Integrated Product Service System Research Articles

Development of an online concept for the use of the serious game EDIPS2

Strategic thinking games development is an important topic in the modern world, and the digitalization wave also influences this movement. In this research paper, the possibilities of creating an online version of an educational game, called EDIPS2 (Edutainment for Designing Integrated Product-Service System), that requires communication, was researched and discussed. It is a German version of a serious game EDIPS, which was created by Shimomura Laboratory at the Department of System Design at Tokyo Metropolitan University. Its purpose is to promote strategic thinking and collaboration between experts in design and in business of product service systems (PSS) through playful online-entertainment.

ORGANISING DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES: THE CASE OF PRODUCT–SERVICE SYSTEMS

This study addresses the development of new integrated product–service systems (PSSs). Most empirical research on the organisation of development processes has focussed on new product development, new service development, software development and new business model development in isolation; however, the development of new, complex PSSs that require the integration of these development efforts has received limited research attention. We address this literature gap through a qualitative, in-depth study of five firms operating in the business-to-business context. The findings demonstrate that all new PSS development processes did not implement and use one specific process model. Instead, the organisation of new PSS development processes was contingent upon the type of services to be offered and the target business model. This study proposes a contingency framework for development processes that provides considerable guidance to managers searching for ways to facilitate the processes of developing new PSSs.

Designing Integrated Product-Service Systems for Children-Nature Interaction

Designing Integrated Product-Service Systems for Children-Nature Interaction

Beyond Model-Based Systems Engineering towards Managing Complexity

Abstract Systems Engineering domain lacks in methodologies for integration of development artefacts (e.g. requirements, functions, geometrics, or behavior) and enterprise models (e.g. organizational structures, processes, or IT infrastructure). Especially the rising complexity driven by integrated product service systems, smart services, systems of systems and cyber physical systems (CPS) leads to a new paradigm further on called Advanced Systems Engineering (ASE). It empowers enterprises to cope with such complex developments. The employment of ASE technologies in design and manufacturing enterprises requires a reachability of technical information and continuity along vertical and horizontal dimensions. A widely used approach to implement this is Model-based System Engineering (MBSE). This paper introduces a solution to achieve the goals of manufacturing excellence as well as complexity management by identifying and analyzing relevant requirements and possible approaches for an innovative simulation enabling and executable modelling language, the so-called advanced MBSE+.

Integrating Product-Service Systems into the manufacturing industry: Industry 4.0 perspectives

Industry 4.0 is the current trend in the technologies used in exchange of data in manufacturing. Product-service system is a concept that provides self-aware and self-learning machines, and consequently improve overall performance and maintenance management. Companies continually strive to increase production, but in recent years, the effects of this effort have demonstrated that provision of products alone with less resilient technology-enabled service industry is insufficient to remain competitive. The importance of leveraging flexibility and capabilities offered by cloud computing is inevitable, but adapting prognostics and health management algorithms to efficiently implement current data management technologies was research and develop in this study. In this paper, we present an integrated product-service system as a potential concept from a life-cycle perspective to reduce disruption, costs and associated services such as autonomous maintenance, through exchange of data to understand equipment degradation using sensors application, to aid timely services intervention for manufacturing processes transformation. The results is the knowledge base servitude backed by machine clusters generated data for different working conditions to improve operational efficiency using Cloud IoT to connect, process, store, and analyse data on the dashboard, locally and in the cloud for future health assessment.

Introducing Product Service System Architectures for realizing Circular Economy

Abstract Product-Service Systems (PSS) as well as modular products can act as an enabler for Circular Economy (CE). Products and services have to be developed concurrently in order to be attuned properly. In product design, developers have to fulfil various requirements such as functional and cost targets. Integrating requirements regarding CE and developing products and services simultaneously makes their task even more complex and challenging. In concept design, the outline or rough concept of the product is defined. In order to develop functional PSS and to integrate CE goals in the stage of concept design, the authors propose Integrated Product Service Systems Architectures (IPSSAs), which depict physical product architectures and services architectures in one integrated model. This paper presents first findings on how IPSSAs can be realized. An analysis of different modelling notations was conducted and an exemplary application on a use case was performed. The findings lead to further research steps on the path to a method for modularizing PSS for CE.

Study on the feasibility of modelling notations for integrated Product-Service Systems Engineering

Developing products and services concurrently bears great potential as well as challenges. Systems Engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary approach, which aims to enable the realization of successful systems. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is a SE approach focusing on the utilization of models for information exchange instead of documents. Methods and tools for MBSE are advanced and effective. Nevertheless, the field predominantly focuses on technical systems rather than on services and business models. In the context of the increasing importance of the Service Economy and rising innovative business models, an extension of the MBSE methods and tools to a service- and business model-centric view constitutes a research gap. Sufficient methods for requirements definition in PSS design have been developed. In concept design, the outline or rough concept of the product is defined. This step is currently not supported with useful methods. In order to address this research gap, the authors have proposed Integrated Product Service Architectures (IPSSAs) in previous research, which depict physical product architectures and service architectures in one integrated model. In previous studies, Systems Modelling Language (SysML) was identified as suitable modelling notations for IPSSAs, but several drawbacks of the notation were noted. Within this paper, a study is presented, which identifies suitable combinations of modelling notations and diagrams for IPSSA modelling. The combination of several diagrams from SysML, Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) and Data Flow Architecture is used on the practical example of ELSA (Engineering Living Systems of Autonomy), a service robot for guest and plant care. In order to address the lack of process-based service modelling in SysML, BPMN is added to common SysML modelling. In order address the data flow dimension, a third modelling notation, the Data Flow Architecture is proposed.

An integrated product service system modelling methodology with a case study of clothing industry

Product-service system (PSS) is a business model designed to help enterprises achieve servitisation. PSS not only considers service-oriented logic to increase product value but also supports enterprises with waste reduction. An increasing number of studies have emphasised PSS development. However, much of the literature remains focused on separate development phases, such as idea generation or a specific product or industry application. An integrative system modelling methodology designed to help companies formulate a complete scenario is absent. This study provides a methodology for developing a systematic and complete PSS strategy. It combines failure modes and effects and importance-performance analysis to identify potential customer needs. A service-product development matrix and a product-service life cycle analysis are developed. Following the service concepts generation, grey relational analysis and scenario analysis are utilised to evaluate the alternatives. A case study involving the clothing industry was conducted to test the proposed approach. Results indicate the methodology can help service providers identify existing problems and develop service alternatives systematically. These alternatives can then be evaluated and the scenario which achieves the highest profitability, is the most environmental friendly, and is the most social friendly can be identified.

Research on integrated product service system driven by customer value based on ontology technology

PurposeWith the customers’ increasing expectation on the product value, manufacturing enterprises around the world have made significant efforts to provide high value-added services in addition to their traditional product development and manufacturing business. For this reason, it is of great importance to research product service system. The purpose of this paper is to research on the key problem of integrated product service system (IPSS) design.Design/methodology/approachA value-oriented IPSS is developed, which is set up based on “requirements-functions-processes-structures” mapping model to give full consideration to customer value and service functions. An extended product-service blueprint, which stems from the service blueprint, is developed to describe product behaviors, service deliver processes, stakeholders’ activities and supporting activities. An ontology-based design support system is proposed to improve design efficiency and help designers making better-informed decisions. A computer-aided prototype system has been developed, and an initial attempt has been made to demonstrate the role of IPSS in the aerospace industry.FindingsMany traditional design methods cannot effectively address the objects and processes integration problem of products and services. Moreover, both product and service should be considered in IPSS design, and both of them extremely depend on designers’ own experience and knowledge. Thus, a broader range of knowledge is required to understand product-service system (PSS) design.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides a solid foundation for PSS C and promotes an effective means for PSS design.Originality/valueA customer value-oriented IPSS is presented. Customer requirements are considered during the design phase of PSS as well as both product and service knowledge.

Design for product-service systems: a procedure to enhance functional integration of product-service offerings

Design and development of an integrated Product-Service System (PSS) aims at replacing stand-alone products or services with a functional offering. However, issues regarding this transition are dissimilar and differentiated. This study discusses the importance of PSSs analysing the theoretical studies accomplished in the extent of their design and development processes. Based on this, a novel procedure, built on the Design Science approach, is proposed, where the distinct models from the literature are merged towards a unified structure serving as a robust and generic methodology for designing PSSs. Each stage of this process is then developed to present a comprehensive design procedure, called the Functional Engineered Product-Service System (FEPSS), which is based on morphological thinking to conceptualise PSS offerings. A case study illustrates the use of the proposed framework underlining its effectiveness in merging stakeholders' needs, development activities, as well as products and services elements enclosed in the solution.

A Framework to Design Integrated Product-Service Systems Based on the Extended Functional Analysis Approach

Despite the growing research interest in PSS design and development methods in recent years, there is still no fully stabilized and shared understanding of the PSS design process. This can be partly explained by two main gaps: the decoupled design of product and services and the lack of operational solutions. This research aims at outlining the main characteristics of a proposal for a new PSS design framework, expected to contribute answering these 2 gaps. The proposition is based jointly on a recently created PSS design methodology and an extension of the functional analysis (FA) approach (NF X 50-100), which is commonly used in product design. The proposed framework intends to smoothly integrate the whole PSS design process, including product-service design and the network configuration.

What's in it for the Provider? The Case of a Telecom Vendor's Value Capturing from the Transition to Product-Service Systems

In adopting highly integrated Product-Service Systems (PSS), incentive structures change and the value attainable for providers throughout the lifecycle becomes an issue of growing complexity. Nonetheless, value for PSS providers has up to now not been considered in a multidimensional fashion. In an effort to move towards a characterization of provider's value, an offering in the information communication technology sector was examined through an investigation with ten staff-members of Ericsson, Sweden. This led to a value-categorization, which can be utilized in the PSS design process to enhance the value captured throughout the lifecycle beyond immediate monetary benefit. In an effort to provide general learnings, the results are discussed with a focus on PSS business models, PSS design and management communication. Overall, the results presented provide a more comprehensive picture of what a provider has to gain from a PSS offering throughout its entire lifecycle.

Constructing a sustainable service business model

Purpose – The purpose is to conceptually construct a service-dominant (S-D) logic-based integrated product service system (IPSS) business model. Design/methodology/approach – The model is constructed through literature reviews and inferences. Findings – IPSS model is in compliance with the ten fundamental premises of S-D logic as well as conforming to triple bottom lines of sustainability. Research limitations/implications – To convert a firm from goods-centric model to service-centric IPSS model is not easy. There are quite a few challenges to be overcome. Practical implications – There are many successful cases adopting service-centric business model. The key success factors are to be identified in the future studies. Originality/value – It is the first paper discussing the sustainability of IPSS model and its relationship with S-D logic.

Strategic Thinking in EDIPS: Edutainment for Designing Integrated Product-service System

The range and intention of Product-Service System (PSS) design are quite different from the traditional product-oriented design. Therefore, designers and design organizations in the future must have new capabilities and competencies to realize an effective PSS design. In this study, the authors develop an educational business game for accustoming users to the philosophy of PSS and changing their mindset. Business games have the advantage of effective and enjoyable learning through strategic thinking in a simulated business environment. This paper presents the latest structure of the developed game and types of strategic thinking of players in the game. The effectiveness of this game is demonstrated by the application in several workshops.

The challenge of conceptual modeling for product–service systems: status-quo and perspectives for reference models and modeling languages

Confronted with decreasing margins and a rising customer demand for integrated solutions, manufacturing companies integrate complementary services into their portfolio. Offering value bundles (consisting of services and physical goods) takes place in integrated product–service systems, spanning the coordinated design and delivery of services and physical goods for customers. Conceptual Modeling is an established approach to support and guide such efforts. Using a framework for the design and delivery of value bundles as an analytical lens, this study evaluates the current support of reference models and modeling languages for setting up conceptual models for an integrated design and delivery of value bundles. Consecutively, designing modeling languages and reference models to fit the requirements of conceptual models in product–service systems are presented as upcoming challenges in Service Research. To guide further research, first steps are proposed by exemplarily integrating reference models and modeling languages stemming from the service and manufacturing domains.