Integral Solution Research Articles

A wideband flexible antenna utilizing PMMA/PVDF‐HFP/PZT polymer composite film and silver‐based conductive ink for wearable applications

AbstractThe relentless drive towards miniaturization and seamless integration of electronic components in wireless communications and wearable devices has significantly increased the demand for flexible, cost‐effective composites with high dielectric constants and low losses. This study presents a wideband, low‐profile, and flexible antenna with excellent on body radiation performance for wearable applications. The antenna is designed using a low‐loss composite film based on PMMA‐PVDF‐HFP‐PZT and silver‐based ink. The proposed flexible antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth of 132.16% with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of less than two. It achieves a peak gain of 2.76 dBi at 2.92 GHz and maintains a maximum radiation efficiency of 80% across the 1.26–6.17 GHz frequency range. These characteristics demonstrate that the antenna is an effective solution for achieving high data rates and reliable communication links. The antenna's suitability for wearable applications is assessed by testing it on a simulated human body and analyzing its behavior under physical deformation. The results under bending showed only a minimal frequency detuning, which is negligible given the antenna's wide operational bandwidth. The specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis shows values of approximately 1.88 W/kg at 3.5 GHz with an input power of 0.5 W, and 0.279 W/kg at 5.8 GHz with an input power of 0.45 W, which complies with established safety limits for exposure. Overall, these results suggest that the proposed antenna is a viable solution for integration into wearable medical devices, such as a doctor's chest badge, enabling noncontact interactions and reducing the risk of bacterial contamination.

Path integral solution for a Dirac particle in a Generalized Inverse Quadratic Yukawa potential

In this work, the analytical solutions of the Dirac equation with the spin and pseudospin symmetry for the Generalized Inverse Quadratic Yukawa (GIQY) potential have been investigated. The problem was approximately addressed using path integral formalism. We present the energy eigenvalues expression along with the upper and lower radial wave functions for any given k-state. The Schrödinger solutions for the GIQY potential and Dirac’s solutions for Kratzer potential, Yukawa potential, inversely quadratic Yukawa potential, and Coulomb potential have also been calculated and compared to results from previous investigations.

Revisiting the ‘magic condition’ on the basis of the Takagi–Taupin theory

A numerical framework based on the integral solution of the Takagi–Taupin equations has been developed for cylindrically bent Laue crystals. On the basis of this framework, diffraction geometries that satisfy the `magic condition' have been studied from the perspective of dynamical theory. The numerical findings indicate that, in certain diffraction geometries, the focusing behaviour of cylindrically bent Laue crystals will be notably influenced by dynamical effects and the foci of different energies will not converge as predicted by the `magic condition', which is derived from geometric optics theory. These dynamical effects are further explained through a direct numerical analysis of the influence function.

Painlevé integrability and multiple soliton solutions for the extensions of the (modified) Korteweg-de Vries-type equations with second-order time-derivative

This work introduces two (3+1)-dimensional expansions of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV (mKdV) equations. These extensions incorporate a second-order time-derivative term, similar to the Boussinesq equation. The Painlevé test is utilized to verify the integrability of each extended model. The bilinear form is employed to investigate the existence of multiple-soliton (MS) solutions for each system under consideration. Furthermore, we provide solutions in the form of lumps for the extended KdV equation. The multidimensional KdV-type equations surpass the standard KdV equation. However, they offer enhanced accuracy by representing a broader spectrum of nonlinear phenomena in plasma physics, fluid mechanics, tsunami phenomena, and other science disciplines. Furthermore, the aforementioned equations can be employed to analyze the characteristics of various acoustic waves (AW) in different plasma models, such as their amplitude, width, frequency, and dispersion, as well as the phase shifts after collisions.

Marketing 5.0: Harnessing AI and Emerging Technologies to Shape the Future of Business

This integrative literature review (ILR) looks into the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the French healthcare system, emphasizing personalized medicine and predictive health analytics. The study subject is the problematic integration of AI technologies, which is hampered by significant challenges, including data privacy concerns, system interoperability, ethical and legal issues, resistance to technological change, and the need for extensive training of healthcare professionals. These issues affect French healthcare professionals and politicians, who must overcome these challenges to utilize AI's potential fully. This research aims to investigate and assess the integration of AI into the French healthcare system, particularly in personalized medicine and predictive health analytics, to identify and address the obstacles and leverage the opportunities that improve patient care and operational efficiency. The ILR's guiding conceptual framework is based on three essential concepts: artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, and predictive healthcare analytics. The research methodology consists in thoroughly examining current literature, qualitative study of case studies, and interviews with industry professionals. The study's findings show that AI has tremendous potential to increase diagnostic precision and treatment accuracy in the French healthcare system. They highlight initiatives such as establishing specialized departments like "Intelligent Healthcare Services" and creating positions like "Intelligent Doctor". The conclusions address the potential implications of the findings for enhancing patient care and operational efficiency, as well as recommendations for further study and practice. These include performing longitudinal studies, looking into emerging data integrity solutions such as blockchain, and improving healthcare professional training programs. Ultimately, breaking down current obstacles and ensuring that AI technologies improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes would make France a leader in AI-driven medical innovation.

Advancing Healthcare Through Interoperability: Implementing Scalable Solutions for Patient Data Integration.

Healthcare faces significant challenges in exchanging and utilizing health information across diverse providers, necessitating innovative solutions for improved interoperability. This study presents a comprehensive exploration of scalable technical and semantic solutions for patient care integration, emphasizing the implementation of these solutions within the framework of the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. Our approach revolves around the development and deployment of Technical Interoperability Suite (TIS) and Semantic Interoperability Suite (SIS) technology solutions to disparate health information systems, predominantly Electronic Health Records (EHRs) into a unified Patient Care Platform, fostering comprehensive data exchange and utilization. The integration process involves importing data from various EHR systems and transforming imported patient data into FHIR-standardized formats. The provided solution supports various functionalities, including automatic and manual importation of patient data, through standard computer-readable templates. The integration of TIS and SIS solutions is underpinned by a robust technological framework, incorporating technologies such as Typescript, Deno, and document-oriented databases such as MongoDB. The effectiveness of our interoperability solutions was validated through deployment in multinational EU projects: ADLIFE and CAREPATH. The scalability and generalizability of our approach underscore its potential for diverse healthcare settings.

DIII-D research to provide solutions for ITER and fusion energy

The DIII-D tokamak has elucidated crucial physics and developed projectable solutions for ITER and fusion power plants in the key areas of core performance, boundary heat and particle transport, and integrated scenario operation, with closing the core-edge integration knowledge gap being the overarching mission. New experimental validation of high-fidelity, multi-channel, non-linear gyrokinetic turbulent transport models for ITER provides strong confidence it will achieve Q ⩾ 10 operation. Experiments identify options for easing H-mode access in hydrogen, and give new insight into the isotopic dependence of transport and confinement. Analysis of 2,1 islands in unoptimized low-torque IBS demonstration discharges suggests their onset time occurs randomly in the constant β phase, most often triggered by non-linear 3-wave coupling, thus identifying an NTM seeding mechanism to avoid. Pure deuterium SPI for disruption mitigation is shown to provide favorable slow cooling, but poor core assimilation, suggesting paths for improved SPI on ITER. At the boundary, measured neutral density and ionization source fluxes are strongly poloidally asymmetric, implying a 2D treatment is needed to model pedestal fuelling. Detailed measurements of pedestal and SOL quantities and impurity charge state radiation in detached divertors has validated edge fluid modelling and new self-consistent ‘pedestal-to-divertor’ integrated modeling that can be used to optimize reactors. New feedback adaptive ELM control minimizes confinement reduction, and RMP ELM suppression with sustained high core performance was obtained for the first time with the outer strike point in a W-coated, compact and unpumped small-angle slot divertor. Advances have been made in integrated operational scenarios for ITER and power plants. Wide pedestal intrinsically ELM-free QH-modes are produced with more reactor-relevant conditions, Low torque IBS with W-equivalent radiators can exhibit predator-prey oscillations in T e and radiation which need control. High-β P scenarios with q min > 2, q 95–7.9, β N > 4, β T–3.3% and H 98y2 > 1.5 are sustained with high density ( n¯ = 7E19 m−3, f G–1) for 6 τ E, improving confidence in steady-state tokamak reactors. Diverted NT plasmas achieve high core performance with a non-ELMing edge, offering a possible highly attractive core-edge integration solution for reactors.

Pointwise convergence problem of the one‐dimensional Boussinesq‐type equation

In this paper, we consider the initial data problem of the one‐dimensional Boussinesq‐type equation. Inspired by the work of Compaan et al. (Int. Math. Res. Not. 2021, 599–650), by using the Fourier restriction norm method, we investigate the pointwise convergence of the one‐dimensional Boussinesq equation and cubic Boussinesq equation. We also only use the Strichartz estimates instead of Fourier restriction norm method to establish convergence conclusions of the one‐dimensional cubic Boussinesq equation. The key ingredients are some Strichartz estimates and high‐low frequency decomposition related to the nonlinear part of the integral form solution in the Duhamel form and the maximal function estimate related to inhomogeneous estimate.

Efficient routing in robotic movable fulfillment systems with integer programming: A rolling horizon and heuristic approach

This paper addresses an integrated rack assignment and robot routing problem arising in robotic movable fulfillment systems (RMFS). This NP-hard planning task goes beyond current literature by simultaneously optimizing movable rack selection and multi-agent collision-free path finding, rather than decomposing them. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model with a new level-space-time network representation is proposed, jointly considering reusable racks, robot-rack pairings, storage repositioning, and collision avoidance. To improve computational efficiency, a fast rolling horizon heuristic and greedy algorithm are developed. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the integrated method's solutions can improve by 30 % upon conventional decomposed approaches. Intriguing test cases reveal the model, suggesting non-intuitive robot carryover policies that are unfound by separate selection and routing methods. This indicates potential optimization benefits from explicitly coordinating task assignment, scheduling, and routing decisions in complex automated warehousing systems. The rolling horizon heuristic solutions approach optimality with much greater efficiency than directly solving one large MIP, validating its practical value. This research provides useful integrated modeling insights, efficient solution algorithms, and decision support for efficiently controlling next-generation robotic movable fulfillment systems.

Sensing Classroom Temperature, Relative Humidity, Illuminance, CO2, and Noise: An Integral Solution Based on an IoT Device for Dense Deployments.

Maintaining optimal Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) requires continuous measurement of certain variables. To this end, ASHRAE and BPIE recommend that at least the following areas of interest be considered when measuring IEQ: thermal comfort, illuminance, indoor air quality, and noise. At this time, it is not common to find an IoT device that is suitable for dense deployments in schools, university campuses, hospitals, and office buildings, among others, that measures variables in all of the above areas of interest. This paper presents a solution to the problem previously outlined by proposing an IoT device that measures variables across all of the aforementioned areas of interest. Moreover, in a radio frequency network with a tree-like structure of IoT devices, this device is able to assume the roles of sensor and hub node, sensor and router node, and only sensor node. The experimental results are satisfactory, and the detailed system design ensures the replicability of the device. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis paves the way for high scalability.

Study of a combined Kairat-II-X equation: Painlevé integrability, multiple kink, lump and other physical solutions

PurposeThis study aims to explore a novel model that integrates the Kairat-II equation and Kairat-X equation (K-XE), denoted as the Kairat-II-X (K-II-X) equation. This model demonstrates the connections between the differential geometry of curves and the concept of equivalence.Design/methodology/approachThe Painlevé analysis shows that the combined K-II-X equation retains the complete Painlevé integrability.FindingsThis study explores multiple soliton (solutions in the form of kink solutions with entirely new dispersion relations and phase shifts.Research limitations/implicationsHirota’s bilinear technique is used to provide these novel solutions.Practical implicationsThis study also provides a diverse range of solutions for the K-II-X equation, including kink, periodic and singular solutions.Social implicationsThis study provides formal procedures for analyzing recently developed systems that investigate optical communications, plasma physics, oceans and seas, fluid mechanics and the differential geometry of curves, among other topics.Originality/valueThe study introduces a novel Painlevé integrable model that has been constructed and delivers valuable discoveries.

Integrable Solutions and Continuous Dependence of a Nonlinear Singular Integral Inclusion of Fractional Orders and Applications

Let E be a reflexive Banach space. In this article we study the existence of integrable solutions in the space of all lesbesgue integrable functions on E, L1([0,T],E), of the nonlinear singular integral inclusion of fractional orders beneath the assumption that the multi-valued function G has Lipschitz selection in E. The main tool applied in this work is the Banach contraction fixed point theorem. Moreover, the paper explores a qualitative property associated with these solutions for the given problem such as the continuous dependence of the solutions on the set of selections S1G(τ,x(τ)). As an application, the existence of integrable solutions of the two nonlocal and weighted problems of the fractional differential inclusion is investigated. We additionally provide an example given as a numerical application to demonstrate the effectiveness and value of our results.

Creating a renewable energy-powered energy system: Extreme scenarios and novel solutions for large-scale renewable power integration

The large-scale integration of renewable power sources, such as wind and solar, is pivotal in achieving climate change mitigation goals and reducing dependency on fossil fuels within energy systems. This manuscript explores the integration of substantial wind and solar power capacities into Luxembourg's energy framework, addressing challenges like variability, intermittency, and curtailment. It delves into scenarios that include power-to-heat (P2H) and vertical farming (VF) technologies to improve system flexibility and promote the incorporation of renewable energy. Utilising a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm, an energy balance model with hourly resolution optimises the system. This algorithm guides the operation of individual plants, ensuring optimal performance based on a variety of criteria. Notable findings underscore the significant influence of an appropriate mix of renewable power resources, indicating a potential increase in renewable power consumption by up to 50% within the system. Furthermore, curtailment management solutions are shown to enhance renewable power integration by as much as 30%, highlighting the importance of strategic, system-wide approaches. Additionally, vertical farming emerges as a promising avenue for significantly augmenting the utilisation of surplus solar power, potentially by up to 100%. While the integration of large-scale renewable power is demonstrably viable, it necessitates a meticulously crafted strategy that considers technological innovations and strategic planning.

Island Water Management Cyprus Facts Finding Mission and Gap Identifications

Water management on islands faces unique challenges due to limited size, isolation, climate change impacts, and economic development needs. These factors intensify water scarcity, highlighting the need for sustainable resource development through multidisciplinary approaches. Cyprus, the third-largest Mediterranean island, exemplifies these challenges, with the lowest water availability per capita in the region and severe water scarcity exacerbated by climate change. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive master plan that integrates technical, environmental, social, and economic factors, focusing on climate change impacts on the water cycle. The Energy, Environment, and Water Research Center (EEWRC) plays a pivotal role in global resource management, emphasizing sustainable development goals and Integrated Water Resources Management Policy. EEWRC’s key initiatives include hydrodiplomacy and WEF Nexus and Integrated Water Resource Management IWRM, monitoring sediment transport pollution, water quality monitoring of basins and aquifers, smart water management of conventional and non-conventional water, and nature-based solutions for water and land management integration. To improve water management in Cyprus, establishing a National Commission for Water Experts is recommended. This commission would provide a detailed roadmap for water management, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Climate Change Initiative coordinated by the Cyprus Institute. Additionally, organizing a conference focused on “Cyprus Island Water Management” would help launch this concept. In conclusion, it is crucial to develop a long-term strategy for optimal water resource management in Cyprus, addressing water issues, promoting conservation, launching climate-resilient initiatives, and fostering collaboration with national and international entities for success.

Assessment of Solid Waste Management and Decarbonization Strategies

Global population growth, industrialization, and urbanization have led to a dramatic increase in solid waste (SW) generation, which is considered a main environmental pollutant via greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil and groundwater contamination. This creates serious problems for the region and the world at large. Currently, about 2 billion tons of SW are generated globally every year, of which 67% is processed by various treatment technologies, while 33% is freely released into the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to significantly reduce GHG emissions from global SW production for the maximization of climate benefits and to halt the continued rise in temperature. Fortunately, this can be attained with the use of existing SW processing methods and improved performance. Through a comprehensive literature review, this research evaluates the effectiveness of various SW approaches, including source reduction, recycling, and energy recovery. Additionally, this study examines the potential of emerging technologies and their integration and innovative solutions to enhance solid waste management (SWM) systems and promote decarbonization. The findings highlight the significant environmental and economic benefits of implementing integrated SWM strategies that prioritize waste prevention, material recovery, and energy generation from waste. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement, policy interventions, and public awareness campaigns in fostering sustainable waste management practices. By adopting a holistic approach that considers the entire waste management lifecycle, this review provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, waste management authorities, and communities to achieve sustainable waste management and contribute to global decarbonization efforts.

Optimization Of Photophoretic Forces In Coated-Hollow Microspheres

Photophoresis, a thermal phenomenon, generates non-contact forces on microparticles in a fluid when exposed to a light beam, such as a laser. These forces depend on the geometrical, thermal, and optical properties of the particles, and aligning these properties in inhomogeneous particles can enhance photophoretic forces. The use of coated-hollow microspheres offers a promising approach to this challenge. This work presents a photophoresis model for a threelayered microsphere in the slip-flow regime, applying Navier-Stokes equations with corrected boundary conditions. We used numerical approaches to compute the heat source function using Lorenz-Mie theory and validated the results against previous works. Applied to a copper-coated glass bubble, the model analyzed the photophoretic force as a function of coating thickness, considering several shell thicknesses. Results show that nanometric scale coatings enhance the force up to a maximum, after which the high thermal conductivity of copper reduces it. For coatings above 100 nm, the force becomes insensitive to shell thickness, demonstrating copper’s dominance in optical and thermal phenomena. The study suggests depositing excess coating for higher photophoretic forces, providing a framework for optimizing microparticle design for photophoretic applications. Future work includes further validation through numerical models and experiments and finding analytical solutions for integrals associated with terms in the boundary coefficients using Lorenz-Mie Theory, which holds great promise for advancing our understanding of photophoresis.

Electric vehicle charging technologies, infrastructure expansion, grid integration strategies, and their role in promoting sustainable e-mobility

The transport sector is experiencing a notable transition towards sustainability, propelled by technological progress, innovative materials, and a dedication to environmental preservation. This study explicitly examines the incorporation of electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid, with a particular emphasis on passenger automobiles. Our analysis emphasises the vital importance of updated transport infrastructure in decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and aiding carbon reduction efforts in electricity networks. The analysis uncovers that adopting electric vehicles offers significant advantages, including enhanced grid efficiency and decreased emissions. However, it also brings issues concerning the design and operation of power systems at both the transmission and distribution levels. Key players are crucial in tackling these difficulties to improve electric vehicle integration into the grid. The study determines the most effective ways for distributing and providing electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and investigates the efforts made to establish common standards in order to solve current challenges. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable mobility and energy systems by conducting a thorough examination of the impact of electric vehicles on power systems and offering appropriate integration solutions.

Comment on “Integrability, modulational instability and mixed localized wave solutions for the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation”

Comment on “Integrability, modulational instability and mixed localized wave solutions for the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation”

Start-Ups and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy: Investments and Risks

Advances in renewable energy technologies, particularly in solar, wind, energy storage, and grid integration solutions, are accelerating the growth of in startups in this sector. Despite the promising outlook, renewable energy startups face several risks, including technological, regulatory, financial and market risks. The article carries out a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications related to the problem of investment and risks associated with the development of entrepreneurship and start-ups in the field of renewable energy. After multi-level filtering of the dataset, the research base consists of 82 publications by 232 scientists for 2005-2023, indexed by Scopus, and the analysis tools used are Biblioshiny and Excel. In 2005-2016, the number of publications grew annually at a rate of 10.47%, with peaks in 2006, 2007, and 2016; in 2017-2023, the number of papers increased (the dependence is described by a third-degree polynomial trend). The article examines 3 different types of Three-field plots in the topic of the investments and risks of the startups and entrepreneurship in renewable energy: 1) “References – Authors – Keywords”, 2) “Countries – Institutions – Authors”, 3) “Authors – Sources – Keywords”. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the scientific journals that make the largest / periodic but noteworthy / minimal contribution to the dissemination of knowledge in this area was carried out, the top 10 authors and papers were analysed by the levels of local and global influence, the most powerful research networks (based on the results of the analysis of joint citations) were identified both in terms of authors and countries, and the leading countries were identified in terms of the volume of research output of their scientists and the intensity of citation of these works. Building clouds of the most used keywords allowed us to identify priority thematic areas of research, as well as to analyse the structural and logical relationships between different thematic blocks in the research landscape. With the help of multiple correspondence analysis (factorial analysis) and longitudinal thematic map analysis, the scientific landscape in this area is clustered and evolutionary changes and interdependence of individual topics are identified.

On existence of extremal integrable solutions and integral inequalities for nonlinear Volterra type integral equations

We prove the existence of maximal and minimal integrable solutions of nonlinear Volterra type integral equations. Two basic integral inequalities are obtained in the form of extremal integrable solutions which are further exploited for proving the boundedness and uniqueness of the integrable solutions of the considered integral equation.