Integrated Pest Management Module Research Articles

Evaluation of integrated pest management module against fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda in maize

Evaluation of integrated pest management module against fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda in maize

Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Module against Pests of Ground Nut and Productivity, Profitability Analysis under Open Field Conditions

Background: Groundnut is an annual oilseed crop that is cultivated in many tropical and sub-tropical countries for its seed purpose. The productivity of groundnut has drastically reduced since 2015 due to an array of insect pests especially sucking pests have emerged as a prominent factor contributing to decreased yields in groundnut by direct damage as well as vectors of virus diseases. Methods: The integrated package of practices including seed treatment with fungicide (mancozeb @ 3 g/kg seed) followed by insecticide (imidacloprid @ 2 mL/kg seed) and new generation insecticides (imidacloprid, chlorpyriphos and flubendiamide) were evaluated against sucking pests (aphid, leaf hopper and thrips) and leaf feeders (Spodoptera litura) under open field conditions in scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh, India during 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23. The parameters regarding incidence of pests, population reduction after treatment imposition, safety to natural enemies, phytotoxicity effects, extension gap, technology gap and technology index, were worked out in farmer’s field and demonstration field. Result: In this present study imidacloprid 17.8 SL was performed well in controlling aphids, leaf hoppers and thrips in all the three seasons and flubendiamide 39.35 SC was concluded as best treatment against Spodoptera litura in all seasons. During all the study years, the benefic cost ratio of demo practice indicates (1.26, 1.01 and 1.04) when compared to farmers practice (0.71, 0.69 and 0.76), respectively for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Similarly, the average extension gap, technology gap and yield gap were worked out and ranged from (3.4, 3.1 and 5.3), (1.82, 4.23 and 1.82), (12.72, 11.36 and 19.46) for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Assessment of Integrated Pest Management Modules against Fall Army Worm and Its Economic Impact in Maize

Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the IPM modules and their economic impact against Fall Armyworm in maize through on farm trail (OFT).
 Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out in the farmers’ fields of Bhadradri Kothagudem district of Telangana during Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22.
 Methodology: The main objective of on farm trail is to test and evaluate the findings of the research stations at the farmer's field and to refine and modify the technologies, if required for better adoption by farmers. The KVK, Bhadradri Kothagudem conducted on farm trail for the management of fall armyworm in maize during Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22, as part of technical programme of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhadradri Kothagudem in KVK operational area of adopted villages.
 Results: In technology assessment plot (On farm trail) the treatments followed were avoiding staggered sowing of maize, installation of pheromone traps @ 8-10 per acre, clean cultivation, balanced application of fertilizers, erection of bird perches @10/acre, spraying of Azadiractin (1500ppm) to repel the egg laying and need based whorl application of Emamectin benzoate @ 0.5g/l and Metarrhizium anisopliae @ 5g/l of water, if more than8 adult moths were trapped in the pheromone trap for three consecutive days. It was compared with the farmers practice plots i.e application of Carbofuran 3G granules @ 3kg/acre and indiscriminate usage of fertilizers and insecticides. The experiment was conducted in five locations. The benefit cost ratio (BC Ratio) was higher in technology assessed plots with 2.78, 2.63 and 2.75 whereas BC ratio was comparatively lower in farmers practice plots with 2.43, 2:21 and 2.25 in corresponding Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively. 
 Conclusion: Technology assessed package proved its effectiveness among maize farmers with increased net returns, lower per cent of FAW incidence and high yield and BC ratio compared to the farmers practiceduring Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. Hence, this on farm trial proved to be feasible for demonstration in wide scale to farming community of Bhadradri Kothagudem district.

Validation of Integrated Pest Management Modules against Piercing and Sucking Insect Pest of Rice

Background: Rice is one of the most common cereal crops in India, which has been found attacked by several insect pests including hoppers, stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge and ear head bugs. Farmers typically employ insecticides as preventative and curative management which causes needless issues. Although integrated pest management (IPM) has been recommended to nullify the ill effects of chemicals pesticides, farmers are hesitant to employ the IPM’s components and mostly rely on pesticides. IPM integrates knowledge-based techniques of biological, cultural, physical, host plant resistance and chemical control strategies in order to limit pest populations considered economically acceptable. Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of IPM strategy improving upon the crop productivity. Methods: An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module comprising of spacing, introduction of natural enemies, application of botanicals, entomopathogenic fungi, installation of yellow sticky traps and chemical pesticide (Thiamethoxam) was assessed in comparison with Farmers Practice (FP) (usual routine followed by the farmer during the cropping season) in the farmer’s fields. Result: The pooled mean data of per cent leaf incidence by Nephotettix virescens ranged between 4.59-6.25% during the two years research in IPM module, while in farmers practices mean leaf damage varied between 8.09-8.61%. Similarly, the leaf damage caused by Nilaparvata lugens ranged between 4.88-7.61% as compared to 8.64-10% in the farmers practices. The BC ration was recorded to be 1: 7.6 and 1:6.85 during 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Evaluation of IPM modules against major sucking insect pests of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the major oilseed crops, contributing 45% of oilseed production in India. Being a cash crop, groundnut helps farmers to support themselves and their families. Additionally, it gives farm families access to nutrient-dense groundnut kernels, which are high in protein and energy and it also provides nutritious fodder (haulms) to livestock. Insect pest menace is one of the few essential biotic stresses contributing towards lower yield. The sucking pests like aphids, leafhoppers and thrips are the major biotic constraints for a crop like groundnut. Currently, farmers are accustomed to using synthetic insecticides to control their infestation. Unregulated insecticide use may also endanger farm-friendly insects. This practice must be replaced with some other methodologies such as integrated pest management modules. Therefore, present study was carried out to evaluate 11 different IPM modules including untreated (control) against sucking insect pests of groundnut during rainy (kharif) season of 2020 and 2021 at Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan. The maximum per cent reduction in sucking insect pests populations was observed in module M10 (farmer practices-imidacloprid) and mentioned as effective IPM module. The maximum pod yield of 27.08 q/ha was also obtained in the module M10. On the basis of cost benefit (B:C) ratio the module M10 gave the highest ratio (25.62) followed by M7 (12.35) and M1 (12.15).

Integrated Pest Management Of Field Crops

Insect pests, diseases, nematodes and weeds constitute major biotic stresses in crop production systems inflicting 15 to 25% or more yield losses. Adverse effects of pesticides can be countered through adoption of integrated pest management (IPM), which emphasizes harmonious use of safer and environment friendly methods of pest suppression. IPM works on the premise that all pest population levels are not injurious to crops. It is a knowledge intensive decision based activity and requires tools and techniques for its execution. IPM algorithm involves crop loss assessment, pest risk analysis, development of pest surveillance and forewarning methodology and decision support tools for harmonious integration of management tactics within the framework of Integrated Crop Management system. IPM modules for various field crops are based upon integration of resistant cultivars, cultural, mechanical and physical methods, natural enemies, biopesticides and pesticides to suppress pest population without jeopardizing the environment. Various organizations addressing the issue of plant health management need to converge in a mission mode to disseminate IPM throughout the country. This review covers the latest developments in these areas of IPM with main reference to India.

Evaluation of integrated pest management module formajor insect pests of castor in Tamil Nadu

Field trials were conducted during kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the integrated pest management (IPM) module against major insect pests of castor in comparison with farmer's practice and untreated control. The IPM module viz., application of Btk @ 1 g/l for management ofsemilooper (Achaea janata), monitoring of tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) using pheromone trap (@ 4/acre from 30 DAS to November) and collection and destruction of gregarious stages of defoliators, application of flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 0.2ml/l (for tobacco when foliar damage reaching 25%) and profenofos 50 EC @ 1ml/l (for capsule borer and or leafhopper when damage is reaching 10%) was found effective against insect pests in castor. After the treatment, mean population ofsemilooper (0.75 larva/plant), tobacco caterpillar (1.75 larva/plant), hairy caterpillar (0.67 larva/plant), capsule borer (1.02%), leafhopper (5.77 numbers/3 leaves/plant), and thrips (3.50 thrips/spike) was low in IPM module. Per cent parasitization by Microplitis maculipennis on semilooper larvae was highest (55.9%) in untreated control plots followed by IPM module plots (22.77%). Highest seed yield of 1770 kg/ha with favourable B:C ratio of 2.68 recorded from IPM module plot.

Evaluation of integrated pest management module for major insect pests of castor in Tamil Nadu

Field trials were conducted during kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the integrated pest management (IPM) module against major insect pests of castor in comparison with farmer's practice and untreated control. The IPM module viz., application of Btk @ 1 g/l for management ofsemilooper (Achaea janata), monitoring of tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) using pheromone trap (@ 4/acre from 30 DAS to November) and collection and destruction of gregarious stages of defoliators, application of flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 0.2ml/l (for tobacco when foliar damage reaching 25%) and profenofos 50 EC @ 1ml/l (for capsule borer and or leafhopper when damage is reaching 10%) was found effective against insect pests in castor. After the treatment, mean population ofsemilooper (0.75 larva/plant), tobacco caterpillar (1.75 larva/plant), hairy caterpillar (0.67 larva/plant), capsule borer (1.02%), leafhopper (5.77 numbers/3 leaves/plant), and thrips (3.50 thrips/spike) was low in IPM module. Per cent parasitization by Microplitis maculipennis on semilooper larvae was highest (55.9%) in untreated control plots followed by IPM module plots (22.77%). Highest seed yield of 1770 kg/ha with favourable B:C ratio of 2.68 recorded from IPM module plot.

Integrated Pest Management of Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)) in rice of Mancherial District, Telangana State, India

The present study on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) in rice has been conducted as a Front Line Demonstration (FLD) in the adopted villages of KVK, Bellampalli, Mancherial district of Telangana state during the kharif (June – December), season of 2018‒19, 2019‒20 and 2020‒21 respectively to create awareness among the farming community on the IPM practices to manage the pest. The adoption of IPM practices includes formation of alleyways, recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer, alternate wetting and drying, spraying of need based insecticides like Dinotefuran 20 SG @ 0.4 g or Pymetrozine 50 WDG @ 0.6 g l-1 of water were carried out. The study reveals that the lowest hoppers incidence was witnessed in the demonstrated plot with 1.84, 12.18 and 19.0 adults hill-1 in tillering stage and 7.76, 24.95 and 52.38 adults hill-1 in panicle stage over farmers practice (3.33, 35.40 and 25.42 adults hill-1 in tillering stage and 19.84, 50.30 and 63.47 adults hill-1). The average yields of IPM module demonstrated plot was 7130, 5513 and 5065 kg ha-1 whereas in farmer practice the yield was 6733, 4851 and 4768 kg ha-1 during Kharif (June–December), 2018‒19, 2019‒20 and 2020‒21 respectively with an increased yield of 5.88%, 13.64% and 6.22% during corresponding Kharif (June–December), 2018‒19, 2019‒20 and 2020‒21. Further the Cost-Benefit ratio of 1.88, 2.68 and 1.78 in the technology demonstrated plots whereas in farmers practice the recorded Cost-Benefit ratio of 1.43, 1.94 and 1.48 during corresponding Kharif (June–December), 2018‒19, 2019‒20 and 2020‒21 respectively.

Development and validation of integrated pest management modules against spotted pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius on garden bean Lablab purpureus var. typicus (L.)

To reduce the detrimental effect of insecticides, an effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module is necessary for the eco-friendly management of Maruca vitrata in garden bean ecosystem. Two field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides and botanicals against M. vitrata on Lablab purpureus var. typicus. Two seasons field evaluation of insecticides revealed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC was the most effective treatment to control the pest recorded 0.11 and 0.36 larva/plant in two seasons, respectively after two rounds of spray followed by flubendiamide 20 WG (0.46 and 0.92 larva/ plant) and emamectin benzoate 5 SG (0.50 and 0.95 larva/plant). Among botanicals tested, commercial neem formulation and 5% Ageratina adenophora recorded the least larval count of 1.64 & 1.05 larva/plant and 2.24 & 1.45 larva/plant in two seasons, respectively. IPM modules were developed with three effective insecticides (chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, flubendiamide 20 WG and emamectin benzoate 5 SG), two effective botanicals (commercial neem formulation 1500 ppm and 5% A. adenophora) along with the pheromone trap for validation. All the IPM modules were equally effective in managing M. vitrata population on L. purpureus and recorded a significantly (at 5 %) lower larval population than the farmer’s practice. The residues of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide and emamectin benzoate reached below the detectable level at the time of harvest. The population reduction of predatory coccinellids and spiders was also lower in IPM modules than in farmer’s practice. An increased benefit cost (1.95 to 1.99) ratio was observed in IPM modules.

Field efficacy of Isaria fumosorosea alone and in combination with insecticides against Aleurodicus rugioperculatus on coconut

BackgroundThe rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), an exotic polyphagous pest and its infestation was documented on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) for the first time in India during 2016. RSW has attained a serious pest on many economically important crop plants due to its damage severity and rapid spread across the country in a short span of time. Hence, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), Isaria fumosorosea alone as well as in combination with a reduced dose of few insecticides against RSW on coconut to devise a sustainable integrated pest management module. Thirty-two randomly selected RSW-infested coconut palms were labelled, and eight treatments with four replications were used in a randomized complete block design during the summer months (April and May) during 2021. Two sprays were performed at 15-day intervals, at a rate of 5 L/palm, and observations on infestation/palm (%), intensity (%) and mean live colonies of RSW were recorded.ResultsThe results revealed that the combination of I. fumosorosea (ICAR-NBAIR Pfu-5) @ 5 ml/l + profenophos 50 EC @ 2 ml/l spray significantly reduced per cent infestation of RSW (82.97%), per cent intensity of RSW (80.49%) and mean RSW live colonies (79.68%) followed by combination of I. fumosorosea (ICAR-NBAIR Pfu-5) @ 5 ml/l + buprofezin 25% SC @ 1.25 ml/l spray significantly reduced per cent infestation of RSW (79.35%), intensity of RSW (74.79%) and mean RSW live colonies (74.20%) over I. fumosorosea (ICAR-NBAIR Pfu-5) @ 5 ml/l alone and untreated control. A combination of I. fumosorosea (5 ml/l) + profenophos 50 EC (2 ml/l) spray twice at an interval of 15 days was found effective in reducing the RSW population on coconut.ConclusionsThe present study concludes that the RSW can be controlled effectively by I. fumosorosea alone and in combination with novel insecticides at a reduced rate which showed better toxicity, ovicidal action and preserve natural enemies and reduced environmental load of chemical pesticides.

Biorational Based IPM Module for the Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes Orbonalis in Brinjal

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the integrated pest management module against L.orbonalis in brinjal under field conditions. The brinjal fruit obtained Salem district is being sell to other states. Due to this massive requirement, farmers have a tendency to spray a higher number of pesticidal sprays to thwart slight damage or bore hole due to L.orbonalis. Crop damage produced by brinjal shoot and fruit borer was evaluated on the basis of damaged shoot and fruits separately. In order to assess the per cent shoot damage, the damaged shoots on five randomly selected tagged plants were counted as against total available shoots on the observed plants. In present study, Kharif and Rabi season recorded highest fruit yield of 288.71 and 307.50 quintals/ha and favorable cost benefit ratio of 1:2.07 and 1: 2.03 was recorded in IPM module plot respectively.

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEST MANAGEMENT MODULES AGAINST VECTOR AND SUCKING PESTS OF BITTER GOURD

<p class="abstrakinggris">Bitter gourd, <em>Momordica charantia </em>Linn., is one of the most important traditional vegetable in India. Infestations of sucking pests especially jassid, and whitefly occurred thorough out the crop growth period in the region. For ecofriendly management, different pest management modules <em>viz</em>., bio-intensive, chemical, and integrated modules were evaluated against these sucking pests and compared under field conditions during 2019–2021. Among the three tested modules, the integrated pest management (IPM) comprised seed treatment with imidacloprid @ 5–10 g kg<sup>-1 </sup>of seed, installation of yellow sticky traps @ 25–30 ha<sup>-1</sup>, border crop with maize, spraying of azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 10 ml L<sup>-1</sup>, thiamethoxam @ 1 g 3<sup>-1</sup> L, imidacloprid @ 1 g 12<sup>-1</sup> L, cyantraniliprole @ 1.8 ml L<sup>-1</sup>, neem oil (0.5%) + <em>Lecanicillium lecanii</em> @ 2.5 g L<sup>-1</sup>, and neem oil (0.5%) + <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> @ 2.5 g L<sup>-1</sup> from 20 to 70 days after sowing at 10 days intervals each harboured lowest whiteflies population (0.63 per leaf) with maximum per cent reduction over control of 70.14. The number of predatory lady bird beetles and polyphagous spiders were also higher. The highest healthy fruit yields (171, 179, and 153 q ha<sup>-1</sup>) were recorded from the IPM module for three consecutive years (2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively). In terms of return, maximum net profit of ₹71,211 was obtained from the IPM module with the highest incremental cost-benefit ratio of 1:5.18. Therefore, the IPM module could be a viable ecofriendly option in the management of the sucking pests of bitter gourd, along with the conservation of natural enemies.</p>

Evaluation of integrated pest management module for pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and its economic analysis under farmer’s field conditions

Evaluation of integrated pest management module for pink bollworm, <i>Pectinophora gossypiella</i> (Saunders) and its economic analysis under farmer’s field conditions

Assessment of Integrated Pest Management Module for Management of Pod Borer in Chickpea

A On Farm Trial (OFT) on Assessment of Integrated Pest Management module for management of pod borer in chickpea was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Lalitpur. The practices such as cultural and mechanical, biological and need based chemical practices were followed in IPM plot. The IPM practices deep summer ploughing, use of pheromone traps @ 5 traps / ha for Monitoring purpose, Bird perches @ 50/ ha, HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha and Emamectin benzoate @ 220 gm/ha gave average yield 19.85 q/ha as compared to farmers practices i.e 14.5 q/ha. The per cent increase in yield over control was 35.91 and 37.83 during 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. The net return was Rs. 73120/-, Rs. 76260/- and Rs. 46550/-, Rs. 47320/- in IPM plot and Non IPM plot during 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. The average benefit cost ratio was 3.1 and 1.8 in IPM plot and Non IPM plot, respectively.

&lt;i&gt;Beauveria bassiana&lt;/i&gt; as an effective IPM component against cotton stem weevil &lt;i&gt;Pempherulus affinis&lt;/i&gt; Faust

The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in reduction of cotton stem weevil in ecofriendly manner is attaining importance in recent days. In present study, three treatments including IPM module 1, IPM module 2 and farmers’ practice were imposed against cotton stem weevil in a field trial. Among the three treatments, IPM module 2 which included basal application of FYM 25 t/ha and 250 kg/ha of neem cake, seed treatment with Beauveria bassania @10g/kg of seed, border crop with Hibiscus cannabinus, soil drenching with Imidacloprid 17.80 SL @ 25 g a.i./ha (125 ml/ha) at 15 DAS and placement of cotton stem bits (25 kg/500box/ha) + Hibiscus cannabinus stem bits (25 kg/500box/ha) + Chlorpyriphos dust 1.5 DP (2.5 kg/500box/ha) @ 30 DAS followed by earthing up @ 30 DAS recorded least stem weevil infestation of 13.21% with a yield of 1642.75 kg/ha. It was followed by IPM module 1 (21.78%) and farmers’ practice (33.56%) with yield of 1456.25 kg/ha and 1588.25 kg/ha, respectively. The mean survival of plants was also higher in IPM module 2 (94.28%) followed by farmers’ practice (88.57%) and IPM module 1 (80.00%).

Evaluation of different integrated pest management modules against Thrips parvispinus Karny in chilli

Evaluation of different integrated pest management modules against Thrips parvispinus Karny in chilli

Potentiality of Novel Chitosan-O-Arginine as Insecticidal and Growth Inhibitory Compound against Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella L. on Cauliflower

Chitosan (Cs), a natural biodegradable polysaccharide polymer, prepared from sea waste of crustacean origin, has the potential for plant protection application. In the present study, a novel chitosan derivative, called Chitosan-O-Arginine, synthesized from crude chitosan, was evaluated for its chronic toxicity against second instar larvae of Plutella xylostella by leaf dip method. The results revealed the toxic potential of Chitosan-O-Arginine, which could inflict cent per cent mortality after four days of continuous feeding on the 1000 ppm treated leaf, and the larva could accomplish 0.12 mg weight (99.66% reduction) on the day before death. The next lower concentration (700 ppm) resulted in the maximum larval weight of 0.45 mg (93.71% reduction) after nine days of feeding and resulted in cent per cent mortality after the tenth day. While the untreated larva attained a maximum weight of 5.54 mg. All the larvae were pupated in the next lower concentration (500 ppm) and recorded minimum pupal (1.00 mg; 80% reduction) and adult (0.73 mg; 77.45% reduction) weight, whereas the untreated pupa and adult weighed the maximum of 5.00 mg and 3.20 mg. Considering the developmental period, there was no significant difference in the larval duration and adult life span. While there was an extension of the pupal period by one day at 500 ppm compared to untreated larva. The larval, pupal, and adult malformations were noticed in 300 and 100 ppm concentrations. These findings suggest that chitosan was potent in imposing chronic toxicity and growth inhibitory effect on P. xylostella larvae, and hence it can be recommended as an eco-friendly component in the Integrated Pest Management module.

Development of integrated rodent management module in pea crop

Survey of pea crop in different districts of Punjab revealed severe rodent damage to pea crop. Therefore, there is a need to develop integrated rodent pest management (IRPM) module in this crop. Three to six blocks (each of 0.4 ha) of pea crop were selected in Ludhiana, Fatehgarh Sahib and Sangrur districts for determining critical timing of rodent damage and to develop integrated rodent management technology for effective rodent management in pea crop. Rodent population was assessed before and after the treatments as well as during different stages of crop by burrow count method. Results revealed that rodents start making their burrows on bunds at early stage of crop and start migrating inside fields at pod formation stage. At this stage, single symptomatic burrow baiting with 0.005% bromadiolone or with 2% zinc phosphide bait along with timely weed management and physical elimination of rodents during irrigation prevented rodent damage.

Evaluation of IPM module against major insect pests of green gram, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of integrated management practices over farmers’ practices against insect pest complex of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) during kharif season in the ‘A-B’ Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya in 2019. The results revealed that the incidence of all of the insect pests viz. whitefly, pulse aphid, jassid, flower thrips, gram pod borer, spotted pod borer, blue butterfly, plant bug and pod bug was recorded comparatively less in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plot as compared to farmers’ practices. The seed yield of green gram was also recorded a higher (1382.22 kg ha-1) in plots treated with integrated approaches as compared to farmer’s practices (476.94 kg ha-1). IPM module recorded maximum cost benefit ratio along with higher gross return and net profit as against farmers’ practices.