Integrated Plant Nutrient Management Research Articles

Effect of Integrated Plant Nutrient Management based on Soil Test Crop Response on Primary Plant Nutrients Uptake and Quality Parameters of Blackgram on Alfisols in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, India

Background:Enhancing food security and nutrition for the expanding population is a significant concern. In this context, the application of inorganic fertilisers and organic manures and plays a pivotal role by supplying vital nutrients to plants. This practice elevates the nutrient content and overall nutritional quality of crops, thereby contributing substantially for meeting the nutritional requirements of a growing populace. Conversely, the repercussions of imbalanced nutrition are detrimental, leading to reduced agricultural productivity and soil fertility degradation. These factors, in turn, contribute to increased cultivation costs. Addressing this multifaceted issue necessitates a precise quantification of inorganic fertiliser integration with organic manures as an effective means of resolving these challenges. Methods: The current research was conducted on a farmer's holding, using blackgram (variety: VBN 11) in Thondamuthur block of Coimbatore district, Western Zone of Tamil Nadu to study the effect of different N, P2O5, K2O and IPNS dosages in nutrient acquisition and quality parameters. The treatments included absolute control, blanket, blanket + FYM, Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based fertiliser dose for an yield target of 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 t ha-1, STCR-IPNS based fertiliser dose for an yield target of 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 t ha-1 and farmer’s practice. Result: The highest nutrient uptake and quality parameters were recorded when employing STCR-IPNS at a targeted yield of 1.4 t ha⁻1. This finding strongly underscores the value of incorporating these practices into our agricultural approach. Doing so not only paves the way for sustainable, nutrient-rich food production but also effectively addresses the issue of imbalanced nutrition. Moreover, it plays a vital role in enhancing soil health. In sum, this comprehensive approach is pivotal in fortifying food security and elevating nutritional standards.

Evaluating the Impact of Plant Growth on Different Varieties of Wheat and Barley Treated With Biofertilizers

Purpose: Biofertilizers have gained recognition as a crucial element in integrated plant nutrient management, contributing to sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers are natural products that contain living microorganisms capable of enhancing plant growth and improving soil fertility. This study aims to assess the impact of different biofertilizers on the growth of various varieties of wheat and barley. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers for promoting the growth of wheat and barley crops.
 Methodology: The experiment involves treating multiple cultivars of wheat and barley with biofertilizers, while a control group is administered traditional chemical fertilizers for comparison. The growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, root development, and yield, are carefully monitored and recorded throughout the experiment. The study is conducted under controlled environmental conditions to ensure consistency across all plant samples. Collected data is subjected to statistical analysis to determine any significant disparities in growth between the biofertilizer-treated group and the control group.
 Findings: The utilization of biofertilizers resulted in remarkable growth improvements in the plants as opposed to conventional fertilizers. The plants treated with biofertilizers exhibited noticeable enhancements in various parameters, including increased plant height, expanded leaf area, elongated root length, and greater biomass accumulation. Among the different crop varieties, certain ones showcased a more pronounced response to biofertilizer treatments. Specifically, varieties W1 and W2 of wheat displayed the highest levels of growth enhancement when treated with biofertilizers, while barley varieties B1 and B2 showed significant improvements as well. Furthermore, the application of biofertilizers led to higher grain weight and increased yield per unit area in the crops compared to traditional fertilizers. Notably, the biofertilizer-treated crops also exhibited notable enhancements in quality attributes, such as improved nutritional content and reduced pesticide residues.
 Unique contributor to theory, policy and practice: The utilization of biofertilizers demonstrated significant advantages over traditional fertilizers, resulting in improved plant growth, increased yield, and enhanced quality attributes in various crop varieties.

Fertilizer Recommendations for Pearl Millet through Soil Test Crop Response-integrated Plant Nutrition System Approach on Alfisol

The field experiment was conducted in RBD with three replications at farmer's field which is located at Vagarai village, Dindigul district during February to May 2023 for refining the already existing Fertilizer Prescription Equations (FPEs) of hybrid pearl millet, which has been developed for Periyanaikenpalayam series to suit Palaviduthi soil series (Typic Rhodustalf). The performance of the pearl millet TNAU hybrid CO 10 was evaluated. The results of the experiment revealed that highest grain yield obtained from STCR - IPNS - 4.0 t ha-1, where farmyard manure along with inorganic fertilizers were combinedly applied. From the experimental data, basic parameters viz., nutrient requirement (NR), percent contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) were computed. It has been found that the nutrient requirement for producing one quintal grain of pearl millet was 2.23 kg of N, 1.19 kg of P2O5, and 2.22 kg of K2O. The percent contribution from soil (Cs) and fertilizers (Cf) were 15.7 and 47.1 for N, 32.09 and 45.06 for P2O5, 10.04 and 66.71 for K2O respectively. Percent contribution from FYM was 36.09 for N, 16.84 for P2O5 and 33.29 for K2O. FPEs for Pearl millet were generated using these basic parameters through the Soil Test Crop Response based Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR-IPNS). Applying FYM at 12.5 t ha-1 combined with NPK fertilizers, was projected to result in a saving of 40, 21, and 27 kilograms of fertilizer N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. Soil test-based fertilizer recommendations and integrated plant nutrient management will help farmers to conserve fertilizers as well as sustain soil health and high rates of productivity.

Optimum wheat productivity under integrated plant nutrient management is associated with improved root system and high nutrient efficiency

Depleting soil fertility and low fertilizer efficiency in alkaline calcareous soils are serious issues worldwide creating an immediate threat to environment and food security. Integrated nutrient management (INM) can be a promising eco-friendly strategy for improving crop performance and resource efficiency to resolve these concerns. A field study was conducted to investigate the integrated effect of organic sources [farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10 tons ha-1 and press mud (PM) @ 5 tons ha-1] along with various NPK rates [100, 75, 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)] on root system, nutrient efficiency, and yield of wheat cultivar Kiran-95. Longest roots were measured in FYM + RDF50 while highest surface area and number of root tips were recorded in PM + RDF50 than RDF alone. However, maximum root volume and average root diameter was observed in PM + RDF100 and PM + RDF75, respectively compared with RDF only. PM + RDF100 considerably enhanced grain yield and related traits i.e., spike length, tillers count m-2 and 100-grain weight as compared to RDF only. Integration of PM and 100% RDF showed higher NPK uptake, than RDF alone. Recovery efficiency (RE) of NPK was calculated higher at lower fertilizer rates and vice versa. The sole application of RDF100 showed least RE of NPK whilst PM + RDF50 revealed higher RE of NPK. The results suggested that INM could be a sustainable approach to enhance wheat productivity and nutrient efficiency in alkaline calcareous soils. In addition, PM along with RDF100 NPK fertilizers proved superior in improving root traits and nutrient accumulation thereby increasing wheat grain yield.

Fertilizer prescriptions equation for targeted yield in radish under integrated plant nutrient management system in an inceptisol

Fertilizer prescriptions equation for targeted yield in radish under integrated plant nutrient management system in an inceptisol

Soil Test-Based Fertilizer Prescriptions under Integrated Plant Nutrient Management System for Garlic in an Inceptisol of Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

Soil Test-Based Fertilizer Prescriptions under Integrated Plant Nutrient Management System for Garlic in an Inceptisol of Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

Effect of integrated plant nutrient management on indicators related to yield and productivity of spring barley (Hordéum vulgáre) under drought conditions in the growing season

The agricultural production of the world is becoming increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather conditions, but adaptation to such conditions still suffers from a lack of integrated solutions and approaches that should cover relevant plant nutrition management issues, as well as technological mechanisms and tools. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fertilizer systems on yield indicators and the productivity of spring barley under arid growing conditions and determine the correlation between yield indicators and barley productivity to form a fertilization strategy for this crop under drought conditions. Two separate field experiments were conducted in 2018 in a small plot in six replications based on a long-term research field experiment on chernozem-type soil (black soil). As components of an integrated plant nutrient management system, the combined application of mineral fertilizers and stress protectors was used (for seed inoculation and foliar treatment), as well as the local application of mineral fertilizers at different depths (10-12 cm, 20-22 cm and at two depths simultaneously). The application of components of an integrated plant nutrient management system increased the chlorophyll content, leaf water content, and grain yield. These benefits of integrated fertilizer management led to significant improvement in grain yield. The maximum values of this indicator were noted for foliar treatment of plants by a stress protector at a rate of 1.0 L ha-1 (once per growing season) or 0.5 L ha-1 (twice per growing season) and for deep localization of mineral fertilizers (to a depth of 20-22 cm). The content of chlorophyll and bound water in the tissues of barley plants can be used as an indicator to determine the resistance of plants to arid growing conditions since these physiological characteristics are closely correlated with the yield of barley.

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)- Recent biotechnological advances to enhance salt tolerant traits

Suitable management technologies to offset adverse effects of abiotic stresses like water logging, salinity and drought have been developed. Soil fertility is abiotic stress for which integrated plant nutrient-management system has been evolved to enhance pigeonpea productivity in pigeonpea-based cropping systems. Effective procurement, attractive minimum support price coupled with enhanced productivity would promote pigeonpea cultivation in green revolution tracts.

Evaluating and Adapting Climate Change Impacts on Rice Production in Indonesia: A Case Study of the Keduang Subwatershed, Central Java

Predicting the effect of climate change on rice yield is crucial as global food demand rapidly increases with the human population. This study combined simulated daily weather data (MarkSim) and the CERES-Rice crop model from the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) software to predict rice production for three planting seasons under four climate change scenarios (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) for the years 2021 to 2050 in the Keduang subwatershed, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The CERES-Rice model was calibrated and validated for the local rice cultivar (Ciherang) with historical data using GenCalc software. The model evaluation indicated good performance with both calibration (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.89, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.88) and validation (R2 = 0.87, NSE = 0.76). Our results suggest that the predicted changing rainfall patterns, rising temperature, and intensifying solar radiation under climate change can reduce the rice yield in all three growing seasons. Under RCP 8.5, the impact on rice yield in the second dry season may decrease by up to 11.77% in the 2050s. Relevant strategies associated with policies based on the results were provided for decision makers. Furthermore, to adapt the impact of climate change on rice production, a dynamic cropping calendar, modernization of irrigation systems, and integrated plant nutrient management should be developed for farming practices based on our results in the study area. Our study is not only the first assessment of the impact of climate change on the study site but also provides solutions under projected rice shortages that threaten regional food security.

Crop Establishment Methods and Integrated Nutrient Management Improve: Part II. Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiency and Soil Health in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Field in the Lower Indo-Gangetic Plain, India

Rice, the predominant food crop in India, is being grown traditionally with improper plant nutrient management mostly under the flooded situation. Recent advancement in research on crop science focuses on water-saving rice technologies for maximization in crop and water productivity under the backdrop of a shrinking water resource base for ensuring environmental and agricultural sustainability. Under this situation, an experiment was conducted in two consecutive years in a split-plot design keeping rice cultivation methodologies, viz., aerobic culture, System of Rice Intensification (SRI), and conventional flooded culture in main plots and integrated plant nutrient management (INM) treatments in sub-plots. The experiment was aimed at understanding the effects of different rice production systems and INM on nutrient content, uptake, and use efficiency. The change in soil quality parameters was also studied to understand the impact of crop establishment methods (CEM) and INM options. Significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in nutrient uptake and use efficiency was observed under aerobic culture compared to SRI and flooded method, although aerobic culture showed the highest physiological nitrogen use efficiency. Post-harvest available Fe status was significantly lower in aerobic rice (mean 10.39 ppm) compared to other crop establishment technologies; however, Zn status was higher in aerobic rice over the flooded situation. Although available potassium was not affected due to rice cultivation methods, available nitrogen and phosphorus status were influenced remarkably. Soil microbial quality was improved in aerobic rice in comparison to flooded rice. SRI proved to be the most efficient rice establishment method for enhancement in nutrient uptake, use efficiency, and enrichment of soil chemical and microbiological quality. Irrespective of crop culture, integrated plant nutrition in rice improved the nutrient uptake, use efficiency, and soil quality parameters. The study revealed that, under the alluvial soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Eastern India, SRI can be considered as a water-saving rice production method. The method can also improve nutrient uptake, efficiency, and soil quality parameters if proper INM is adopted.

Crop Establishment Methods and Integrated Nutrient Management Improve: Part I. Crop Performance, Water Productivity and Profitability of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Lower Indo-Gangetic Plain, India

In the eastern part of India, rice as the most vital staple food crop supports as well the livelihood security of a vast population. Rice is mostly grown under conventional flooded culture without proper nutrient management. Crop performance, water productivity and economic profitability of rice cultivation need to be assessed under water-saving rice production methodologies with proper integrated plant nutrient management strategies using locally available low-cost nutrient sources. A field trial was conducted at the Adaptive Research Farm, Polba (58.57 m msl), Agriculture Department, West Bengal, India, during the rainy/wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 under aerobic culture, the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional flooded culture. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of integrated plant nutrition and water-saving rice production methodologies on the crop performance and water productivity of rice and analyse the economic profitability of rice under different nutritional management and crop production methods such as aerobic culture, conventional flooded and SRI with an objective of sustainability in rice cultivation in the agroclimatic region. The results revealed that crop productivity significantly (p ≤ 0.05) varied from 4.68 t ha−1 (average yield recorded under aerobic culture) to 6.21 t ha−1 (average yield as achieved under SRI). Cultivation of rice under aerobic and conventional culture resulted in 24.6% and 20.9% yield reduction respectively as compared to SRI. Integrating 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through chemicals with 25% RDN from vermicompost resulted in maximum crop productivity irrespective of crop culture. Aerobic rice culture registered maximum water economy in terms of both irrigation water productivity and total productivity. The study concludes that, for maximization of economic profitability, value cost ratio and partial factor productivity of nutrients the SRI method can be adopted along with integrated nutrient management (75% of RDN through chemicals with 25% RDN from vermicompost) in the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain Zone (IGPZ) of West Bengal, India.

Review on Nutrient Management, Cycles, Flows and Balances in Different Farming Systems

Soil fertility management is continuously modified and adapted as conditions change in time and integrated plant nutrient management is a holistic approach to optimizing plant nutrient supply for the objective of adequately nourish the crop as efficiently as possible, while minimizing potentially adverse impacts to the environment Existence of life depends on continuous cycling of nutrients from the nutrient pool (in the abiotic component of environment) to the living beings and then back to the nutrient pool. These complex series of invisible, delicately balanced, and interrelated biochemical reactions fuel life on earth. Nutrients cycles have been substantially altered by human activities mainly agriculture with large positive and negative consequences for a range of ecosystem services and for human well-being and The presence of animals into the agricultural production system can modify the rates and flows of nutrient dynamics between the compartments of the system and Integrated crop-livestock systems can positively change the biophysical and socio-economic dynamics of farming systems, reestablishing sustainable rural development and promoting higher overall farm profitability. Soil nutrient balances reflect the net change in soil fertility and indicate trends in time, but do not necessarily determine the current state of soil fertility and can differ considerably between different crops, farming systems and agro-ecological zones Keywords: Nutrients, nutrient cycle, nutrient balance DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-18-03 Publication date: September 30 th 2021

Soil test based fertilizer prescriptions under integrated plant nutrient management system for carrot in an Inceptisol

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi in an Inceptisol during rabi 2020-21 to develop a targeted yield equation for carrot crop. After developing three levels of fertility gradient with respect to available NPK in soil, the main experiment was conducted by taking carrot as a test crop. Initial soil data, carrot yield and NPK uptake by carrot crop were used for obtaining four important basic parameters, viz., nutrients required to produce a quintal of carrot roots (NR%), contribution of nutrients from fertilizers (CF%), contribution of nutrients from soil (CS%) and contribution of nutrients from organic matter (%C-OM). It was found that 0.65, 0.11 and 0.83 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively were required for producing one quintal carrot yield. The per cent contribution of nutrients from soil, fertilizer and FYM were 45.33, 65.91 and 67.26 for N; 58.45, 67.86 and 108.12 for P2O5 and 5.54, 3.35 and 10.53 for K2O, respectively. The ready reckoner for fertilizer doses with NPK alone and integrated use of NPK and FYM was also made using developed basic parameters for varying soil test values and desired yield targets of carrot yield.

Integrated Application of Composted Agricultural Wastes, Chemical Fertilizers and Biofertilizers as an Avenue to Promote Growth, Yield and Quality of Maize in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem

Formulating new integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM) strategies in order to sustain crop production and protect the environment has become an important issue in the present agricultural system. Therefore, a field study was carried out in the two seasons 2016 and 2017 to formulate the best IPNM strategies for improving the growth, yield, and quality of maize grown in an arid agro-ecosystem. The IPNM comprised full-dose NPK (T1); composted agricultural wastes based on cow manure (T2), poultry manure (T3), and a mixture of sheep and camel manure (T4) as activators at the rate of 5 t ha−1 for each; half-dose NPK was combined with the mixture of the three types of composted agricultural wastes at the rate of 5 t ha−1 (T5) or 10 t ha−1 (T6), and a mixture of the three types of composted agricultural wastes at the rate of 10 t ha−1 (T7), 15 t ha−1 (T8), or 20 t ha−1 (T9), either with or without biofertilizers. The results showed that, as compared to T1, T6 or T9 significantly increased different growth, yield, and quality parameters of maize by 11.4–27.3%, 0.8–31.8%, and 4.6–17.2%, while T2 significantly decreased these parameters by 2.2–17.8%, 3.5–16.7%, and 4.5–9.4%, respectively. Seed inoculation with biofertilizers significantly increased different parameters of maize by 1.8–12.9%, compared to that of the non-inoculation seed treatment. Principal component analysis showed a strong relationship between different parameters of maize and treatments T5, T6, T8, and T9 with seed inoculation. Further, a significant and linear relationship was observed between different parameters of maize and the amount of N (R2 = 0.65–0.77), P (R2 = 0.58–0.71), and K (R2 = 0.63–0.73). These results indicated that any IPNM strategies that manage the NPK status and dynamics in the soil are a promising avenue for improving the growth and productivity of maize grown in the arid agro-ecosystem.

Balanced fertilization for increasing and sustaining fruit quality and productivity-A Review

Balance nutrient management is an approach to soil health management that combines organic and mineral methods of soil fertilization with physical and biological measures for soil and water conservation. The indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides along with improper nutrient management is deleterious to the plant and soil health, environment and human being who consume them. It also causes soil health deterioration and disturbs the soil microorganisms. Due to these practices, the plants also become susceptible to several biotic and abiotic stresses. The quality attributes of different fruits are badly affected due to indiscriminate application of inorganic agro-chemicals which results in quality deterioration with less consumer preference and low returns to the growers. Thus, adequate mineral nutrition is a pre-harvest factor affecting fruit quality. Therefore, it is a holistic approach based on usage of all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated manner is considered as alternative source to maintain soil fertility and plant nutrient supply for sustaining the desired crop productivity. Due to huge distinction in the nutrient use efficiency of perennial fruit crops, their nutrient management- based production system is characteristically intricate to understand. Integrated plant nutrient management aims to optimize the condition of the soil, with regard to its physical, chemical, biological and hydrological properties, for the purpose of enhancing farm productivity, whilst minimizing land degradation. There are studies that integrated nutrient management provide tangible benefits in terms of higher yields, but simultaneously and almost imperceptibly conserve the soil resource itself along with produce quality. The replenishment of soil nutrients lost by leaching and/or removed in harvested products through an integrated plant nutrition management approach that optimizes the benefits from all possible on- and off-farm sources of plant nutrients. The review on balanced fertilization on a variety of fruit crops revealed similar combinations. These observations provided a countrywide database that INM module which consists of nutrient sources having three-tier nutrient release pattern, has far reaching consequences on soil and plant health translating into real guard production sustainability, nearer to climate resilient fruit crops.

Analyzing the Socioeconomic Determinants of Adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture in Nawalparasi District of Nepal

Climate change is an emerging global issue and its impact on agriculture of the developing countries has been increasing substantially in the last two-decade. Relevancy of issues how much the climate smart agricultural technologies were reaching at farm level and their economics of adoption were not properly studied in the past. Research examined the various climate smart agricultural technologies, the benefit of it and the socioeconomic factors affecting its adoption in the purposively selected Agyouli village of Nawalparasi district. For obtaining primary data from the respondents, 100 samples were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The study was done by direct interviews and focus group discussions with the selected respondents through the means of questionnaires and checklist respectively in May 2018. The results of the primary information further complemented by using secondary data collected from the published sources. The community seed bank, green manure, biogas, legume intercropping, improved varieties, integrated pest management and integrated plant nutrient management as climate smart agricultural technologies in the farms of adopters contributed significantly higher farm income, productivity, gross income and benefit-cost ratio of paddy production for the adopters by NRs. 24377.9, 1.5 t ha-1, NRs. 35298.7 and 0.88 respectively than non-adopters. Further analysis of binary logistic regression model assessed the significant effect of age of household head, economically active household members and the training on the likelihood of adoption of climate smart agriculture. The study recommends climate smart agricultural technologies throughout the country in the changing context of climate change.

Use of GIS in soil fertility mapping of Rapti Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal

Mapping the spatial distribution of soil fertility in a particular area gives an idea about the nutrient content in the soil which plays an im-portant role in fertilizer recommendation, sustainable soil manage-ment, integrated plant nutrient management, landuse planning, and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). A study was carried out to assess the soil fertility status of the Rapti Municipality, Chitwan, Ne-pal. A total of 120 soil samples was collected based on land use, slope, and aspects with the useof Google Earth Pro (GEP) and ArcGIS. Based on the soil test report spatial variation of soil texture, soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and potassium of the study area was prepared. The majority of the study area (57.11%) has sandy clay soils. The soil pH was very strongly acidic to slightly alkaline with pH values ranging from 4.8 to 8.0. Soil organic matter (1.94-3.75%), total nitrogen (0.097-0.187%), available phosphorous(51.03-270.10 kgha-1), and available potassium (169.87-358.68 kgha-1) in the soil are within the range of medium to high in the study area. To maintain this nutrient status, the use of organic manure, reduced use of chemical fertilizers, and different soil management practices should be adopted in this area.

Effect of soil incubation with organics on rhizosphere and bulk soil properties, root and alkaloid content of Withania somnifera L. Dunal and its performance in Jammu Division

Aim: To study the effect of soil incubation with organics on rhizosphere and bulk soil properties, biomass and alkaloid content of Withania somnifera as well as plant performance in soil of subtropical and intermediate zones of Jammu division. Methodology: The pot experiment of Withania somnifera consisted of 11 treatments laid in randomized block design in triplicate. Sampling was done at various days of soil incubation with organics viz. 30, 60, 120 and 180. The plant performance was studied at vegetative and seed maturity stages. In field experiment, the plant performance was studied in soils of subtropical and intermediate zones of Jammu division. Results: The soil properties, root and alkaloid content were found to be maximum in PSB + Azospirillum +Azotobacter + F.Y.M 20t ha-1 + Vermicompost 5t ha-1 treatment.? The?? effect of organics on rhizosphere? and bulk soil properties at days of? soil incubation yielded superior results with respect to soil health, biomass and? alkaloid content in Withania somnifera. Interpretation: The study indicated that soils of Jammu division is well suited for the cultivation of W. somnifera. The study provided framework to develop integrated plant nutrient management strategies in the subtropical region of this high value crop.

Effect of integrated plant nutrient management on growth, yield and leaf nutrient status of broadleaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa)

Effect of integrated plant nutrient management on growth, yield and leaf nutrient status of broadleaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa)

Review on nutrient management, cycles, flows and balances in different farming systems

Soil fertility management is continuously modified and adapted as conditions change in time and integrated plant nutrient management is a holistic approach to optimizing plant nutrient supply for the objective of adequately nourish the crop as efficiently as possible, while minimizing potentially adverse impacts to the environment Existence of life depends on continuous cycling of nutrients from the nutrient pool (in the abiotic component of environment) to the living beings and then back to the nutrient pool. These complex series of invisible, delicately balanced, and interrelated biochemical reactions fuel life on earth. Nutrients cycles have been substantially altered by human activities mainly agriculture with large positive and negative consequences for a range of ecosystem services and for human well-being and The presence of animals into the agricultural production system can modify the rates and flows of nutrient dynamics between the compartments of the system and Integrated crop-livestock systems can positively change the biophysical and socio-economic dynamics of farming systems, reestablishing sustainable rural development and promoting higher overall farm profitability. Soil nutrient balances reflect the net change in soil fertility and indicate trends in time, but do not necessarily determine the current state of soil fertility yet; soil nutrient balances can differ considerably between different crops, farming systems and agro-ecological zones.