simulation time is 0.2347s of 104 MC samples and precision reaches 99.99% compared to direct simulation, (iii) the reliability degree of the NLG shock strut outer fitting stress is 0.9972 when the allowable stress is σ=1.5020 × 109 Pa. The efforts of this study provide a promising method in transient structural reliability analysis, which is prospective to improve the operational safety and reliability of the system besides the NLG.

An Efficient Hybrid Classifier for Prognosing Cardiac Disease

Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool which empowers the practitioners for predictions upon any existing or real- time data. Here, the Machine first understands the valuable patterns from the dataset and then uses that information to make predictions on the unknown data. Further, classification is the commonly used machine learning approach (ML-Approach) to make such predictions. The objective of this work aims to design and development of an ensemble classifier for prognosing cardiovascular disease (heart disease). The developed classifier integrates Support Vector Machine (SVM), K–Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and Weighted K-NN. The applicability of ensemble classifier is evaluated on the Cleveland Heart disease dataset. Some other classifiers such as Logistic Regression (LR), Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), K-NN+Weighted K-NN are also implemented on the same dataset to make the performance analysis. The results of this study depict the significant improvement in the Sensitivity and Specificity parameter.

Adaptive Decomposition and Multitimescale Analysis of Long Time Series of Climatic Factors and Vegetation Index Based on ICEEMDAN-SVM

Climate change is of great significance to vegetation coverage. However, the long time series of climatic factors and vegetation index is non-stationary and non-linear, containing different information in frequency and time scales. The study innovatively integrated Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN), and analyzed the relationship between climatic factors and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at three-time scales in Loess Plateau (LP). The results indicate that: (1) The mode mixing phenomenon of EMD can be better solved by using ICEEMDAN, and the end effect can be mitigated by using SVM to expand both ends of the data before decomposition. (2) The residual NDVI stripped out using ICEEMDAN-SVM can represent the long-term trend of the original data. The results show that the NDVI and climate factors performed noticeable spatial and temporal differences under different climate zones. (3) The relationship between vegetation and climatic factors revealed obvious spatial heterogeneity at different time scales, and the climate change in the overall trend explained the vegetation change to the greatest extent, about 95%. The study has shown that temperature is a limiting factor affecting the growth of vegetation on the Loess Plateau. We propose ICEEMDAN-SVM to study the relationship between climate factors and vegetation indices at multiple timescales., revealing some hidden information in long time series and providing a new method to quantify the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics.

Deep Learning Radiomics to Predict Regional Lymph Node Staging for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma.

BackgroundOur aim was to establish a deep learning radiomics method to preoperatively evaluate regional lymph node (LN) staging for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) patients. Methods and MaterialsOf the 179 enrolled HC patients, 90 were pathologically diagnosed with lymph node metastasis. Quantitative radiomic features and deep learning features were extracted. An LN metastasis status classifier was developed through integrating support vector machine, high-performance deep learning radiomics signature, and three clinical characteristics. An LN metastasis stratification classifier (N1 vs. N2) was also proposed with subgroup analysis.ResultsThe average areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of the LN metastasis status classifier reached 0.866 in the training cohort and 0.870 in the external test cohorts. Meanwhile, the LN metastasis stratification classifier performed well in predicting the risk of LN metastasis, with an average AUC of 0.946.ConclusionsTwo classifiers derived from computed tomography images performed well in predicting LN staging in HC and will be reliable evaluation tools to improve decision-making.