Integral Imaging 3D Display Research Articles

GPU-accelerated integral imaging and full-parallax 3D display using stereo–plenoptic camera system

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to produce integral images ready to be displayed onto an integral-imaging monitor. Our main contribution is the use of commercial plenoptic camera, which is arranged in a stereo configuration. Our proposed set-up is able to record the radiance, spatial and angular, information simultaneously in each different stereo position. We illustrate our contribution by composing the point cloud from a pair of captured plenoptic images, and generate an integral image from the properly registered 3D information. We have exploited the graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration in order to enhance the integral-image computation speed and efficiency. We present our approach with imaging experiments that demonstrate the improved quality of integral image. After the projection of such integral image onto the proposed monitor, 3D scenes are displayed with full-parallax.

Fabrication of pinhole/micro‐lens array for improving resolution of integral imaging 3‐D display

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new fabrication of micro‐lens array (MLA) with pinhole array—pinhole/micro‐lens array (P/MLA) for integral imaging 3‐D display (II), which combine lithography and ink‐jet printing. A black circular groove array (BCGA) is used as pinhole array, and laser 3‐D microscope and a homemade setup have been used for the characterization of P/MLA. The results show that high‐precision P/MLA can be obtained using BCGA as templates. By controlling the driving voltage at different steps, the distance between nozzle and substrate, as well as the number of liquid droplets, P/MLA with smooth morphology, different sizes, good repeatability of geometry parameters, great uniformity of focusing, and good converging performance can be achieved. For demonstration, P/MLA with curvature, focal length, numerical aperture, and F‐number of 815.8 μm, 1.60 mm, 0.1311, and 3.8 are applied for the reconstruction in II, exhibiting good reconstruction performance with high resolution, and BCGA reduces the influence of stray light on II and improves the quality of the reconstructed image.

Analysis on pixel number of elemental image in integral imaging 3D display

We analyze the effect of pixel number of elemental image on the resolution and depth of focus in depth-priority integral imaging display. By modeling the pupil as a thin lens, we simulate the retinal image received by an observer’s one eye in four situations according to the principle of geometrical optics. A subject test is carried out to find the minimal pixel number to maintain the resolution and depth of focus of 3D images. The experimental results show how the resolution and depth of focus are degraded as the decreasing of pixel number of elemental image. When the pixel number of elemental image is 36×36 or higher, high-quality 3D images could be produced by the integral imaging 3D display.

Fabrication of Large-Scale Microlens Arrays Based on Screen Printing for Integral Imaging 3D Display.

The low-cost large-scale fabrication of microlens arrays (MLAs) with precise alignment, great uniformity of focusing, and good converging performance are of great importance for integral imaging 3D display. In this work, a simple and effective method for large-scale polymer microlens arrays using screen printing has been successfully presented. The results show that the MLAs possess high-quality surface morphology and excellent optical performances. Furthermore, the microlens' shape and size, i.e., the diameter, the height, and the distance between two adjacent microlenses of the MLAs can be easily controlled by modifying the reflowing time and the size of open apertures of the screen. MLAs with the neighboring microlenses almost tangent can be achieved under suitable size of open apertures of the screen and reflowing time, which can remarkably reduce the color moiré patterns caused by the stray light between the blank areas of the MLAs in the integral imaging 3D display system, exhibiting much better reconstruction performance.

80-1: An Integral Imaging Display Based on a Micro Liquid Lens Array

An integral imaging (II) 3D display based on a micro liquid lens array (MLLA) is presented. The II 3D display is composed of a MLLA proposed by us and 2D display panel. An II display prototype based on the MLLA is developed and realizes II 3D display and 2D display

用于集成成像3D显示的曲面微透镜阵列设计与仿真

用于集成成像3D显示的曲面微透镜阵列设计与仿真

Synthetic Aperture Integral Imaging Display With Moving Array Lenslet Technique

We propose a method to improve the visual resolution of integral imaging by synchronously moving both a lenslet array and a display device to overcome the limited sampling rate using a stationary lenslet array. Compared to the previous moving array lenslet technique approach, the proposed approach can achieve more accurate sub-pixel movements. Experimental 3D reconstruction results using a non-stationary smart phone are presented to show the visual resolution improvement for the proposed integral imaging 3D display.

Dual-view integral imaging 3D display using polarizer parallax barriers.

We propose a dual-view integral imaging (DVII) 3D display using polarizer parallax barriers (PPBs). The DVII 3D display consists of a display panel, a microlens array, and two PPBs. The elemental images (EIs) displayed on the left and right half of the display panel are captured from two different 3D scenes, respectively. The lights emitted from two kinds of EIs are modulated by the left and right half of the microlens array to present two different 3D images, respectively. A prototype of the DVII 3D display is developed, and the experimental results agree well with the theory.

Accommodation and convergence in integral imaging 3D display

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the visual fatigue of integral imaging three‐dimensional (3D) display by studying the accommodation and convergence when viewing the integral imaging 3D images. The theoretical analyses show that there is no inconsistency between the accommodation and convergence distances, which means that the integral imaging 3D display has no visual fatigue. Experiments are implemented, and the results finally demonstrate the rationality of the theoretical analyses. These analyses can be quite beneficial for researchers to better understand the performances and promote the practical applications of the integral imaging 3D display.

多级投影式集成成像三维显示的视场角拓展

As integral imaging has narrower viewing angles for three-dimensional reconstruction images,it can not be widely applied in three-dimensional display.To enhance the viewing angles of integral imaging,this paper develops a new three-dimensional integral imaging system with a larger view angle based on the multi-level projection technology.The system projects the element image array with different levels in parallel based on multi-projectors and obtains a construction image with a large viewing angle by three dimensional reconstruction.As compared with the conventional method with multi-axles,the proposed method has the advantages on its simply structure without other field lenses and stable system no vibration and noises.Furthermore,it is suitable for the large-scale integral imaging system.The optical experiment shows that the viewing angle of proposed integral imaging system with multi-projectors is ±35°,which is 2.92 times that of the conventional integral imaging system and enhances the viewing angle greatly.