Integrated Waste Management Model Research Articles

Gender Based Waste Management Model in Sei Sembilang, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera Province

Waste is one of the major problems in Sei Sembilang, a hamlet located in the Berbak-Sembilang National Park (BSNP) area. The area is difficult to reach, and to date, there is no effective waste management system applied. Waste management cannot be separated from the involvement of men and women; hence, a model that can accommodate the community’s interests and how gender plays a role in that model is needed. This study aims to develop an appropriate gender-based waste management model to overcome these problems. The study was conducted using mixed methods of Sequential Explanatory. Quantitative data were analyzed through 3 stages: editing, coding, and tabulation in tables and diagrams. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively through 3 stages, that are reduction, presentation, and verification. The results showed that the community’s knowledge and attitudes, both men and women, were relatively high, but not accompanied by their behavior. Women tend to have a higher level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior than men. The waste management model that can be developed is an integrated waste management model that can accommodate all society levels. This model divides roles between the community, government, and the private sector. In this model, women have a more significant role in separating waste and recycling plastic waste into handicraft products. Men play a role in transporting and processing plastic waste into economically valuable plastic raw materials.Keyword: Berbak-Sembilang National Park, gender, waste management model

Design of Integrated Waste Management Model of Medan City With Dynamic System Approach

Garbage problems occur due to the imbalance between waste production in the community and the government’s ability to manage the waste. The old patern of collect–transport–dispose will give more burden to the system because of the increasing needs of infrastructures. This study aims to develop the integrated waste management model of Medan City with dynamic system approach. To be able to apply the new waste management model, the active roles of community are needed; therefore, it is necessary to know how far the perception and participation of community in the waste management nowadays. Based on the Law No. 18 of 2008 that the waste management starts from the source level (community) that is by reducing, reusing and recycling. The result of the study showed that the community perception on the waste management was good enough, but the participation was still very low both direct and indirect participation. The implementation of waste bank scenario and independent composter per–neighborhood can decrease the waste production entering the landfill (TPA) up to 13.5% and decrease the need of waste truck from 394 units to 333 units. The total cost of waste processing also decrease in amount of 180,257,000,000 in 10 years.

Simulation of sustainable solid waste management system in Khulna city

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is the major environmental concern for Khulna, the third largest city of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to determine the most environmentally friendly option of MSWM system for Khulna city. The present system of MSWM in Khulna city was chosen as the baseline scenario in which recycling, composting and landfilling are 9.1, 4.4 and 86.5% respectively of the total managed waste. Different scenarios were developed by varying the percentage of recycling, composting and landfilling. The life cycle inventory analysis of MSWM system was done by integrated waste management model for each scenario. The model outputs of each scenario were classified into impact categories: emission of the following pollutants: greenhouse gases, acidic gases, smog precursors, heavy metal and organics to air and to water as well as quantity of residual waste and energy consumption or recovery. In the context of the aforesaid impact categories, scenario 7 consist of 71% composting, 13.6% recycling and 15.4% landfilling is the most favorable alternative for Khulna city.

Waste management policy: implications for landfill waste salvagers in the Western Cape

The City of Cape Town Solid Waste Management Department's (CCTSWMD) design of a more formal, integrated and sustainable waste management system is being pursued at the expense of the poor and marginalised. The city's waste management policy aims to improve waste management technology and in so doing eliminate landfill salvaging. This article examines CCTSWMD's policy prohibiting landfill salvaging and the intended and unintended consequences of such a decision on landfill waste salvagers. Given that suitable sites for land filling are scarce and difficult to acquire, costs to create new landfills are extremely high, incineration is too expensive and incompatible with South Africa's environmental standards and the absence of a formalised system for waste separation at source in South Africa, waste recovery at the landfill remains the best option for both meeting waste minimisation goals and the basic needs of the poor. These findings informed the development of an integrated waste management model that is in concert with the policy directives but more importantly, ensures that the now destitute waste salvagers regain some form of income security and human dignity.

Model of cost and price relationships for municipal waste management of the Czech Republic

Presented paper Model of cost and price relationships for municipal waste management of the Czech Republic introduces an integrated waste management model of the Czech Republic which was developed as a balanced network model for a set of sources (mostly municipalities) of municipal solid waste (MSW) connected with a set of chosen waste treatment facilities processing their waste. Model is implemented as a combination of four models including environmental and economic point of view. It enables to formulate the optimisation problem in a concise way and the resulting model is easily scalable. It can be used for waste management planning as a decision support tool. In this case, aggregated emissions of greenhouse gases expressed as CO2 equivalent have been minimised. Model involves composting energy utilization, material recycling, and landfilling. Its size (number of sources and facilities) depends only upon available data. Its application was used as a decision support tool in the case study of optimizing the planning allocation of potential facilities of waste management of the Czech Republic.

Assessment of municipal solid waste management scenarios in Irkutsk (Russia) using a life cycle assessment-integrated waste management model

Continuous growth in the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) and increasing demands for their environmentally-friendly treatment are one of the main consequences of the growing social and economic development rate in modern society. Despite ecologically sustainable trends in waste management systems around the world, open dumps are still the main waste treatment option in Russia. This study aims to help the local municipality administration in Irkutsk (Russia) identify the most appropriate direction for current waste management and its optimization. Within this study four developed MSW management scenarios were assessed and compared with respect to their ecological, economic and social aspects using a life cycle-based integrated waste management model. The evaluation results of these scenarios show that the development of environmental sustainability and the reduction of social effects lead to an increase in handling of costs of waste. The best scenario, regarding both environmental and social aspects, is scenario four, which includes the separate collection and reprocessing of recyclables in combination with an aerobic mechanical-biological pre-treatment of the residual waste before landfilling. However, this scenario is 3.6 times more expensive than the existing system. The results of all assessed scenarios were further analyzed and recommendations were made to design integrated waste management solutions that are optimal not only from the ecological and social points of view, but which are also realistic within the given economic situation.

Developing the Evaluation Criteria for the Municipal Solid Waste Systems – Krakow Case Study

The article presents the methodology which can help the decision makers in evaluation of different municipal solid waste disposal systems. The results of the well known computer Integrated Waste Management model (IWM-1) are usually too fragmented to allow the final decision. The authors present the scientific background of the IWM-1 results integration. The results of the IWM-1 model analysis have been integrated into some specific categories that originate from the field of the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). The authors propose 11 environmental categories plus the general ones calculated by the IWM-1 model. The presented categories describe the environmental impact of the analyzed system and are far easier to identify and understand by the public and by the decision makers. The developed methodology has been applied for the City of Krakow. The authors analyze two Krakow municipal solid waste disposal systems. The first system has been in operation for the last few years. The waste is collected and disposed at the landfill site while recycling and composting are implemented only in a limited scale. The second system presents the potential ultimate solid waste option for Krakow, where the waste is sorted extensively, then a significant part of organic fraction is composted, and the rest of the waste goes to the incinerator. The presented analysis compares these two systems. The authors use the results from the IWM-1 models for both systems as the input data to calculate the proposed impact categories. The final outcome is presented as graphs with the detail description of each stage of generation.

Assessing the environmental burdens of anaerobic digestion in comparison to alternative options for managing the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid wastes

Biological treatment processes including anaerobic digestion (biogasification) and composting are increasingly being considered by waste management officials and planners as alternatives for managing the mainly organic residues of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The integrated waste management model which is based upon the application of life-cycle analysis was employed to compare the environmental burdens of landfilling, composting and anaerobic digestion of MSW at a mid-sized Canadian community. Energy consumption (or recovery), residue recoveries and emissions to air and water were quantified. Scenario comparisons were analyzed to demonstrate that the environmental burdens associated with anaerobic digestion are reduced in comparison with the alternative options. The major benefit occurs as a result of the electricity produced from burning the biogas and then supplying the 'green power' to the local electrical grid.

Understanding the Determinants of Consumer Composting Behavior1

This study compared 3 models of waste management behavior: (a) a theory of reasoned action model, (b) an environmental belief‐behavior model, and (c) an integrated waste management model which is based on the theory of planned behavior. The three models were compared using data from a sample of over 1,400 individual respondents who each completed a survey and a 2‐week diary of their consumer composting activities. Overall, the results suggest that while the environmental beliefs‐behavior model and the integrated waste management models both fit the data well, the integrated waste management model provided better predictive power and offers significant insight into the factors that influence composting behavior.