Integrated Farming System Research Articles

Optimizing Nutrient Management for Enhanced Performance in Kadiri Lepakshi Groundnut

The study was conducted to determine the optimal fertilizer levels for Kadiri Lepakshi groundnut. The experiment consists of eight treatments and was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The present investigation was conducted at Integrated Farming System demonstration plot, ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru Karnataka, during the summer of 2022 and Kharif 2023. Five plants from the sampling area were randomly selected and observations on growth and yield parameters were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest. The results revealed that among the various nutrient levels, application of 100 % RDF combined with Phosphogypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 resulted in significantly higher values for plant height (32.95 cm), number of branches per plant (12.60) and dry matter production at harvest. This treatment also led to a substantial increase in the total number of pods per plant (59) and filled pods per plant (48) in groundnut, performing on par with the treatment that included 100% RDF, Gypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 (with 57 and 44 pods, respectively) when compared to other treatments. The similar trend was observed with respect to pod yield (2327 kg ha-1), kernel yield (1580 kg ha-1), and haulm yield (3594 kg ha-1). So, the application of 100% RDF with Phosphogypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 significantly enhanced growth attributes (plant height, branches per plant, and dry matter production) and yield parameters (pods per plant, filled pods, pod yield, kernel yield, and haulm yield) in groundnut. This indicates that Phosphogypsum is an effective source of calcium and sulfur for boosting groundnut yield.

Sustainable Livelihood for Tribal Farmers via Integrated Farming System Components

Sustainable Livelihood for Tribal Farmers via Integrated Farming System Components

Enhancing Aquaculture Productivity through Integrated Farming Systems: A Comparative Study of Fish-Pig and Fish-Duck Systems

Integrated farming systems involving fish-animal are of high relevance in current scenario. Studies like this asses the suitability of such systems in improving the aquaculture productivity and overall benefits to the ecosystem. It plays a crucial role in optimizing the use of small water resources in rural areas to enhance animal production. Given the potential of pig and duck manure as nutrient inputs in fish culture, a grow-out trial was conducted in a 0.1 ha earthen pond located in Elangitampatty, Kezhisenkattupatti, and Asakkattuppatti villages of Kollihills Taluk in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. The pond was stocked with four carp species: Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, and Grass carp in a ratio of 40:20:30:10 at a density of 7500 fish per hectare. Three treatments were employed: (1) Control (T0), where fish were fed with commercial feed, (2) Integrated fish-duck farming (T1), and (3) Integrated pig-fish farming (T2). In the control group (T0), fish were fed commercial fish feed (24% crude protein, 4 mm pellet size) at 4% of body weight, while in T1 and T2, fish received 50% of the commercial feed and were supplemented with duck and pig excreta, respectively. After an 8-month grow-out period, fish weights and total production in each group were recorded. Water quality parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, and hardness, were measured using standard methods (APHA, 2019). Results showed that pond fertilization with pig and duck excreta promoted the growth of algae, phytoplankton, and zooplankton, providing a natural food source for the fish. Total fish production was highest in the fish-pig integration system (T2), with a recorded yield of 4960.09 kg. Catla (Catla catla) had the highest individual species yield, with a total harvested weight of 2225.98 kg, followed by Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) at 1490.37 kg. The final average weight of Grass carp in T0, T1, and T2 was 1047 ± 13.27 g, 1151.10 ± 12.85 g, and 1490.37 ± 13.52 g, respectively. For Catla, the final average weight in T0, T1, and T2 was 910 ± 9.45 g, 960 ± 10.26 g, and 980 ± 12.20 g, respectively. Similarly, Rohu in T0, T1, and T2 weighed 850 ± 7.98 g, 900 ± 11.23 g, and 910 ± 11.16 g, respectively, while Mrigal in T0, T1, and T2 weighed 600 ± 6.04 g, 720 ± 8.50 g, and 730 ± 10.56 g, respectively. The results highlight that the fish-pig system outperformed the fish-duck system in terms of fish productivity, which may be due to the better nutrient composition in pig manure and the genetic potential of the fish species. An economic analysis revealed that the fish-pig integration system generated the highest net income (Rs. 555,353.90) and benefit-cost ratio (2.12), indicating that integrated fish-pig farming is more profitable than both fish-duck farming and the control group without integration.

Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain Processing

Currently, the EU is focusing on less intensive agrotechnology and sustainable development. It is important to minimize the occurrence of mycotoxins (including Fusariotixins) in food, and to monitor mycotoxin concentration in the food chain. Therefore, this study evaluated Fusarium mycotoxin contamination, specifically type A and B trichothecenes and ergosterol concentration, in wheat grain from a three-year field experiment (2019–2021) conducted at IUNG-PIB in Osiny (Poland), along with its byproducts (bran, flour, bread). Four wheat cultivars were grown under different farming systems: organic (ORG), integrated (INT), and conventional (CONV). Ergosterol was analyzed using HPLC with an absorbance detector while Type A and B trichothecenes were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results showed that the farming system significantly influenced type B trichothecenes concentration in grain, with the highest concentration established in ORG-grown wheat. However, the grain concentration from the INT farming system was comparable to that from CONV. Type A trichothecenes concentrations were low and not significantly affected by the farming system. Bran exhibited the highest ergosterol and mycotoxin concentration, while flour and bread exhibited the lowest.

Organizational Transformation at Desa Berdaya Foundation (Lokadesa) through a Social Entrepreneurship Approach to Foster Local Entrepreneurs within the Framework of Achieving SDGs 8.3

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to explore the organizational transformation of the Desa Berdaya Foundation through a social entrepreneurship approach to foster local entrepreneurs contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8.3. The social entrepreneurship approach is deemed relevant to enhance the sustainability and social impact of the foundation in empowering village communities Research Methodology: This study employs a qualitative method that utilizes data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Results: The research findings indicate that organizational transformation at the Desa Berdaya Foundation involves four main stages: reframing, restructuring, revitalization, and renewal. In the reframing stage, the foundation adjusts its vision and mission to focus on the development of the food sector as key to economic empowerment in villages. The restructuring stage involves the reorganization of the organizational structure to be more efficient and effective in achieving new goals. Revitalization focuses on enhancing team competencies through intensive training and mentoring in the agricultural field. The renewal stage involves the adoption of an integrated farming system to improve productivity and resource efficiency. This transformation has proven to be successful in creating an environment that supports the growth of local entrepreneurs. The improvement in competencies and strategic adjustments of the foundation have increased economic independence in the villages, aligning with SDGs 8.3, which focuses on promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. Recommendation: The research recommends ongoing evaluation of the implemented transformation strategies and strengthening partnerships with various stakeholders to achieve a broader social impact. This study contributes significantly to the literature on social entrepreneurship and non-profit organizational management in the context of village community empowerment.

Efficiency of different incubating material for phosphate rich organic manure in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A field experiment was conducted at Centre for Research on Integrated Farming Systems, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during 2018–19 to 2020–21 to study the efficiency of differ- ent incubating material for phosphate rich organic manure (PROM) in wheat. A total of fourteen treatments such as T1 : Control, T2 : DAP @ 60 kg P2 O5 /ha, T3 : Rock phosphate @ 40 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with vermicompost, T4 : Rock phosphate @ 60 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with vermicompost, T5 : Rock phosphate @ 40 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with FYM, T6 : Rock phosphate @ 60 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with FYM, T7 : Rock phosphate @ 40 kg P2 O5 /ha incu- bated with compost, T8 : Rock phosphate @ 60 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with compost, T9 : Rock phosphate @ 40 kg P2 O5/ha incubated with vegetable waste, T10 : Rock phosphate @ 60 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with vegetable waste, T11 : Rock phosphate @ 40 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with green algae, T12 : Rock phosphate @ 60 kg P2 O5 /ha incu- bated with green algae, T13 : Rock phosphate @ 40 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with cow urine and T14 : Rock phosphate @ 60 kg P2 O5 /ha incubated with cow urine were evaluated based on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield. The pooled result of three years experiment indicated that phosphorus source of DAP in wheat (60 kg P2 O5 /ha) can be replaced with Udaipur rock phosphate (31% P2O5 ) @ 198 kg/ha incubated for 30 days with FYM or vermicompost or compost or vegetable waste (each of 593 kg) or cow urine (593 L) in the ratio of 1:3 ratio as basal for obtaining higher yield and net returns.

Analysis of the Social Capital Toward Farmers' Independence in the Integrated Farming in the Agrowisata Urban Village of Rumbai District Pekanbaru City

Farmers in the Agrowisata Urban Village use an integrated farming system, and the social capital of farmers can influence the integrated farming system for research objectives, namely, to analyze: (1) the level of integrated agricultural farmer empowerment in the Agrowisata Urban Village, Rumbai District and (2) the relationship of social capital with the independence of farmers integrated in the Agrowisata Urban Village, Rumbai District. This study used a census research method with a population of 45 farmers using primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed using the Likert scale analysis and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the empowerment of integrated agricultural farmers was in the high category with an average of 4.18. Human resources, a productive economy, and institutions owned by integrated agricultural farmers are also in the high category. The relationship of social capital with the independence of integrated agricultural farmers in the Agrowisata Urban Village indicated that norms, productive economy, and institutions have a positive effect or have an influence on the independence of integrated agricultural farmers in the Agrowisata Urban Village Rumba District. Keywords: integrated agriculture, social capital, empowerment, independence

Sustainable Development Program: Synergism Integrated Farming System Implementation in Tambrauw, West Papua with A Holistic Approach

Indonesia, as an agricultural country with abundant natural resources, still faces the problem of poverty in various regions, especially in West Papua. The high poverty rate in this area is related to the low access to education, food security, and proper economic resources. In an effort to address these issues, the Integrated Farming System (IFS) is considered a potential solution to improve community welfare and support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets. This study aims to identify the benefits, challenges and opportunities of IFS implementation in Tambrauw Regency, West Papua, with a focus on its contribution to the achievement of the five SDGs targets, including poverty and hunger alleviation, and improvement of quality of life and environment. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative study through literature review and secondary data analysis. Data were taken from various sources such as scientific journals, books, and official documents relevant to the research topic. The results show that the implementation of IFS in Tambrauw has the potential to increase agricultural and livestock productivity, create new jobs, and promote sustainable food production. In addition, the use of organic fertilizers and a holistic approach can have a positive impact on the environment and local communities. IFS is an effective program in supporting the achievement of SDGs through empowerment of local communities and sustainable use of existing resources. However, further support in the form of technological innovation and sustainable government policies are needed to ensure the long-term success of this program.

Evaluation of case studies of different integrated farming system models practiced by selected farmers in indo-gangetic plain region of India

Evaluation of case studies of different integrated farming system models practiced by selected farmers in indo-gangetic plain region of India

Enabling Precision Agriculture through a Web-Based Fertilization Management System for Nawungan Selopamioro Fruit Orchards

Precision Agriculture (PA) is an integrated farming system based on information and technology for managing agriculture to identify, analyze, and manage spatial and temporal diversity information in specific locations to obtain optimum and sustainable benefits while minimizing unwanted environmental impacts. Fertilization is one of the crucial phases in agricultural production process considering technical cultivation aspects, costs, and environmental impacts. The current fertilization process at Kebun Buah Nawungan Selopamioro (KBNS) is still conventional, so there is no standard rule in determining the fertilization dose. Therefore, a PA approach is needed to provide suitable fertilizer doses for agricultural production needs. This objective of this study was to develop of a web-based fertilizer management system, integrating with orchard management to enhance accessibility and decision-making. The system calculates fertilizer requirements by analyzing soil nutrient availability (N, P, K), cultivation area, crop type and age, and available fertilizer types. The development followed the waterfall methodology, encompassing stages from requirement analysis to system maintenance. The outcome is a web application that manages land assets, administrative activities, and fertilizer needs tailored to specific land blocks, crop characteristics, and nutrient inventories. Subsequent validation against field conditions ensures the accuracy of its recommendations. Although comprehensive testing confirmed a 100% success rate in functionality, the system currently operates within a limited scope of variables. Future enhancements are planned to incorporate broader agronomic factors, such as soil pH and texture, to augment the system's precision. Despite its limitations, this system represents a significant technological advance in precision agriculture, promising to improve fertilizer application efficiency and support sustainable farming practices.

Integrated Farming System: A Sustainable Approach towards Modern Agriculture

Integrated farming system (IFS) is an integrated approach towards sustainable agriculture in this modern era. It is the integration of various agricultural enterprises or practices such as crops, livestock, Poultry, fish, agroforestry, horticulture, vermicomposting, Mushroom cultivation and beekeeping, in a single farming system. IFS is considered as the efficient tool for enhancing the profitability of farming systems especially for small and marginal farmers. The purposes or objectives of the IFS are: It enhances the productivity per unit area; Agriculture waste management; Soil health management and soil conservation; Generation of diversified income round the year; less use of chemicals; Increasing the yield of all integrated components and food security. IFS include various components or enterprises. These enterprises not only increase the farmer’s income but also increase employment generation of a family. The juadicious integration of these agricultural enterprises improves the socio-economic status of the farmers. The crop production component of IFS includes the cultivation of various economically important crops such as cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and herbs. To maintain the soil health & fertility and management of Plant diseases and pests, various cultural methods such as intercropping, crop rotation, soil solarisation, organic amendment, Mulching, etc. Mushroom cultivation is also one of the important enterprises in IFS that contribute towards increase in farmer’s income. Another important component of IFS includes the rearing of different types of livsestock such as cows, goats, sheep, Duckery, Piggery, Apiary, and poultry. Livestock provides a source of income and produces manure, which can be used as fertilizer for crops. Biogas is another enterprise which is the use of agricultural and animal waste to produce energy. This Bioenergy helps to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and provide a source of income for farmers. There are various models that can be used in IFS like Horticulture+ Piggery+ Fisheries+ Plantation crops and Agriculture+ Horticulture+ Poultry+ Fishery+ Mushroom. Hence, Integrated Farming System is a promising approach for increasing productivity, increasing farmer’s income by utilizing the agricultural and animal waste, recycling farm by-products and efficient utilization of available resources.

A Comprehensive Review of Potential Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies in Agriculture in the Current Climate Change Scenarios

Climate change has a major impact on agriculture worldwide, but in certain regions, like India, this impact is more pronounced than in others. India's large population, heavy reliance on natural resources, and lack of coping mechanisms make it difficult for the country to adapt to the changing climate. India has experienced a notable warming trend over the past century, with an approximate 0.60 °C increase in temperature. This trend is anticipated to continue, possibly having catastrophic consequences for agricultural productivity and food security. Climate change is predicted to result in increasingly variable growing conditions for many crops, making it more challenging for farmers to schedule the planting and harvesting of their crops. Rapid reaction times and coordination are required to mitigate the consequences of climate change on Indian agriculture. This means implementing adaptation tactics, such as cultivating crop varieties that can tolerate high temperatures, promoting water-efficient irrigation techniques, preserving soil health, and enhancing climate resilience through integrated farming systems. India can lessen the negative effects of climate change on its agriculture sector and guarantee food security for its growing population by taking proactive steps and implementing sustainable farming practices.

Decade-long effects of integrated farming systems on soil aggregation and carbon dynamics in sub-tropical Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains

Integrated farming system (IFS) aims to diversify the agricultural landscapes by incorporating different components to meet the multifarious needs of the burgeoning population. The present study was undertaken to understand the impact of different cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, aggregate distribution, and aggregate associated organic carbon (AAOC) in 2-IFS models of varying sizes (0.4 and 0.8 ha) established during 2008–2009. After 10 years of the study, the fodder system registered the greatest TOC and carbon stocks across IFS models, with surface soil (0–15 cm) accumulating 17 and 13% higher TOC and C stock, respectively, in 0.4 and 0.8 ha models. In 0–15 cm, macroaggregates (Ma) represented the highest proportion (75–76%) in both models. Among cropping systems, the fodder system recorded the highest large macroaggregates in both IFS models. Within 0–30 cm depth, small macroaggregates are mostly found in the perennial system (fodder, guava+turmeric, and lemon intercropping system), indicating the potential to improve the aggregate stability over the seasonal (shorter duration) system. In general, micro aggregate (Mi) fraction was pre-dominant in sub-surface soil (17.35%). The maximum AAOC was found in Ma compared to Mi fractions, with approximately 67 and 63% of total carbon associated with Ma in 0.4 and 0.8 ha IFS models, respectively. Interestingly, the 0.8 ha IFS model had higher TOC (~11%) and carbon stock (~12%) than the 0.4 ha model, but AAOC did not show a similar result, indicating the influence of cropping systems on AAOC. The study indicated that the fodder-based production system had better performance in terms of soil physical health and increased aggregate stability and content of soil carbon. This is indicative of the advantages of perennial-based systems over seasonal- or annual-based cropping systems for soil sustainability in Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains.

Economic evaluation of integrated farming system in eastern Vidarbha zone

Economic evaluation of integrated farming system in eastern Vidarbha zone

Comparative Performance of Traditional and Improved Integrated Farming Systems in the Hills of Jammu & Kashmir in the Era of Climate Change

Comparative Performance of Traditional and Improved Integrated Farming Systems in the Hills of Jammu & Kashmir in the Era of Climate Change

The Application of Integrated Neutrosophic CRITIC and Preference Selection Index Methods for Multi Criteria Decision Making Over the Implementation of An Integrated Fish Farming System

This paper presents the application of integrated Neutrosophic CRITIC (The Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation) and PSI (Preference Selection Index) methods using by the linguistic variables are converted to Neutrosophic set, which is an effective decision making model in a real life environment. This integrated methods is used to rank the 5 alternatives (Labeo rohita , Cirrhina mrigala , Catfishes, Catla catla, Murrels or Snakeheads) and 6 main criteria( Azolla with Duck Cum-Fish Culture, Paddy -Cum -Fish Culture, Duck- Cum -Fish farming, Fish - Cum -Poultry farming, Fish- cum Pig Culture, Cattle -Fish integrated farming system) for the growth of different varieties of fish by using Neutrosophic Environment.

Ecosystem services from rain water harvesting, agroforestry and livestock based smallholder rain-fed integrated farming system

Ecosystem services from rain water harvesting, agroforestry and livestock based smallholder rain-fed integrated farming system

Livelihood Enhancement of Scheduled Caste Farmers through Integrated Farming System in Kolar District, India

The study was conducted in purposively selected Kolar district, a total sample of 353 respondents were purposively selected for the study. Data was collected by using pretested structured interview schedule and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. The results revealed that a majority of the respondents belonged to low category of mass media exposure, medium category of education, livestock possession, cosmopoliteness, extension participation, social participation, scientific orientation, risk orientation, training undergone followed by high category of cropping pattern, innovativeness, management orientation, level of aspiration, participation in the developmental programmes, willingness towards IFS, access to extension personnel and access to resources. Livelihood Security of respondents in ‘highly satisfied category’ increased to 37.96 per cent from 28.33 per cent out of seven dimensions, maximum increase was noticed in economic efficiency (52.71%). The personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics such as cropping pattern, livestock possession, risk orientation, training undergone, access to extension personnel and access to resources had positive and significant relationship with livelihood security. The multiple regression value indicated that all the 18 independent variables had contributed to the tune of 23.20 per cent of variation in livelihood security of the respondents. The results pertaining to economic analysis indicated that BC ratio has been increased to 2.98 from 1.93 in crop component and with respect livestock component BC ratio was found to be enhanced to 3.18 from 1.93 after the implementation of the project. Hence, the concerned development departments should organize the demonstrations, trainings, field days, exposure visits etc., to educate the farmers about IFS. The positive and significantly related characteristics need to be considered while selecting the farmers for the extension educational programmes to enhance their livelihood security.

Pertanian Terpadu dan Dukungan Lembaga Lokal dalam Upaya Konservasi DAS Hulu Desa Beruk Jatiyoso Karanganyar

<p><em>The sustainable management of natural resources is crucial for maintaining ecosystem sustainability and ensuring long-term fulfillment of basic needs. Farmers in Beruk Village, residing in the upstream area of the Watershed (DAS), are able to meet their basic needs through farming on steep landslide-prone land, which should ideally be designated as conservation areas. The research aims to examine integrated farming practices, assess local institutional support in conservation activities, and identify the sustainability of conservation-based farming efforts. The study employs a qualitative method, conducted in Beruk Village, Jatiyoso Sub-district, Karanganyar Regency. Fifteen informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data analysis utilized the interactive inductive analysis approach by Miles and Huberman. The research findings indicate that farmers in Beruk Village practice integrated farming systems that combine food, feed, and fertilizer concepts. Local institutional support from Beruk Village includes active participation of members in various conservation activities. The study concludes that farmers in Beruk Village implement integrated farming systems combining food, feed, and fertilizer concepts, but not all farmers apply conservation principles in their farming practices. The study recommends enhancing education and intensive training for farmers on the benefits and techniques of implementing conservation practices. This could be achieved through collaboration with educational institutions, local governments, and non-governmental organizations.</em></p>

Comparative analysis of profile characteristics of farmers practicing integrated farming systems (IFSs) in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh states

Comparative analysis of profile characteristics of farmers practicing integrated farming systems (IFSs) in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh states