Integrated Water Resources Management System Research Articles

From District to City Scale: The Potential of Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)

The summer of 2022 was one of the hottest and driest summers that Germany experienced in the 21st century. Water levels in rivers sank dramatically with many dams and reservoirs running dry; as a result, fields could not be irrigated sufficiently, and even power generation and supply were affected. The impact of abnormally high temperatures for extended periods (heatwaves) is not restricted to nature and the economy but is also a considerable public health burden. Experts worldwide agree that these extreme weather events are being driven by climate change and will increase in intensity and frequency in the future. The adverse impact of these extreme weather events multiplies among dense urban environments, e.g., through heat islands. This calls for cities to take action to heat-proof and water-secure their urban developments. Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is one such approach to mitigate the aforementioned challenges by leveraging the urban water ecosystem with special attention to the subject of water reclamation, retention, treatment and distribution. This paper introduces and builds upon a prototype of WSUD that centers around an artificial lake as an integrated water resource management system (IWRMS) fed by treated grey water and storm water obtained from two housing blocks flanking the water reservoir. Based on the specifications of this prototype, indicators of site suitability are derived and applied to identify potential locations for replicable projects in the city of Darmstadt. The results confirm the impact WSUD can have: a total of 22 sites with 2527 apartments are found suitable for prototype implementation in Darmstadt. Savings in town water consumption from these 22 sites would add up to 147 million liters. Further benefits include the provision of 24 million liters of irrigation water, storm water retention, adiabatic cooling during heatwave, increased biodiversity and the improvement in livability of the sites and the city.

Optimisation of an integrated water resources management system for the Yellow River based on numerical simulation

Abstract With the development of digital information technology, the requirements for information technology in the management of the Yellow River are gradually increasing, and the application of information technology in the various operations of the Yellow River system is becoming more and more extensive. This paper firstly attempts to conduct an integrated study of the Yellow River water resources management system, integrating various business systems for water resources management and realizing the sharing of resources and information. Secondly, through numerical simulation, a numerical prediction model of water resources based on coupled atmosphere-hydrology-sediment environment and a numerical simulation system of hydrology-sediment is constructed to optimize the system of integrated water resources information and management of the Yellow River basin. Finally, the system is applied to the Yellow River basin, and its rationality is tested. The results show that in the dynamic water resources deployment experiment, the water resources utilization efficiency is 87.0%, which is 8.8% more efficient compared to the water resources system deployment before optimization, and the joint probability constraint and water resources utilization efficiency in the case are 0.01 and 79.6% respectively. In this paper, the system optimization of the integrated water resources management system of the Yellow River based on numerical simulation has improved the accuracy and real-time performance of water resources management, as well as the efficiency of water resources utilization, completing the integration and optimization of the integrated water resources management system of the Yellow River.

Environmental regulation and economic justification of integrated water resources management in the region

A study of ecological and economic approaches to the creation of a system of integrated integrated water resources management at the basin level is presented. As an example, the basin of the Kuyalnitsky estuary of the Odessa region is considered. To create a system of integrated management of the territory's water resources and assess individual components of the water balance, methodological economic and environmental approaches were used. The work used an ecosystem approach based on the notion that "nature is an equal partner". Water resources management took into account their significant transformation under the influence of water management, as well as operational data on the hydrometeorological characteristics of the Kuyalnitsky estuary. The results obtained show that the development of an integrated water resources management system should be based on a general calculation of all components of natural and anthropogenic influence, which allows balancing the assessment of water resources and developing a rational management system.

Assessment of future water demand and supply using WEAP model in Dhasan River Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Understanding the available resources and the needs of those who use them is necessary for the evaluation and allocation of water resources. The main sectors utilizing the basin water resources are agriculture, drinking water, animal husbandry, and industries, and the efficient and rational management of water resources to be distributed among those different sectors of activity is vital. This study attempts to develop an integrated water resource management system for the Dhasan River Basin (DRB) by employing a scenario analysis approach in conjunction with Water Evaluation and Planning Model(WEAP) to analyze trends in water use and anticipated demand between 2015 and 2050, simulating five possible scenarios (I, II, III, IV, and V) as for external driving factors. For the WEAP modeling framework, 2015 was chosen as a current (base) year for which all available information and input data were given to the model and the future demand situation was analyzed for the period 2016-2050 (forecasting period). From the findings, it was observed that for the forecasting period, total water demand, unmet demand, and streamflow were 185.29 Bm3, 117.35 Bm3, and 58.26 Bm3, respectively, in the case of scenario I; 232.34 Bm3, 162.17 Bm3, and 59.87 Bm3 in case of scenario II; 139.40 Bm3, 84.37 Bm3, and 58.15 Bm3 in case of scenario III; 186.15 Bm3, 118.76 Bm3, and 56.98 Bm3 in case of scenario IV; and 181.89 Bm3, 96.87 Bm3, and 53.11 Bm3 in case of scenario V. Results of the study indicated that by 2050, increasing population growth, industrial development, and an increase in the agricultural area will rise the water demand dramatically, posing threats to the environment and humans. Therefore, implementing improved irrigation technologies, advancing agricultural practices on farms, and constructing water conservation and retaining structures could significantly reduce the unmet demands and shortfalls in DRB. Overall findings reveal that the pressure on the Dhasan water resources would increase in the future, and thus several suggestions have been provided to assist decision-makers in sustainable planning and management of water resources to meet future demands.

Prospects of innovative development of water supply and sewerage en-terprises as one of the Sustainable Development Goals

The article points to the need for innovative development of water supply and sewerage due to the content of the sixth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 6), established by the UN General Assembly – affordable clean water and proper sanitation for all inhabitants of the planet. Sustainable development as a holistic set of guidelines and directions for developing national development programs allows building a strategy for the country's development under the generally accepted needs of humanity. The issue of access to water resources is relevant for Ukraine, especially in insufficient funding for water supply and sewerage in recent decades. The authors analyzed the current state of water supply and sewerage in Ukraine to meet the objectives and achievements of SDG 6. In particular, following the first task – the market of drinking water supply, availability and quality of drinking water for residents of settlements of the country, including according to the type of settlement and region. The technical condition of water supply networks is analyzed, the issue of uncontrolled water losses due to the unauthorized abstraction of drinking water from centralized networks and leaks is studied, the technical condition of centralized drainage networks under tasks 2 and 3 of SDG 6. The issues of water use efficiency, in particular, the water intensity of Ukraine's GDP and the importance and expediency of implementing integrated water resources management systems, have been studied. This analysis aimed to identify the main reasons that hinder the innovative development of water supply and sewerage, highlighting the main problems in the field of water supply and sewerage. The authors have developed recommendations and a set of measures to correct negative trends in the field of water supply and solve problems that meet the Sustainable Development Goals.

International approaches to solving the water problem in the CIS countries (on the example of the Republic of Azerbaijan)

In conditions when the water factor is increasingly affecting the economic development of the CIS countries, the adoption and implementation of modern technological and organizational and managerial decisions on the most effective use of water become an urgent, imperative necessity. This is all the more so because, on the one hand, the decarbonization recommended by the UN cannot be considered as the main means of solving the water problem in the economies of the Commonwealth States. On the other hand, reducing the water capacity of these economies can both accelerate their technological renewal, and become a factor in reducing the negative climate changes occurring in the post-Soviet-Eurasian area. Starting from these considerations, the authors of the article use the example of Azerbaijan — a country with limited water resources — to identify ways to modernize the water management system. This management reform is designed to address aspects of the water problem related not only to climate change, water pollution and large losses during delivery to consumers, but also to the water management policies of neighboring States located upstream of the main rivers. According to the author’s final conclusion, the experience of Azerbaijan shows a very significant role of various formats of international cooperation in the creation of effective national integrated water resources management systems in the CIS countries.

Integrated surface and groundwater resources allocation simulation to evaluate effective factors on greenhouse gases production

Abstract The water resources management in the developing countries calls for the adoption of the systems approach in accordance with the regulations of the Kyoto Protocol (1997) clean development mechanism. In this research, integrated modeling was carried out under multipurpose scenarios using six reservoir dams with a capacity of 10,500 MW (megawatt) to reduce the greenhouse gas productions. The simulation and development of the integrated water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model within a 50-year period, along with the development of the MODFLOW model in alluvial deposits that interacts with the river, allowed for the analysis of the integrated water resources management system of the Great Karun basin. Several scenarios were implemented following the calibration and validation of the linked integrated model. The components covered by these scenarios included the satisfaction of the in-basin and off-basin demands, the effect of the integrated consumption of water resources, and the effect of increased efficiency of irrigation networks with maximum clean hydroelectricity production and minimum aquifer level decline under drought-induced water shortage conditions. The second scenario, which generates 15,282 GWh (gigawatt-hour) of power, not only optimally meets the future and environmental demands as the best operating scenario but also minimizes the emission of the greenhouse gases in the basin.

Morphometric analysis of an Areal Watershed in Taubaté, SP, Brazil

In 1991, the Integrated Water Resources Management System (SIGRHI) in the State of São Paulo adopted the watershed as a territorial unit for studies, integrated planning and sustainable development. The morphometric analysis of small watersheds, which involves the characterization of geometric parameters, relief, drainage network, combined with land use and occupation, may constitute an important model for environmental analysis of larger watersheds. This study aimed at characterization of the morphometry in the Areal river basin, in the city of Taubaté, São Paulo. The study found 1.89 km² of area, 7.44 km of perimeter and 3.11 km in length of the basin axis, which allowed the calculation of the compactness coefficient (Kc = 1.51), form factor, (F = 0.195) and circularity index (CI = 0.43), indicating that under normal precipitation conditions, this basin is unlikely to be flooded, due to the distance from the unit, leading to smaller concentrate outflow. The results obtained for the Maintenance Coefficient (Cm) indicate that 260 m² is required to maintain each meter of perennial channel. The high values of drainage density (Dd = 3.35 km.km-2) and sinuosity index (Is = 0.95) indicate that drainage channels in the area are rectilinear, thus suggesting the occurrence of a high surface runoff associated with high dissection. The analysis of land use and occupation revealed that, from the seven types of vegetation cover, the dominant cover in the Areal basin is 0.756 km2 (40%) constituted of pasture, while forest represents 0.580 km2 (31%), 0.321 km2 (17%) of the land cover is constituted of degraded forest. In terms of conservation, the Areal basin is conserved because, besides being located in the environmental preservation area of the Una River Basin, it is located at the meeting of two ecological corridors and is occupied by only 8 families of rural producers. On the other hand, the creation of approximately 120 head of cattle in the upper part of the basin and the existence of gully erosion of the order of 0.018 km2 (1%) of the basin area, which led to increased runoff and sediment concentration in the flat areas marginal to the creek of Areal. Based on morphometric analysis, it was concluded that: Areal watershed presents high capacity to form new watercourses and their relief characteristics, with low sinuosity channels and high values of altimetric amplitude, channel gradient, and density. Drainage, allied to the existence of erosive processes, favors sediment flow and transport. Conservation actions are required to control erosion.

The oldest managed aquifer recharge system in Europe: New insights from the Espino recharge channel (Sierra Nevada, southern Spain)

In Sierra Nevada (southern Spain), the highest mountain range in southern Europe, the application of an ancestral Integrated Water Resources Management system (IWRM), based on the conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water, provides water resources for irrigation and supply in the driest months of the year in this semiarid mountain region. Meltwater is derived from the headwaters of the mountain streams and rivers through a set of uncoated channels excavated in the ground (locally known as acequias de careo) to infiltrate at the upper part of the valleys. Water infiltrated along the acequias de careo slowly flows down the hillsides, through the weathered zone of the hard rock aquifer and the glacial and periglacial sediments. The recharge accomplished through this Managed Aquifer Recharge technique (MAR) activates numerous springs located halfway down the hillside and increases the base flow of the rivers. In this study, focused on a careo channel located on the southern slope of Sierra Nevada called Acequia de El Espino, different archaeological, sedimentological, geophysical and hydrogeological techniques are applied to determine the age and the efficiency of this ancestral example of a MAR and IWRM system. Results suggest that the acequias de careo may be the oldest MAR system in Europe, and that this MAR technique could be applied in other high mountain alpine watersheds to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Competing Water Resource Demands in Ethiopia’s Federal System: Infancy of the Law toward Integrated Management

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution confines the power of regional states over water to administration of watercourse that flows within their respective territories. Various proclamations introduce an integrated approach to water resources management through the application of proper and integrated master planning. To this end, a new institutional framework is established through the creation of Basins’ Development Authority at national level. The previously established Basin High Councils and Authorities were implementing integrated water management within their respective basins and the powers and obligations of the basin based high councils and authorities are transferred to the newly established National Basin High Council and Basins Development Authority. Some adjustments are necessary due to federalism and issues related to the constitutional framework of water resources that have been overlooked. When the Water Resources Management Proclamation and other water laws are read together with the various provisions of the FRDE Constitution, they lack clarity save the power of the federal government to enact framework legislation over water resources within states’ territories. Works undertaken by the federal profit-oriented public enterprises transforming water into an economic good on the lands that are administered by the regional states is an area of on-going controversy. I argue that regional states should claim their constitutional right to levy and collect land use fee from profit making federal public enterprises that are engaged in transforming water into economic good within the framework of integrated water resources management system. Key terms Water · Water resources · Federalism · Water law · Integrated water resources management · Ethiopia

MANAGING WATER RESOURCES: THE EURO-INTEGRATED VECTOR

As a result of the research, the priority tasks of water policy regarding the formation of integrated water resources management system are grounded taking into account the eurointegration vector of Ukraineʼs development. The necessity of the development of water management forecasts and scenarios for the purpose of creating an information base for choosing the optimal variant for the formation of the concept of concrete actions of water resources management of the river basin has been proved. The theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of river basin management plans in the implementation of the basic provisions of the European Union water directives in the national legislation are proposed. The main mechanisms for implementation of river basin management plans are defined and classified.

The Integrated Water Resources Management System of South and North Korea

The Integrated Water Resources Management System of South and North Korea

Formation of model of integrated water resources management in the context of provision of steady water use

As a result of this study, the main problems of the existing water resources management system, which was constructed in accordance with the territorial-branch approach of the organization of water protection and water management activities, were specified. The model of implementation of the water management system of the integrated management system as an effective form of interaction of local territorial communities, business structures and authorized bodies of state power in implementation of the policy of sustainable water supply is proposed. The main tools for forming an integrated water resources management system are identified and classified.

Implementation of the integrated water resources management system based on the basin principle

The sense of the principle of basin management of water resources is disclosed in the article. The experience of European countries in this area and the prospects of its implementation in Ukraine are analyzed. The principles of integrated water resources management are characterized. The components of the river basin management plan as the main planning document for implementation of the program of measures for the sustainable management of water resources within the river basin for the long-term period are indicated. The structural scheme of integrated water resources management is proposed and its components are described. Conclusions are made on the necessity of implementing the integrated water resources management system based on the basin principle

PARADIGMAL CONCEPT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SYSTEM OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

As a result of the study, it was proved that the existing water resources management system, which is built on the component, territorial-branch principle, causes extremely high and unacceptable economic, social and environmental costs at the present stage of human development. An alternative paradigmatic concept of forming an integrated water resources management system in Ukraine is proposed based on the basic provisions of the theory and methodology of neo-institutionalism. The main directions of organization of the institutional architecture of water resources management in the context of providing sustainable water use are determined.

Rationalising water policy and the institutional and water governance arrangements in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Integrated water resources management approaches have been developed worldwide to improve water resources management practices. There are however, lingering issues with reference to the applicability of its integrated principles, especially when shifting from policy to practice (action). By conducting an exploratory case study in the Sao Paulo State, Brazil, this paper explores different stakeholders' perspectives regarding the water policy (Water Act of 1991). Through analysing institutional and water governance arrangements, the research assesses if current water policy is being translated into practice. Analysis suggests that the water policy and proposed principles are aligned with international approaches for water resources management. However, results also indicate that the principles by themselves are not sufficient to guarantee successful practice of a decentralised, participatory and integrated water resources management system. In a complex water management system, such as the one in the Sao Paulo State, coordination among different government levels and sectors is considered to be a key element to improve the likelihood of water policy implementation.

Towards efficient use of water resources management: a case study of the Syrian coastal region

During the past five decades, Syria has undergone huge changes and achieved considerable developments on the social and economic life. During the same period, its population has risen from below three million in 1970 to over 24 million today (at the end of 2013). However, this economy which has made a positive impact on the livelihoods of the people is not risk free. The environment has deteriorated and natural resources are being used unsustainably undermining economic and social development. Other problems are the aridity, deterioration in water quality, complexity in hydro-politics, inefficiency in water distribution and use, etc. This critical situation represented by water shortage and increasing population results in a growing water demand to meet domestic, industrial, commercial, and agricultural needs. Therefore, an advanced integrated water resources management system is needed to ensure the coordinated development and management of water resources. This paper presents a methodology based on advanced dynamic optimisation and geo-information technologies for supporting economic and social welfare without compromising the sustainability of the environmental system. A case study on the Syrian coastal region is presented which could be applied to all the regions in the country.

Economic efficiency of water protection within environmentally friendly and integrated water resources management

Economic efficiency of water protection means having a program to control and make water resources achieve water and environmental status targets. The goal of this paper is to point to the importance of economic efficiency of water protection which has a direct impact on the results of any environmentally friendly and integrated water resources management and produces effects measurable at the water-user side. In particular, this paper aims at specifying basic economic elements and limitations of water protection present in environmentally friendly and integrated water resources management systems. Achieved status targets of water resources are the basic parameters which contribute to full integrated management of waters in time and space. Economic efficiency is needed for water and environmental status targets to be achieved in a proper manner and with the right economic instruments and measures. The economic instruments and measures depend on economic policies that govern taxes, charges, fees and the like. Economic efficiency is more comprehensive than cost efficiency which, in environmentally friendly water management, pertains to institutional and operating costs of the measures imposed. The basis of economic efficiency is made of relationships between different offers that enable achieving specific environmental and water status of water resources. From an economic standpoint water protection comes down to achieving such status of water that allows efficient use of water in integrated water management and ecology.

Analysis of Research Trends in Water Resource Management Using Network Analysis

This study was conducted to investigate the research trends in water resource management using authors' keywords of papers in this area. For this purpose, networks of keywords were constructed through the analysis of social networks and the degree centrality was used as a measure for analyzing the water resource management areas in which research is being conducted most actively. Based on this analysis, the research trends in water resource management during the 1990s, 2000s, and after 2010 were investigated. As a result, the most active research areas in water resource management were found to be integrated water resource management system, water policies, and the development of programs for optimizing water resources. As a result of the analysis by period, the central subjects of research that emerged as new trends were found to be the acquisition of water resources such as ground water development during the 1990s, water resource management during the 2000s, and water resource management measures and government policies to cope with climate change after 2010. The significance of the present study is that the research trends were examined around the correlations among keywords by using social network analysis, rather than analyzing research trends simply by using the frequencies of papers and citations in water resource-related papers.

A Field Monitoring Station Network for Supporting the Development of Integrated Water Resources Management

Field monitoring systems were installed in six locations of interest for field weather and environment monitoring in support of the development of an integrated water resources management system in two watersheds, Saba in Bali province and Jeneberang in South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The stations were situated in lower, middle, and upper sections of the watersheds, with an intention of obtaining information regarding variation in weather and soil that represents variation in the parameters of the respective watersheds. The systems include an automatic weather station, a soil monitoring system, and a Field Router remote monitoring system that delivers data daily via Internet. Data handling procedures were developed to process the data and calculate the water balance of each field. The result yielded a description of the current condition of each field that can serve as a basis for local field water management assessment. This real-time monitoring network can support water management in watersheds that are facing water-related risks resulting from land-use change and climate change. Keywords: water resources, remote monitoring, climate change, agricultural water management.