Integrated Pest Management Technology Research Articles

Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Technologies against Fall Armyworm in Maize

Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Technologies against Fall Armyworm in Maize

An Updated Integrated Pest Management System: A Footprint for Modern-Day Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) stands out as a multifaceted approach, offering efficient, socially acceptable, and environmentally friendly pest management solutions in agriculture. It not only maximizes farmers' financial returns but also fosters environmental and human health benefits, contributing significantly to sustainable food production. However, challenges persist due to farmers' insufficient engagement in IPM technology development and a lack of understanding of its ecological principles. To address these challenges, the traditional ecological perspective of pest management has evolved into a more comprehensive IPM model. This modern approach integrates recent advancements in agricultural technology, leveraging contemporary communication tools, and responding to shifting consumer trends towards sustainably produced food systems. Additionally, heightened awareness of global trade and travel impacts necessitates a reconfiguration of IPM strategies. The enhanced IPM model encompasses four key components: identifying pest management alternatives, synthesizing knowledge and resources to develop effective management strategies, facilitating timely decision-making through information management, and fostering the dissemination of crucial information through outreach efforts. Moreover, the new model recognizes the interplay of human, environmental, social, and economic factors in food production. It places emphasis on the business aspect, involving producers, customers, and sellers, while also addressing sustainability considerations such as economic viability, environmental safety, and social acceptability. By integrating these elements, the revamped IPM approach holds the promise of doubling farmers' income, ensuring food security for all, and promoting overall health and well-being. It represents a holistic solution to pest management challenges, aligning with the broader goals of sustainable agriculture and enhancing the quality of food production for generations to come.

Production and characterization of Trichoderma asperellum chitinases and their use in synergy with Bacillus thuringiensis for lepidopteran control.

Despite their known negative effects on ecosystems and human health, synthetic pesticides are still largely used to control crop insect pests. Currently, the biopesticide market for insect biocontrol mainly relies on the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). New biocontrol tools for crop protection might derive from fungi, in particular from Trichoderma spp., which are known producers of chitinases and other bioactive compounds able to negatively affect insect survival. In this study, we first developed an environmentally sustainable production process for obtaining chitinases from Trichoderma asperellum ICC012. Then, we investigated the biological effects of this chitinase preparation - alone or in combination with a Bt-based product - when orally administered to two lepidopteran species. Our results demonstrate that T. asperellum efficiently produces a multi-enzymatic cocktail able to alter the chitin microfibril network of the insect peritrophic matrix, resulting in delayed development and larval death. The co-administration of T. asperellum chitinases and sublethal concentrations of Bt toxins increased larval mortality. This synergistic effect was likely due to the higher amount of Bt toxins that passed the damaged peritrophic matrix and reached the target receptors on the midgut cells of chitinase-treated insects. Our findings may contribute to the development of an integrated pest management technology based on fungal chitinases that increase the efficacy of Bt-based products, mitigating the risk of Bt-resistance development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Integrated Pest Management Technology in Cotton in Parbhani District of Maharashtra State: An Economic Analysis

The present investigation pertinent to this study was conducted in Manwat and Parbhani tahasil of Parbhani district. For the present study 70 cotton growers who follows IPM technology were selected in consultation with KVK subject matter specialists, Officials of State Agriculture department and Extension Agronomists. Further the sample of 70 farmers were divided into three categories viz., Low adopters, medium adopters, high adopters, based on their levels of adoption. To assess extent of adoption of various IPM technology of cotton the concept of TAI was used According to the study, only 17.14 per cent respondents were high level of IPM technology adopters, 14.28 per cent have adopted IPM at low level while highest i.e. 68.57 per cent farmers had adopted IPM technology at medium level.

Introducing an ecologically-based pest management approach in Cambodia through adaptive learning networks

How can we reach farmers with ecologically-based Integrated Pest Management (IPM) while creating a supportive context for adoption by farmers and relevant stakeholders? We assessed a new method – Adaptive Learning Networks – from reflections of varied stakeholders, farmer diaries and survey data procured in 2016 and 2019. This method is different from current IPM approaches, in that an explicit focus of learning was on engaging other stakeholders to enable adoption by farmers. For example, access to IPM products, providing new services and creating new policies were intrinsically part of the learning process, alongside learning on-farm IPM techniques. The main consideration is to ease farmers from being locked into the practice of pesticide reliance. The method facilitated multi-stakeholder learning that led to an adaptation of the IPM tools and techniques in the case examined. The priority of this new method was socio-technical learning, wherein varied stakeholders modify interactions, incentives and arrangements relating to pest management. Comparing 2016 and 2019 data, there was a significant reduction in insecticide, herbicide, and rodenticide applications. The observed outcomes indicate the potential to enable a wider spread of IPM technologies.

Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Technologies in Controlling Pink Bollworm by Cotton Growers in Nagpur District of Maharashtra, India

The present study was conducted in Nagpur district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. The study was taken up in Umred and Nagpur rural talukas of Nagpur district. 10 respondents were selected from 12 villages of these talukas which constitutes total number of 120 respondents. The findings of the research revealed the adoption level of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies in controlling pink bollworm by cotton growers. Most of cotton growers i.e., 60.84 per cent of cotton growers had medium level of adoption of IPM technology. Socio economic characteristics like Education, land holding, area under cotton cultivation, source of irrigation, annual income, source of information, extension contact, economic motivation and risk orientation were positively and significantly related with adoption of IPM for controlling pink bollworm. Whereas, age and farming experience were negatively significant with adoption of IPM for controlling pink bollworm and occupation was positively non- significant with adoption of IPM for controlling pink bollworm.

Analyzing the Factors Influencing the Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technology in Cotton in Rajasthan

Background: The model of sustainable agriculture mostly emphasizes on enhancing the efficacy of agrochemical usage by the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology, substitution of various inputs and practices with effective alternative technologies involving low energy utilization and plant/animal integration. Following the sustainable approach towards agriculture, a research has been conducted in the state of Rajasthan to identify the major factors that influence the adoption of IPM technology in Cotton. Cotton being the major crop of Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts for kharif season had an average area of 2.39 lakh hectares and average production of 7.44 lakh bales that constituted 51 per cent and 52 per cent of total area and production of Rajasthan, respectively during last five years ending 2016-17. Methods: On the basis of pest management strategy, farmers in the area were classified into three categories viz. farmers following conventional practice, farmers following IPM practice and farmers following both the practices, for the research. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors influencing adoption of IPM technology in the study area. A total of nine metric socio-economic variables of three groups of a total sample of 90 farmers from both the districts were taken for the study for the crop year 2017-18. The data were analyzed through suitable statistics: linear discriminant analysis and two-step cluster analysis. Result: It was found that ‘years of experience in current practice followed’, ‘number of workshops attended for current practice’, ‘years of education’, ‘years of experience in agriculture’ and ‘number of trainings attended for current practice’ are the major variables that discriminated among the three group of practices followed by the farmers of the study area. Among the selected significant discriminating factors, ‘higher education’, ‘higher number of workshops attended for current practice’ and ‘higher number of trainings attended for current practice’ were found to be the major influencing factors towards the adoption of IPM technology among the cotton growers in the study area. This study would facilitate the stakeholders involved in the dissemination of IPM technology as a measure for sustainable agriculture.

Validation and implementation of principles of the Integrated Pest Management concept - sustainability and current challenges in pest endemic pulse bowl of India

Insect pests and vascular diseases are the major constraints to pigeonpea production in Karnataka and primarily responsible for lower productivity. There is no substantial host plant resistance to key insect pests in currently adopted cultivars, however effective utilization of other components of pest management led to development of various integrated pest management (IPM) to minimize yield losses and protect the environment. In present studies, it is a total “system approach” to sustainable pest management involving seed treatment with microbials, synchronized sowing, modification in landscape and application of need-based pesticide spray. Spray schedule was combined with online pest monitoring system for the plant protection related advisories for the target region. The resultant IPM package implemented through farmer-managed operational scale plots and compared with non-IPM (normal farmer practices) across 7 taluks of Gulbarga district for 4 years (2010–2013 seasons). A total of 2197 farmer-managed demonstrations were conducted, giving a 5–104% yield advantage (district means) of IPM over farmers’ practice. Pest incidence data in IPM vis-à-vis non-IPM clearly indicates that pest can be managed by adopting IPM technology. Number of spray of pesticides could be reduced from 6 to 4. Pesticide residue analysis for 102 chemical pesticides for representative soil, water and grain samples drawn from IPM as well as non-IPM (farmers’ practice) fields, indicates their presence within the prescribed limits. Grain yields in IPM plots were generally 15–20% higher than in FP. Even with all the available inputs, the production is subject to residual production risk due to abiotic constraints (rainfall), diseases and insect pests, which often large farmers are able to bear. Here in present studies it has been clearly demonstrated that strategies are friendly and adoptable by the small and marginal farmers. Effective implementation of IPM practices by participating farmers demonstrated that remunerative and reliable yields could be obtained in this pest-prone environment and helps mitigate climate induced threat to agricultural development having relevance to other pigeonpea growing regions prone to similar pest pests.

Integrated Insect Pest Management Techniques for Rice

In modern agriculture, climate change, environmental degradation, and natural resource depletion constitute one of the major potential issues for sustainable crop production and environmental management. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a promising technology for the environment. Insect pests and weeds have long posed a danger to rice production systems, resulting in severe output losses. Although insect, pest, and weed control has remained the most efficient plant protection tool, environmental risks have prompted scientists to propose alternate pest management options. The understanding of sustainable conventional agriculture prompted the broad deployment of integrated pesticide management (IPM). IPM is a multimodal pesticide management method that aims to avoid negative environmental impacts. This method is critical for delivering healthy, sustainable food to the world’s rising population. Rice is a staple crop that many developing countries rely upon for national stability and economic progress. On the other hand, rice pests represent a major biotic barrier to world rice production. This review aims to provide information on major rice pests, their identification, biology, and various IPM treatments, particularly biological management strategies. To create a sustainable rice agroecosystem, continual research and training on IPM technologies will be required.

IPM Adoption and Impacts in the United States

Abstract Increased Integrated Pest Management (IPM) adoption hinges not only on the future of innovative research, but also on the willingness of growers to adopt new IPM technologies. Adoption and diffusion of innovations can encounter many different challenges. By better understanding the drivers of and barriers to IPM adoption, future research, extension, and education can better target behavior change. This study sought to better understand the IPM adoption drivers and barriers, along with the impacts of IPM, from the perspective of state IPM coordinators via an online Qualtrics survey. These professionals have a statewide perspective on IPM adoption. There were 37 completed surveys out of 56 email survey invitations, a 66% response rate. Overall, the participants ranked ‘high cost of practice’ as the most critical barrier to IPM adoption. ‘Difficulty of implementation’ and ‘lack of awareness’ were also highly ranked as critical barriers to adoption. When asked about ways to increase IPM adoption, participants ranked ‘improved cost-benefit analysis’ as the most critically important. Overall, these findings demonstrate the importance of providing improved IPM economic cost-benefit analyses to accompany the promotion of new and existing IPM innovations. Furthermore, even though the results of this study suggest that the impact of the Regional IPM Centers has been increasing regional IPM coordination, communication, collaboration, and cooperation. These findings also suggest a need for more comprehensive extension and education programs to specifically address the perceived ‘high cost of practice,’ ‘difficulty of implementation’, and ‘lack of awareness’ by communicating improved IPM cost-benefit analyses.

Knowledge and Farmers' Adoption of Green Production Technologies: An Empirical Study on IPM Adoption Intention in Major Indica-Rice-Producing Areas in the Anhui Province of China.

As a comprehensive technology with social, economic, and ecological benefits, integrated pest management (IPM) is crucial in fundamentally alleviating the environmental pollution caused by traditional high-input agriculture. Based on the random-sampled data of 981 farmer households in major Indica-rice-producing areas in Anhui Province, this study analyzes the impact of agricultural production knowledge on farmers' willingness to adopt IPM technology through logit models, considering integrated knowledge and categorized knowledge. The results indicate that integrated agricultural production knowledge significantly increases farmers' willingness to adopt IPM technology. However, pest-management knowledge was the only one out of four specific disciplines that significantly individually affect farmers' adoption intention. The more knowledge farmers acquire about pest management, the higher intention they have to adopt IPM. Some demographic and household characteristics also significantly influence their willingness. Based on these results, we suggest that increasing farmers' agricultural production knowledge, especially knowledge about pest management, is essential in promoting IPM technology. Besides this, IPM technology should be promoted purposely and consciously, combined with farmers' individual and family characteristics.

Research on the Impact of Members' Social Capital within Agricultural Cooperatives on Their Adoption of IPM in China.

Agricultural cooperatives are effective facilitators of green production technology promotion. What is the role of social capital within agricultural cooperatives with the most competitive advantage in technology promotion? Using the survey data of 465 citrus-planting cooperative members in Sichuan Province, this study uses the IV-probit model and mediating effect model to analyze the impact role of social capital within agricultural cooperatives on its members’ adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) technology. The bootstrap method is also used to test the robustness of the parameter estimates. The results show that: (1) the social capital within agricultural cooperatives has a significant positive impact on IPM adoption; (2) cooperative members’ IPM cognition has a partial mediating effect on the impact of the social capital within agricultural cooperatives on its members’ adoption of IPM technology (more than 51.37%). Therefore, among all the optional IPM technology promotion measures of cooperatives, multi-dimensional accumulation of the social capital within agricultural cooperatives and promotion of IPM technology awareness level of members is a viable path.

Management of Sucking Pests of early Season Cotton by Application of different Seed and Soil Insecticides in Pakistan

Cotton is cash crop of Pakistan and sucking insect pests are serious issue especially in early cotton season. To cope with the issue, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the post emergence effectiveness of two seed and two soil applied insecticides on populations’ development of sucking insect pests in cotton. The seed applied insecticides i.e. Imidacloprid (Confidor 70 WS) and Thiamethoxam (Actara 70 WS) were applied to the seed before sowing. Two granular insecticides i.e. Aldicarb (Temik 10 G) and Carbaryl (Sevin 10 D) were applied in furrows with a modified applicator that was calibrated to deliver the desired rate. The results showed that all the tested insecticides were very effective in controlling the targeted sucking insect pests i.e. thrips, whiteflies and jassids as compared to untreated cotton. Conversely, the seed applied insecticides i.e. Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam showed more effectiveness compared to soil applied granular insecticides i.e. Aldicarb and Carbaryl in reducing sucking pests’ populations. Such systemic insecticides applied as treated seed can be present in sufficient quantity in germinating plants leading to toxicity to pests, and helpful for safety of natural enemies. The population trends of the three principal sucking insect pests namely thrip, whitefly and jassid were varied significantly over the study months thereby indicating that the population build up was favoured by certain factors. Consequently, the use of seed applied insecticides can be a major component to put into practice in the integrated pest management technology of cotton.

Integrated Pest Management Technology as a Means to Cost Efficiency for Cotton Crop in Rajasthan, India

Aim: This research is an attempt to uncover the production opportunities of cotton grown with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology in Rajasthan, India.
 Study Design: The study is based on both descriptive and exploratory type of research design.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at Institute of Agri Business Management, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts of Rajasthan were selected under cotton cultivation for the study. The time duration of the project was for the crop year 2017–18.
 Methodology: The respondents for the study were cotton farmers following different pest control measures in the study area. Multistage stratified random sampling method was followed for the research. Two major districts of Irrigated North Western Plain Zone (Zone Ib) were purposely selected. Based on experts’ opinion, villages were selected under three technologies viz. IPM, conventional and mix of both technologies. The list of farmers following IPM and mix of both technologies was collected from Central Integrated Pest Management Centre (CIPMC), Sri Ganganagar and lists of farmers following conventional technology were collected from respective gram panchayats. The sample size for the study was limited to 90 in numbers. The selection of farmers was based on probability proportional to size (PPS) method on the basis of their land holdings from each village. The analysis was done by calculating returns over variable cost, benefit-cost ratio and resource use efficiency of data collected from the field.
 Results: The variable costs for the cultivation of cotton per hectare are ₹ 48001.78, ₹ 49105.66 and ₹ 48441.93 for the farmers following IPM, conventional and the mix of both technologies, respectively. The benefit to cost ratio in IPM was found to be the highest i.e. 2.23, followed by 2.04 for mix of both technology, and 1.85 for conventional technology. The estimation of resource use efficiency in cotton indicated the under-utilization of human labour in case of IPM and mix of both technologies and over-utilization of machine labour in case of conventional and IPM technology.
 Conclusion: The IPM technology was found to be economical for the farmers growing cotton in the study area. The resources like human labour, machine labour, fertilizers and manure as well as plant protection measures were suggested to be effectively utilized for better cost effectiveness among the farmers in the study area.

Sustainability and impact assessment of IPM in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa)

Integrated pest management (IPM) strategy has greatly contributed to a progressive commitment for sustainable agriculture in India. Long term studies conducted on validation and promotion of IPM in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) in district Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India resulted in a gradual enhancement in the area under IPM from 40 ha in 2010 by participation of 25 farmers to 990 ha in 2019 by participation of 654 farmers from 42 villages. Implementation of IPM technology resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the incidence of yellow stem borer (69.64%), leaf folder (70.9%), brown plant hopper (55.52%), bakane (90.98%) and the population of root-knot nematode (76.8%) over farmers’ practices (FP). It enhanced the population of predatory spiders (84.2%), beneficial soilnematodes (159.27%) and bio-agents, viz. Pseudomonas fluorescens (78.74%) and Trichoderma harzianum (81.34%) over FP. Application of chemical pesticides was reduced to 75.25 g/ha in IPM against 892.93 g/ha in farmers’ practice. The maximum residue level of buprofezin, a widely used insecticide, was recorded below detectable level in paddy grains. Long term studies indicated higher yield (38.0 q/ha) as well as benefit:cost ratio (3.6) in IPM as compared to FP yield (30.5 q/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (2.3) with 58.3% enhancement in net return over FP. Thorough analysis of the data indicated the availability of critical inputs, accessibility of farmers to subject matter specialists through Farmer Field Schools and market for IPM produces as the main factors responsible for sustainability and horizontal spread of IPM in Gautam Budh Nagar.

Insight on Fruit Fly IPM Technology Uptake and Barriers to Scaling in Africa

Tephritid fruit flies are considered one of the world’s most notorious pests of horticultural crops, causing extensive direct and indirect damage. Over the past two decades, a comprehensive, integrated pest management (IPM) package for the management of a plethora of fruit fly pests, including Bactrocera dorsalis, B. latifrons, B. zonata, Ceratitis cosyra, C. rosa, C. fasciventris, C. quilici, C. capitata, Dacus spp. and Zeugodacus cucurbitae, has been developed, disseminated and promoted among horticultural growers in Africa. To estimate the numbers of beneficiaries reached by the fruit fly IPM technology and the barriers to technology uptake, we interviewed 290 experts in 30 African countries covering five regions of the continent, and the responses collected were represented as follows: Southern Africa (39.1%), Eastern Africa (31.6%), Western Africa (18.0%), Central Africa (9.0%) and Northern Africa (2.0%). Our results revealed that the use of fruit fly IPM technologies varied across the regions, with Eastern Africa and Western Africa the leading regions, with the highest IPM technology penetration. Field sanitation remains the most common practice for managing fruit flies, followed by protein bait spray, use of biopesticides, male annihilation technique and parasitoid releases. According to the survey, over 101 million people have benefited from the fruit fly IPM interventions in the countries surveyed representing only 19.1% of the estimated beneficiaries. The region that benefitted the most was Eastern Africa (50.2 million), followed by Central and Western Africa (11.7 to 17.7 million), and Southern and Northern Africa had the fewest beneficiaries (10.4 to 11.0 million). The limitations to the IPM technologies uptake varied among the regions, but the common ones include a lack of awareness of the IPM technologies, a lack of access to the IPM products, insufficient training, a low involvement of private sectors and a lack of policies for the regulation of IPM technologies. Although significant strides have been made in promoting the fruit fly IPM technologies over the past two decades, our study reveals that the demand surpasses the current supply. Our study recommends a comprehensive strategy for the dissemination and promotion of the technologies through a multi-institutional alliance that enhances public and private partnerships, digital platforms and youth engagement to consolidate previous gains at the regional and continental levels.

The partial budget analysis of chilli pepper production using netting house IPM technology over the open field

Chili is one of the food-enhanced flavours and eaten by almost a quarter of people daily. One of the factors that influence chili production is pests and diseases infestation. Integrated pest management (IPM) both in the open field and under netting houses could control the chili pests and diseases infestation. The study aims to calculate the economic benefit of chili pepper production using the netting house IPM technology over the open field. The study was conducted from March to December 2021 in Lembang, West Java-Indonesia. Hot beauty chili variety was planted in the open-field and under netting house, each in the size of 1,000m2 by IPM technology. IPM technologies' return was compared to evaluate which IPM technology produces the bigger. Data were analysed using partial budget analysis. The results showed chili production using the technology of IPM netting house generated revenue twofold higher than the IPM open field. It is derived from the saving cost of other expenditures and the additional income. The total profit resulting from IPM netting house production over the open field was 153.5 million (round up). The additional benefit of the IPM under netting house chili pepper production per hectare was 80.9 million IDR.

REVIEW ON THE MANAGEMENT OF MOST PREVALENT INSECTS IN MUSTARD CROP

Many essential plants, including high-quality food and industrial oils, common vegetables, and weeds, belong to the Brassicaceae family, which includes the genus Brassica. The strong attack of many pests and diseases not only degrades the quality of crops, but also significantly affects the oil content of many oil-producing brassica crops. Aphids, a severe insect pest of Brassicaceae species, which include key vegetable and oilseed crops, have evolved with their host plant to become the most economically important insect pest of agricultural Brassicas. This page provides an overview of pest biology in general insect habit and nature of damage, scenario in case of Nepal and Asian countries and the management strategies for their population control which includes physical, cultural, biological, innovative methods, plantation of resistant varieties, chemical applications and integrated pest management technologies. Some cultural techniques to deal with the aphid population include fertilizer applications at the proper dose, irrigation, and resistant cultivars. For crop security, natural enemies are currently effective and spectacular.

Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture: A Case of Farmers’ Innovations and Integrated Fruit Fly Management in Kenya

The invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis poses a major threat to the production and trade of mango in sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers devise different innovations to manage the pest in an attempt to minimize yield loss and production costs while maximizing revenues. Using survey data obtained from Embu County, Kenya, we analyzed farmers’ knowledge and perception as regards the invasive fruit fly, their innovations for the management of the pest, and the determinants of their adoption and dis-adoption decisions of recently developed and promoted integrated pest management (IPM) technologies for suppression of the pest. The results show that farmers consider fruit flies as a major threat to mango production (99%) and primarily depend on pesticides (90%) for the management of the pest. Some farmers (35%) however use indigenous methods to manage the pest. Though farmers possess good knowledge of different IPM strategies, uptake is relatively low. The regression estimates show that continued use of IPM is positively associated with the gender and education of the household head, size of a mango orchard, knowledge on mango pests, training, contact with an extension officer, and use of at least one non-pesticide practice for fruit fly management, while IPM dis-adoption was negatively correlated with the size of the mango orchard, practice score and use of indigenous innovations for fruit fly management. We recommend enhancing farmer′s knowledge through increased access to training programs and extension services for enhanced adoption of sustainable management practices for B. dorsalis.

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY ON THE LIVELIHOODS OF SMALL-SCALE MAIZE PRODUCERS

Research background: In Kenya, maize production has been severely constrained by parasitic pests and weeds such as Striga, stem borer, and fall armyworm. The government of Kenya and its partners have developed, disseminated, and promoted the continual uptake of integrated pest management technologies such as Push-Pull technology (PPT) as a way of addressing these constraints. Understanding the effect of these technologies on smallholder livelihoods is crucial, however, it is largely ignored in the literature. Purpose of the article: This study evaluates the effect of continual uptake of PPT as an integrated pest management technology on livelihood outcomes of small-scale maize producers in Homa Bay County. Methods: A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 240 respondents. Cross-sectional data were gathered through face-to-face interviews using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire, and analysed using descriptive statistics and propensity score matching models. Findings & Value added: Findings were that age, education level, total land owned, perception on Striga weed, stem borer, and fall armyworm severity, and land tenure positively influenced continual uptake of PPT, whereas the distance to nearest administrative centre was negatively associated with it. Propensity score matching results revealed that continual uptake of PPT had a positive and significant effect on household consumption expenditure and household dietary diversity, with a negative impact on poverty. The study, therefore, recommended policies that will ensure efficiency, literacy development, extension training, and resource availability among PPT non-adopters and dis-adopters to the level of the PPT continuous users.