Abstract
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is the major environmental concern for Khulna, the third largest city of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to determine the most environmentally friendly option of MSWM system for Khulna city. The present system of MSWM in Khulna city was chosen as the baseline scenario in which recycling, composting and landfilling are 9.1, 4.4 and 86.5% respectively of the total managed waste. Different scenarios were developed by varying the percentage of recycling, composting and landfilling. The life cycle inventory analysis of MSWM system was done by integrated waste management model for each scenario. The model outputs of each scenario were classified into impact categories: emission of the following pollutants: greenhouse gases, acidic gases, smog precursors, heavy metal and organics to air and to water as well as quantity of residual waste and energy consumption or recovery. In the context of the aforesaid impact categories, scenario 7 consist of 71% composting, 13.6% recycling and 15.4% landfilling is the most favorable alternative for Khulna city.
Highlights
Sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical issue of the municipal authority in most of the cities in the world because of the growing volume of waste and the presence of harmful chemicals and additives in different waste fractions [1,2,3]
The existing practice of MSW management (MSWM) has led to various emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide from the production of new materials and methane from the decomposition of organic waste in landfills [8]
From final disposal sites (FDS) only 18 t d− 1 of MSW is directly used for the composting purpose by non-government organization
Summary
Sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical issue of the municipal authority in most of the cities in the world because of the growing volume of waste and the presence of harmful chemicals and additives in different waste fractions [1,2,3]. In Bangladesh, MSW management (MSWM) system is not well-organized and generally based on collection and dumping of MSW [4]. In Khulna city, the quantity of total generated MSW is 420 to 520 t d− 1 and the Khulna city corporation (KCC) authority is responsible for waste management [5]. By door to door collection system, MSW are generally deposited in secondary disposal sites (SDS) either by the dwellers themselves or community based organizations or non-government organizations [6]. KCC performs MSWM through transportation of MSW from SDS to the final disposal sites (FDS) at Rajbandh, about 7 km away from the main city [7]. Uncontrolled disposal of MSW is a latent reason for water pollution, public health problems, explosion and landslide
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