Farm Integration Research Articles

Miniaturization of an Offshore Platform with Medium-Frequency Offshore Wind Farm and MMC-HVDC Technology

Offshore wind power has great development potential, for which the key factors are reliable and economical wind farms and integration systems. This paper proposes a medium-frequency wind farm and MMC-HVDC integration system. In the proposed scheme, the operating frequency of the offshore wind farm and its power collection system is increased from the conventional 50/60 Hz rate to the medium-frequency range, i.e., 100–400 Hz; the offshore wind power is transmitted to the onshore grid via the modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission (MMC-HVDC). First, this paper explains the principles of the proposed scheme in terms of the system topology and control strategy aspects. Then, the impacts of increasing the offshore system operating frequency on the main parameters of the offshore station are discussed. As the frequency increases, it is shown that the actual value of the electrical equipment, such as the transformers, the arm inductors, and the SM capacitors of the rectifier MMC, can be reduced, which means smaller platforms are required for the step-up transformer station and the converter station. Then, the system operation characteristics are analyzed, with the results showing that the power losses in the system increase slightly with the increase of the offshore AC system frequency. Based on time domain simulation results from power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC), it is noted that the dynamic behavior of the system is not significantly affected with the increase of the offshore AC system frequency in most scenarios. In this way, the technical feasibility of the proposed offshore platform miniaturization technology is proven.

Evaluation of the trophic structure and energy flow of a rice-crayfish integrated farming ecosystem based on the Ecopath model

Rice field integrated farming combining aquaculture and rice cultivation effectively stabilizes food security and maintains sustainable agricultural development. To analyze the trophic structure and energy flow of rice field integrated farming ecosystem, the food web model of a rice-crayfish ecosystem was developed based on the Ecopath model approach. The functional group with the highest ecotrophic efficiency (EE) value was crayfish Procambarus clarkii (0.97), and those with the lowest EE values were chironomid larvae and benthic bacteria (0.02) in the rice-crayfish systems. The effective trophic level of P. clarkii was 2.20 with consumer consumption share of 19%. The transfer efficiency of trophic level II was 3.90% in the rice-crayfish system. The total system throughput was 19,262 g/m2/90 days, showing very high scale and activity. The rice-crayfish ecosystem showed high value of Finn's cycling index (0.266), and low value of connectance index (0.252) and system omnivory index (0.053). Therefore, the food web model structures of the rice-crayfish integrated farming ecosystem in this study was unstable, simple, and linear. The carrying capacity of P. clarkii was 138.85 g/m2. Ecosystem properties such as scale, energy consumption, and stability indicated that this farming model has room for improvement, and rice-crayfish integrated farming should be further optimized to improve energy utilization, stability, and comprehensive benefits based on the different ecosystem properties.

Market Participation of Smallholder Farmers and Food Crop Productivity: Evidence from Burkina Faso

Subsistence farming is frequently viewed as a low yielding and inefficient to ensure sustainable food security in sub-Sahara Africa. Commercial agriculture induces profit maximization and promotes on-farm investment. However, for most farmers in Burkina Faso, home consumption is the main objective of the agricultural production activities. Using survey data collected over 1178 farm households, this paper analyses the effects of participation of smallholder farmers in the output market on input use and food crop productivity in Burkina Faso. We estimate a Tobit model of the relationship between market participation (measured by the proportion of crop sold) and fertilizer use. The results show that an increase in level of sale leads to an increase in the level of fertilizer adoption. We also estimate a model of production using the instrumental variable regression approach to correct for the endogeneity of the crop commercialization index. The findings indicate that agricultural commercialization has a positive and significant effect on food crop productivity. This means that higher integration of farmers to markets increases their incentives to adopt new technologies which results in yield growth. Therefore, the findings confirm the need for promoting market participation of smallholders to induce technological change and productivity growth of agriculture in Africa.

An Environmental Assessment of Cattle Manure and Urea Fertilizer Treatments for Corn Production in the Northern Great Plains

HighlightsThe Integrated Farm System Model appropriately represented average emission rates measured in corn production.Compared to the use of feedlot manure, application of bedded pack manure generally increased N and P losses.Compared to inorganic fertilizer use, cattle manure increased soluble P loss while reducing GHG emission.Production and environmental differences among production systems were similar under recent and future climates.Abstract. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) emissions from livestock systems have become important regional, national, and international concerns. Our objective was to use process-level simulation to explore differences among manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments in a corn production system used to feed finishing cattle in the Northern Great Plains region of the U.S. Our analysis included model assessment, simulation to compare treatments under recent climate, and comparisons using projected midcentury climate. The Integrated Farm System Model was evaluated in representing the performance and nutrient losses of corn production using cattle manure without bedding, manure with bedding, urea, and no fertilization treatments. Two-year field experiments conducted near Clay Center, Nebraska; Brookings, South Dakota; and Fargo, North Dakota provided observed emission data following these treatments. Means of simulated emission rates of methane, ammonia, and nitrous oxide were generally similar to those observed from field-applied manure or urea fertilizer. Simulation of corn production systems over 25 years of recent climate showed greater soluble P runoff with use of feedlot and bedded manure compared to use of inorganic fertilizers, but life-cycle fossil energy use and greenhouse gas emission were decreased. Compared to feedlot manure, application of bedded pack manure generally increased N and P losses in corn production by retaining more N in manure removed from a bedded housing facility and through increased runoff because a large portion of the stover was removed from the cornfield for use as bedding material. Simulation of these treatments using projected midcentury climate indicated a trend toward a small increase in simulated grain production in the Dakotas and a small decrease for irrigated corn in Nebraska. Climate differences affected the three production systems similarly, so production and environmental impact differences among the fertilization systems under future climate were similar to those obtained under recent climate. Keywords: Climate change, Greenhouse gas, Integrated Farm System Model, Nutrient losses.

Identification of a suitable crop sequence module for integrated farming system of telangana (India) under irrigated situation

A field experiment was conducted for two years (2017-2019) at the College Farm, AICRP on Integrated Farming Systems unit, PJTSAU, Hyderabad (India) to identify the profitable cropping system module for different integrated farming systems under irrigated situation in sandy loam soils of Southern Telangana zone, Telangana (India). Among the ten cropping systems evaluated, sweet corn-vegetable (tomato) system was found more remunerative with B:C ratio 3.54, followed by okra-marigold-beetroot system with B:C ratio of 2.92. Among the ecological cropping systems for improving the soil health, Bt cotton + green gram (1:3)-groundnut cropping system gave significantly higher rice grain equivalent yield (13,687 kg ha-1), however the net returns were high (₹ 1,37,259 ha-1) in pigeon pea + green gram (1:7)-sesame cropping system. Out of the two systems tested to meet the household nutritional security, pigeon pea + maize (1:3)-groundnut system gave higher rice grain equivalent yield (13,772 kg ha-1) with higher net returns (? 1,35,959 ha-1). Within the two fodder crops/cropping systems, fodder maize-lucerne system showed higher B:C ratio (1.64). Fodder systems were more exhaustive than all other cropping systems. However, within two years of experimentation the changes in physicochemical properties and soil fertility status were not significantly affected.

ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI SAYURAN KANGKUNG DI KECAMATAN PAAL MERAH KOTA JAMBI

This study aims to describe farming activities kale in District Paal Merah city of Jambi, knowing sustainability index farm kale from the dimensions of the ecological, economic and social, as well as to determine the factors that affect adoption of sustainable farming kale in District Paal Merah city of Jambi. Methods of data analysis using descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis using MDS (Multi Dimension Scale) doped with Rapfish application. In addition, to determine the factors that affect the linear regression.
 The result showed that: (1) The results of the analysis of vegetable farming income in the study area showed that vegetable farming that farmers provide benefits for farmers. The average farmer's income earned in the District of Paal Red kale Rp. 1.231.125,67;-, with the cost of Rp. Rp. 910.728,50;- and the reception received by farmers Rp 2.141.854,17;-. (2) The results of the analysis of the value of sustainable farming in the district kale Red Paal at 61.42. The figure shows the level of integration of sustainability kale farm in the District of Red Paal quite sustainability. With the analysis of the ecological dimensions of sustainability index of 71.27%, 57.10% of the economic dimension and the social dimension of 55.88%. (3) Based on the results of t-test analysis showed that, the value of sustainable farming in the district kale Red Paal farmers are affected by age. When viewed from the significance value then age watercress farmers have significant influence with age farmers. While the experience factor, farmers' income and education did not significantly affect the farmers to adopt sustainable farming values kale.
 Keywords: farming kale, sustainability index, factors that affecting

The Welfare Level of the Households of Minapadi Farmers in Epeesi Village, Basala Sub-District, South Konawe District

This research was motivated by the number of farmers who work on minapadi system (paddy-fish integration farming system) in Epeesi Village, Basala Sub-District, South Konawe District in which the welfare level of the minapadi farmers community in the village is not yet known. The purpose of this study was to determine the welfare level of minapadi farmers in the region. The determination of the research area was carried out purposively with the consideration that the village was one of the villages that developed minapadi system in South Konawe District. This research was done in January-February 2020. The number of respondents was 36 households working on minapadi farming system. Data analysis was performed using the indicators from BKKBN and quantitative descriptive analysis technique with cross tables and percentage analysis. The results showed that the average minapadi farmers in Epeesi Village were in KS I with a percentage of 41.67%, so that the welfare level of minapadi farmers in Epeesi Village was still classified low. This is because the community of minapadi farmers has not met all indicators set by BKKBN namely basic needs, psychological needs, development needs, and self-esteem.

Studies on integration of different capacity offshore wind farms in power grid

This work is in continuation of our earlier pre-feasibility study that was carried out to investigate the prospects of constructing an offshore wind farm in the coastal region of south India. After selection of the suitable site and optimal wind turbine, another challenge was to penetrate wind energy in the grid. The present study aims to select an economical and technically feasible connection point in the test grid for wind farm integration. For each of the seven available connection points, load flow analysis was done using MATLAB, to assess how grid reacts to the power produced by different capacity wind farms. Results of the present study suggest that the offshore wind farms consisting of 10 to 23 turbines (RE power 6.2M), may be connected at grid point C, where the voltage level after penetration of wind farm was found to be within the acceptable range.

A study on farmers’ choice in integrating paddy and cattle farming as farm management practices

The study was conducted to examine the farmers’ choice on the technology of the paddy and cattle integration farming and determine factors that affected the integrated adoption. Primary data were collected through personal interview from 198 respondents divided into three categories (‘no integration’, ‘partial integration’, and ‘full integration’) based on the farmer’s utilization of manure and crop residues at Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Then, the data were analyzed by multinomial logit by using ‘no integration’ as a baseline. The results revealed that 60.6% of farmers had applied ‘full integration’, although most farmers rarely adopt both fermentation and composting technology. In conclusion, formal education, frequency of training, and farming experience were found significant in affecting the integration of paddy and cattle farming practice.

Introducing Animal-Assisted Intervention for Special Education in Integrated Farming System

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects an individual’s social skills, communication skills and repetitive behaviours. Due to these factors, an autism learning environment has to be purposely-built to cater for the sensory needs of these learners. In special education practice, animal-assisted intervention has become popular over recent years to this end. This study aims to analyse the practice of animal-assisted intervention in an autism learning environment with the aid of a sustainable system called an integrated farming system. The study is conducted using mixed methods, involving content analysis of the technical information and detailed drawings of an integrated farming system, as well as an online survey about the implementation of the intervention in autism classrooms via such a system. Our findings show that the technical drawings for implementing an integrated farming system in the built environment represent an architectural intervention. The online survey also shows positive feedback from experts in autism services. The study concludes that animal-assisted autism learning is a promising future model for special education. It also suggests that an integrated farming system is a potential nature-based livestock farming solution to include animals in a farm-based autism educational setting. This could serve as a reference and basis for future architects or researchers to extend the research or implement animal-assisted interventions in real practices.

The Excellence of Cocoa-Goat Integrated Farming in the Implementation of Zero Waste Concept

The problem for farmers in Suruh Village is having two types of farming which are cacao-goat integrated system farmer and cacao-goat non-integrated system farmer. Cacao-goat integrated system conducts cacao farming with goat livestock while for the cacao-goat non-integrated system does not conduct goat livestock. Farmer's interest is different in conducting cacao farming system. The aim of cacao-goat integration system is obtaining manure as organic fertilizer by the expectation to save fertilization cost so that farmer's income with the cacao-goat integrated farming system will be different with non-integrated one because seen from the maintenance cost because of manure. In this study, we dig pattern analysis information of the cacao-goat integrated farming system to find out cacao-goat integrated system and income difference of cacao-goat integrated and non-integrated systems so that it aims to find out the pattern difference of cacao-goat integration farming The research result shows that cacao-goat integrated system by the utilization of cacao waste (bark, leaf), intercropped plant (avocado, cassava, stink beans) as the animal feed of goat). Goat livestock produces feces that can be used as cacao compost fertilizer after 12 months of fermentation. The average income of the cocoa-goat non-integration farmer is USD 1,184.91/Ha/Year, while for the cocoa-goat non-integration farmer has the average income of USD 854,673/Ha/Year. There is a significant difference between cacao-goat integrated farming income and cacao-goat non-integrated farming income.

Growth and Economics of Silver Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) in Rice-fish-vegetable Integrated Culture System at Different Stocking Densities in a Rainfed Arid Zone

Sustainable integrated farming involving the combination of rice-fish-vegetables requires advanced technology to be adopted in crop production in arid zones characterized by red or yellow soil. In the present study, we used suitable and varying stocking densities of Silver barb (Barbonemus gonionotus) and evaluated in a structured production and economic framework under four treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4) assigned with a stocking density of 10, 20, 30 and 40 fish/decimal, respectively. We used standard methods of water, soil, and plankton monitoring of the rice field. The study showed that lower stocking density provided the fish with more spaces and less competition for food resulting in higher growth performance in T1 compared to other treatments. Although stocking density did not show any significant (P>0.05) effect in rice, straw and vegetable production in all the treatments, the highest rice and straw production at T4 could be ascribed to the improvement in soil fertility by the accumulation of fish excreta and subsequent release of nutrients from the soil by the higher number of fish in that treatment. The best fitted polynomial regression line obtained between gross yield and net yield with different stocking densities of Silver barb described an inevitable fluctuation in net yield of fish with increasing stocking density. Despite the stable growth performance of fish in T1, a combined effect of lower total input cost, higher yield of fish and rice, and economical vegetable production, T2 showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher total return. Furthermore, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for rice-fish-vegetables integrated culture system in the rain-fed rice field was also high. In conclusion, this study revealed that maintaining a stocking density of 20 fish/decimal was economically profitable for rice-fish-vegetables integrated culture systems in arid zones on a global scale.

Perceived Climate Variability and Compounding Stressors: Implications for Risks to Livelihoods of Smallholder Indian Farmers.

Micro-scale perspectives are seldom included in planned climate change adaptations, yet farmers' perceptions can provide useful insights into livelihood impacts from interactions between climatic and other stressors. This research aims to understand how climate variability and other stressors are impacting the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Azamgarh district, eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Data from 84 smallholder farmers were collected using mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches, including interview and participatory methods, informed by multiple stressor and sustainable livelihood frameworks. Results revealed that farmers are increasingly facing problems caused by the reduced duration and number of rainy days, and erratic rainfall. Anomalies in seasonal cycles (longer summers, shorter winters) seem to have altered the local climate. Farmers reported that repeated drought impacts, even in years of moderate rainfall, are adversely affecting the rice crop, challenging the formal definition of drought. Climate variability, identified as the foremost stressor, often acts as a risk multiplier for ecological (e.g., soil sodicity), socio-economic (e.g., rising costs of cultivation) and political (e.g., mismatching policies and poor extension systems) stressors. In addition to climate stresses, resource-poor marginal groups in particular experienced higher risks resulting from changes in resource management regimes. This study provides an important cue to revisit the formal definitions of normal rainfall and drought, accommodating farmers' perceptions that evenly distributed rainfall, and not total rainfall is a key determinant of crop yields. Though India has developed adaptive measures for climate change and variability, integration of farmers' perceptions of climate and other stressors into such policies can improve the resilience of smallholder farmers, who have hitherto depended largely on autonomous adaptation strategies.

Harnessing the Microbiomes of Suppressive Composts for Plant Protection: From Metagenomes to Beneficial Microorganisms and Reliable Diagnostics.

Soil-borne diseases cause significant yield losses worldwide, are difficult to treat and often only limited options for disease management are available. It has long been known that compost amendments, which are routinely applied in organic and integrated farming as a part of good agricultural practice to close nutrient cycles, can convey a protective effect. Yet, the targeted use of composts against soil-borne diseases is hampered by the unpredictability of the efficacy. Several studies have identified and/or isolated beneficial microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi) from disease suppressive composts capable of suppressing pathogens (e.g., Pythium and Fusarium) in various crops (e.g., tomato, lettuce, and cucumber), and some of them have been developed into commercial products. Yet, there is growing evidence that synthetic or complex microbial consortia can be more effective in controlling diseases than single strains, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Currently, a major bottleneck concerns the lack of functional assays to identify the most potent beneficial microorganisms and/or key microbial consortia from complex soil and compost microbiomes, which can harbor tens of thousands of species. This focused review describes microorganisms, which have been isolated from, amended to or found to be abundant in disease-suppressive composts and for which a beneficial effect has been documented. We point out opportunities to increasingly harness compost microbiomes for plant protection through an integrated systems approach that combines the power of functional assays to isolate biocontrol and plant growth promoting strains and further prioritize them, with functional genomics approaches that have been successfully applied in other fields of microbiome research. These include detailed metagenomics studies (i.e., amplicon and shotgun sequencing) to achieve a better understanding of the complex system compost and to identify members of taxa enriched in suppressive composts. Whole-genome sequencing and complete assembly of key isolates and their subsequent functional profiling can elucidate the mechanisms of action of biocontrol strains. Integrating the benefits of these approaches will bring the long-term goals of employing microorganisms for a sustainable control of plant pathogens and developing reliable diagnostic assays to assess the suppressiveness of composts within reach.

The Integration of Farmers and Nomads: Archaeological Evidence for the Human Subsistence Strategy in Northwestern China during the Han Dynasty

AbstractThe integration of farmers and nomads in northwestern China during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE ~ 220 CE) provides a crucial opportunity to reconstruct the material exchanges, formation and development of the Silk Road in antiquity. The subsistence strategy is arguably an effective proxy for the integration of various groups of people (e.g. farmers and nomads). In this paper, we have reported new stable isotope data from the Huangwan tombs dated to the Han dynasty in middle Gansu, which was the key juncture between the Han and Xiongnu empire, in order to fill the gap and further understand the substance strategies employed by the local people. According to the results of plant remains and stable isotopic data, millet farming, the typical agricultural activities for the Han Chinese in the Central Plains, was also the primary lifestyle for the Huangwan people in the mid Gansu. More importantly, this shows fundamentally remarkable difference from the agricultural practices in the Bronze Age Gansu Corridor, which were based on a variety of crops, including wheat, barley and millet. This major shift in the subsistence production at Huangwan can be correlated to a wider historical background in which the Han empire showed increasing political and military presence in the Gansu Corridor, indicating that local indigenous nomads followed the lifestyle of Han Chinese (e.g., millet farming), and/or the Han immigrates maintained millet farming.

Motivation Of Dryland Utilization On Integrated Farming In East Lombok

Utilization of the dryland farming resources through the integration of the farming and livestock is an alternative to improve the farmer income. This study aimed to analyze the effect of variables on the utilization of the dryland and analyze the effect of those variables on the farmer’s motivation in conducting the integration of farming and livestock simultaneously and partially in Gunung Malang Village, Pringgabaya District. There were 82 farmers from 11 farmer institutional group in Gunung Malang Village, Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency involved in this study. This study was employed a multiple regression analysis to processed the data. Results showed that the livestock, value-added to the livestock, land-area, farming experience, education level, and the number of the family member variable simultaneously affected the farmer motivation in implementing the farming and livestock integration in Gunung Malang Village. While the livestock capital, farming experience, and the number of the family member variable partially affected the farmer motivation in implementing the farming and livestock integration. The land-area and educational level didn’t contribute significantly to the implementation of farming and livestock integration in Gunung Malang Village.

Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility Status under Different Cropping Systems for Integrated Farming Systems of Telangana State, India

An Randamised Block Design (RBD) field investigation with ten crop sequences under irrigation with recommended package of practices in sandy loam soils of Southern Telangana Zone (STZ), Telangana was carried out during Kharif, Rabi and summer of 2018-2019 with an objective of the nutrient uptake and soil fertility status under different cropping systems and to assess agro economic benefit. These ten cropping systems were grouped in to five categories viz., pre dominant cropping systems of the zone, ecological cropping systems, household nutritional security giving cropping systems, fodder security giving cropping systems and cropping systems involving high value crops. So that from each category, best cropping system can be identified and can be suggested to different integrated farming systems models. In the context of farming systems, under high value crops such as Okra–Marigold–Beetroot system recorded significantly higher rice grain equivalent yield (36,434 kg ha-1) over other systems. Among the ecological cropping systems for improving soil health, Bt cotton + green gram (1:3) - groundnut cropping system was recorded significantly higher rice grain equivalent yield (14,080 kg ha-1) as compared to pigeon pea + green gram (1:7) – sesame cropping system. Among the household nutritional security giving crops, pigeon pea + maize (1:3) – groundnut system was recorded higher rice grain equivalent yield (13,693 kg ha-1). Within the two fodder crops, fodder maize – lucerne system was resulted in higher rice grain equivalent yield (7,709 kg ha-1). Rice - maize and Bt cotton which were the pre-dominant cropping systems of the region wherein rice – maize system recorded comparatively higher rice grain equivalent yield (11,771 kg ha-1) than Bt cotton. Fodder systems were found to be more exhaustive than all other cropping systems. However, within two years of experimentation the changes in physic-chemical properties and soil fertility status were not significantly affected except organic carbon. Organic carbon was high (0.45 %) in case of pigeon pea + green gram (1:6) - sesame cropping system.

Congruously designed eco-curative integrated farming model designing and employment for sustainable encompassments.

Eco-degradative features associated with the modern agriculture due to utilization of toxic agro-chemicals and intensified technologies need an urgent attention. Considering this need for eco-curativeness and eco-efficiency, current has for the first time employed an integrated farming system (IFS) through designing an appropriate assemblage of vegetables, poultry, and fish (VPF) and investigated its applied scale practicability in addition to the its role in the enhancement of the productivity and environmental quality maintenance. The practical employment of VPF model resulted in the remarkable improvement of soil fertility through an increment in the essential nutrient quantity. Physicochemical analysis of the soils expressed an improvement in the treated samples, i.e., pH (7.31), EC (0.92dS/m), organic matter (2.97%), nitrogen (2.1mg/kg), phosphorous (120.3mg/kg), potassium (322mg/kg), calcium (1482.0mg/kg), and magnesium (471.5mg/kg). Furthermore, ecological detoxification was expressed in form of lower heavy metals (HM) in the experimental soils. At the early plantation stage, HM concentration in the soils modified with nutrient-rich water signified considerably lower pattern with trend, i.e., Cd < Zn < Ni <Pb< Cu < Fe. The morphological growth of the vegetable plants, i.e., Lycopersicon esculentum L., Capsicum annum, and Abelmoschus esculentus, and fish species, i.e., Lobeo rohita and Clarias gariepinus, in the current investigation was remarkably good. Currently employed VPF model expressed a duality in completion of sustainability goals through production of good-quality vegetables in addition to environmental integrity boosting by complete elimination of need for toxic chemical inputs. Results of this research can be adopted for large-scale employment for production of augmented agricultural production in a completely sustainable manner.

The development of integrated agricultural system in improving the local community in Papua

The Wapeko village area was targeted by investors because of its geographical location and natural resource wealth, but the lives of residents of the Wapeko village were almost 100% indigenous / local Papuans, their lives still mixed with a low level of education and economy. This research aimed (1) to analyze the implementation of the development program of the integrated agriculture system in Wapeko Village to achieve theaims of the program; (2) to analyze the achieved results in agriculture products and the incomes of the community through the development of the integrated agriculture system; (3) to develop alternative strategies in order to develop integrated farming systems in realizing a sustainable livelihood pattern of the local communities.The research was conducted in Wapeko Village Kurik Sub-District,he method used was a qualitative method which used quantitative instruments. The data collection was done using direct observation in the field and interviews with the respondents through question naires. The respondents involved 25 households of the local Papuans as well as the stakeholders who were directly involved in the program. The analysis of the revenue used the Farming analysis, and the Strategy analysis through SWOT method. The research results indicated that the collaboration program between Medco Foundation and Yasanto had an impact especially on the development of the Integrated Agriculture System (Sitandu) which was shown by the change in the pattern of the basic livelihood as well as the increase of the income of the local community.

Formation of a State Support Program for Agricultural Producers in Ukraine Considering World Experience

In our paper we researched the state regulation in agriculture of Ukraine, as well as world experience in this field. The distribution of state financing for support of agricultural production is analyzed. We singled out the direction of state support to the agrarian sector of Ukraine. The directions of organizational reforming of households in the market conditions are investigated. The variants of integration of households of the population into more consolidated economic forms are offered. The priority of the development of cooperatives in agriculture has been argued. The positive experience of state support of servicing cooperation is considered on the example of «The Benefits of the Development of Personal Peasant, Farmers, Cooperative Movement in the Village and Advice Service for 2016-2020» of the Vinnytsia Region. The prospects of creation of cooperatives for the provision of oilseeds processing services for the energy needs of agribusinesses and provision of livestock feed with forages are argued. The prospects for realization of the program of development of agricultural servicing cooperatives within the boundaries of Ukraine are outlined.&#x0D; Keywords: agrarian policy, agribusiness development program, agricultural servicing cooperative agriculture, cooperation, food safety, energy security, enterprise-agro producer, integration of farms, state support of agrarian sector